| 词条 | List of birds of Manitoba |
| 释义 |
. This list of birds of Manitoba includes all the bird species confirmed in the Canadian province of Manitoba as determined by the Manitoba Avian Research Committee (MARC). There were, as of 2009, 390 species on this list.[1] Between that date and July 2018, seven additional species have been added through eBird.[2] Of the 397 species, 71 are rare or accidental, 23 are classed as occasional, and eight have been introduced to Manitoba or elsewhere in North America. One species is extinct and two species have been extirpated; one of them might be extinct. This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North American Birds, 7th edition through the 59th Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).[3][4] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list. The following codes are used to describe some categories of occurrence. The MARC Checklist provides abundance codes by region and season, and species may be abundant at one time and place and accidental in another. Therefore, an (A) or (O) code is used here only if the Checklist does not have a code for greater abundance anywhere.
{{horizontal TOC|nonum=YES}} Ducks, geese, and waterfowlOrder: Anseriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AnatidaeThe family Anatidae includes ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
Pheasants, grouse, and alliesOrder: Galliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhasianidaeThe Phasianidae is a family of birds which consists of pheasants, partridges, grouse, turkeys, and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
GrebesOrder: Podicipediformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PodicipedidaeGrebes small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Pigeons and dovesOrder: Columbiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
CuckoosOrder: Cuculiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
Nightjars and alliesOrder: Caprimulgiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CaprimulgidaeNightjars are medium-sized ground-nesting nocturnal birds with long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
SwiftsOrder: Apodiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ApodidaeSwifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
HummingbirdsOrder: Apodiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TrochilidaeHummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backward.
Rails, gallinules, and cootsOrder: Gruiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RallidaeRallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes gallinules, and coots. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general, they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
CranesOrder: Gruiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: GruidaeCranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
Stilts and avocetsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RecurvirostridaeRecurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Plovers and lapwingsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CharadriidaeCharadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Sandpipers and alliesOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ScolopacidaeScolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
JaegersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: StercorariidaeThe family Stercorariidae are large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
Auks, murres, and puffinsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlcidaeAlcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture, and some of their habits. However, they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
Gulls, terns, and skimmersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: LaridaeLaridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.
LoonsOrder: Gaviiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: GaviidaeLoons, known as divers in Europe, are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely grey or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
StorksOrder: Ciconiiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CiconiidaeStorks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute. One species occurs in Ontario as an accidental.
Boobies and gannetsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SulidaeThe sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
CormorantsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhalacrocoracidaeCormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.
PelicansOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PelecanidaePelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
Bitterns, herons, and egretsOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and warier. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills, members of this family fly with their necks retracted.
IbisesOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ThreskiornithidaeThreskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which comprises the ibises and spoonbills. Its members have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary flight feathers. They are strong fliers and, despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
New World vulturesOrder: Cathartiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CathartidaeThe New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.
OspreyOrder: Accipitriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PandionidaePandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.
Hawks, kites, and eaglesOrder: Accipitriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AccipitridaeThe Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds mostly have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Barn-owlsOrder: Strigiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TytonidaeBarn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Typical owlsOrder: Strigiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: StrigidaeThe typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
KingfishersOrder: Coraciiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
WoodpeckersOrder: Piciformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PicidaeWoodpeckers, sapsuckers, and flickers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
FalconsOrder: Falconiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FalconidaeFalconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Tyrant flycatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TyrannidaeTyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
ShrikesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: LaniidaeShrikes are passerine birds known for the habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
VireosOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: VireonidaeThe vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
Jays, crows, magpies, and ravensOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CorvidaeThe family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
LarksOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlaudidaeLarks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Swallows and martinsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is a group of passerines characterised by their adaptation to aerial feeding. These adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and short bills with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Chickadees and titmiceOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ParidaeChickadees and titmice are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
NuthatchesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SittidaeNuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.
TreecreepersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CerthiidaeTreecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
WrensOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TroglodytidaeWrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
GnatcatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PolioptilidaeGnatcatchers are a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
KingletsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RegulidaeThe kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have coloured crowns, giving rise to their name.
Old World flycatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MuscicapidaeThe Old World flycatchers are a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing.
ThrushesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Mockingbirds and thrashersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MimidaeThe mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull greys and browns in their appearance.
StarlingsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SturnidaeStarlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
WaxwingsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: BombycillidaeThe waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests.
Old World sparrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PasseridaeOld World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or greyish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Wagtails and pipitsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MotacillidaeMotacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
FinchesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FringillidaeFinches are small to moderately large seed-eating passerine birds with a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and nine primaries flight feathers. Finches have a bouncing flight, alternating bouts of flapping with gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Longspurs and snow buntingsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CalcariidaeThe Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that were traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
New World sparrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PasserellidaeUntil 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
Yellow-breasted chatOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: IcteriidaeThis species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
IcteridsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: IcteridaeThe icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the blackbirds, meadowlarks, cowbirds, grackles and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.
Wood-warblersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ParulidaeThe wood-warblers are a group of small often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Cardinals and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CardinalidaeCardinals and grosbeaks are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.naturemanitoba.ca/sites/default/files/MB_bird_checklist.pdf |title=Checklist of the Birds of Manitoba |author= |date=2009 |website= |publisher=Manitoba Avian Research Committee |access-date=21 June 2017 |quote=}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://ebird.org/ebird/barchart?byr=1900&eyr=2017&bmo=1&emo=12&r=CA-MB |title=Manitoba eBird Bar Chart |author= |date= |website= |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |access-date=21 July 2018 |quote=}} 3. ^American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. Check-list of North American Birds. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 4. ^R. Terry Chesser, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., Douglas F. Stotz, Benjamin M. Winger, and Kevin Winker. "Fifty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2018, vol. 135:798-813 retrieved 16 July 2018 See also
5 : Birds of Canada|Natural history of Manitoba|Lists of birds by location|Lists of birds of North America|Lists of biota of Canada |
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