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词条 List of cities by sunshine duration
释义

  1. Africa

  2. Asia

  3. Europe

  4. North and Central America

  5. South America

  6. Oceania

  7. See also

  8. References

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}{{Dynamic list|date=April 2016}}{{Multiple issues|{{Very long|date=June 2017}}{{Globalize|article|the Northern hemisphere|date=May 2016}}
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The following is a list of cities by sunshine duration. Sunshine duration is a climatological indicator, measuring duration of sunshine in given period (usually, a day or a year) for a given location on Earth, typically expressed as an averaged value over several years. It is a general indicator of cloudiness of a location, and thus differs from insolation, which measures the total energy delivered by sunlight over a given period.

Sunshine duration is usually expressed in hours per year, or in (average) hours per day. The first measure indicates the general sunniness of a location compared with other places, while the latter allows for comparison of sunshine in various seasons in the same location.[1] Another often-used measure is percentage ratio of recorded bright sunshine duration and daylight duration in the observed period.

An important use of sunshine duration data is to characterize the climate of sites, especially of health resorts. This also takes into account the psychological effect of strong solar light on human well-being. It is often used to promote tourist destinations.[1]

Africa

Sunshine hours for selected cities in Africa
Country City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ref.
Ivory CoastGagnoa[2]
Ivory CoastBouaké[2]
Ivory CoastAbidjan[2]
Ivory CoastOdienné[3]
Ivory CoastFerké[2]
BeninCotonou[4]
BeninParakou[2]
BeninKandi[5]
TogoLomé[6]
TogoMango[2]
GhanaAccra[7]
GhanaTamale[8]
GhanaKumasi[9]
CameroonGaroua[10]
CameroonN'Gaoundéré[11]
CameroonDouala[2]
CameroonYaoundé[2]
GabonLibreville[12]
GabonPort-Gentil[13]
NigeriaLagos[14]
NigeriaMakurdi[15]
NigeriaJos[15]
NigeriaKano[15]
NigeriaSokoto[15]
SudanPort Sudan[15]
SudanKhartoum[16]
EritreaAsmara[17]
Burkina FasoOuagadougou[18]
Burkina FasoOuahigouya[19]
NigerNiamey[20]
ChadN'Djamena[21]
ChadAbéché[22]
GambiaBanjul[23]
SenegalDakar[2]
SenegalThiès[2]
SomaliaMogadishu[15]
SomaliaBuloburde[24]
DjiboutiDjibouti City[25]
MaliSégou[26]
MaliTimbuktu[27]
MaliBamako[28]
AlgeriaAlgiers[29]
AlgeriaTamanrasset[30]
TunisiaTunis[31]
TunisiaGabes[32]
MoroccoRabat[33]
MoroccoMarrakech[34]
MoroccoOuarzazate[35]
EgyptCairo[36]
EgyptAlexandria[36]
EgyptHelwan[36]
LibyaTripoli[37]
LibyaBenghazi[38]
KenyaMombasa[39]
KenyaNairobi[40]
KenyaGarissa[41]
KenyaLodwar[24]
AngolaLuanda[15]
South SudanJuba[36]
South SudanWau[36]
TanzaniaDar-es-Salaam[15]
TanzaniaZanzibar[42]
TanzaniaTabora[42]
TanzaniaDodoma[43]
EthiopiaMekelle[44]
EthiopiaAddis Abeba[36]
CongoBrazaville[2]
CongoPointe-Noire[2]
CongoDolisie[2]
Democratic Republic of the CongoKinshasa[45]
Democratic Republic of the CongoLubumbashi[15]
MauritaniaNouadhibou[2]
MauritaniaNouakchott[2]
South AfricaPretoria[46]
South AfricaCape Town[47]
South AfricaJohannesburg[48]
South AfricaBloemfontein[49]
South AfricaUpington[50]
South AfricaDurban[51]
BotswanaMaun[15]
BotswanaGaborone[52]
BotswanaGhanzi[15]
ZambiaNdola[53]
ZambiaLusaka[54]
ZambiaLivingstone[55]
ZimbabweHarare[56]
ZimbabweBulawayo[57]
MalawiKaronga[58]
MalawiBlantyre[59]
MalawiMzuzu[60]
MadagascarFianarantsoa[61]
MadagascarToamasina[62]
MadagascarAntananarivo[63]
MadagascarAntsiranana[64]
MadagascarMahajanga[65]
MadagascarToliara[15]
MozambiqueMaputo[66]
Central African RepublicBangui[67]
Central African RepublicBirao[68]
UgandaKampala[42]
UgandaKampala[42]
UgandaEntebbe[15]
BurundiBujumbura[69]
GuineaConakry[70]
GuineaKankan[71]
Guinea-BissauBissau[72]
Equatorial GuineaBata[73]
Equatorial GuineaMalabo[74]
EgyptMarsa Alam?
EgyptKharga?
EgyptDakhla Oasis?
NamibiaKeetmanshoop?
NamibiaWindhoek?

Asia

Sunshine hours for selected cities in Asia
Country City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ref.
AfghanistanKabul?
AzerbaijanBaku?
BangladeshDhaka?
ChinaBeijing?
ChinaChongqing?
ChinaLhasa[75]
ChinaShanghai?
ChinaÜrümqi[76]
Hong KongHong Kong[77]
IndiaDelhi[78]
IndiaKolkata[79]
IndiaMumbai[80]
IndonesiaJakarta[81]
IranTehran[82]
IraqBaghdad?
IsraelTel Aviv?
JapanSapporo[83]
JapanTokyo?
KazakhstanAlmaty[84]
KazakhstanAstana[85]
MacauMacau[86]
MongoliaUlaanbaatar[87]
North KoreaPyongyang?
OmanMuscat[88]
PakistanKarachi?
PakistanLahore?
PhilippinesManila?
RussiaDikson[89]
RussiaIrkutsk[90]
RussiaOmsk[91]
RussiaPetropavlovsk-
Kamchatsky
[92]
RussiaVladivostok[93]
RussiaYakutsk[94]
Saudi ArabiaAbha[95]
Saudi ArabiaRiyadh[96]
SingaporeSingapore?
South KoreaBusan[97]
South KoreaSeoul[98]
TaiwanKaohsiung?
TaiwanTaichung?
TaiwanTaipei?
ThailandBangkok[99]
ThailandChiang Mai[100]
ThailandHat Yai[100]
ThailandNakhon Ratchasima[100]
TurkeyAnkara?
United Arab
Emirates
Dubai?
UzbekistanTashkent[101]
VietnamDa Lat[102]
VietnamDa Nang[102]
VietnamHanoi[102]
VietnamHo Chi Minh City[102]

Europe

Sunshine hours for selected cities in Europe
Country City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ref.
AlbaniaTirana
ArmeniaYerevan
AustriaVienna[103]
BelarusMinsk[104]
BelgiumBrussels[105]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevo
BulgariaSofia[106]
CroatiaZagreb[107]
Czech RepublicPrague[108]
CyprusNicosia[109]
DenmarkCopenhagen[110]
EstoniaTallinn
Faroe IslandsTórshavn[111]
FinlandHelsinki[112]
FranceMarseille[113]
FranceParis[114]
GeorgiaTbilisi
GermanyBerlin[115]
GermanyFrankfurt[115]
GreeceAthens[116]
GreeceIerapetra[117]
HungaryBudapest[118]
IcelandReykjavik[119]
IrelandDublin[120]
ItalyMilan[121]
ItalyRome[122]
LatviaRiga
LithuaniaVilnius
MaltaValletta[123]
MoldovaChișinău
MontenegroPodgorica
NetherlandsAmsterdam[124]
North MacedoniaSkopje
NorwayOslo[125]
PolandWarsaw[126]
PortugalLisbon[127]
RomaniaBucharest[128]
RussiaMoscow[129]
RussiaSochi[130]
SerbiaBelgrade[131]
SlovakiaBratislava
SloveniaLjubljana
SpainBarcelona[132]
SpainMadrid[132]
SwedenGothenburg[133]
SwedenStockholm[134]
SwitzerlandZurich[135]
TurkeyIstanbul[136]
UkraineKiev[137]
United KingdomEdinburgh[138]
United KingdomLondon[139]

North and Central America

Sunshine hours for selected cities in North America and Central America
Country City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ref.
CanadaCalgary[140]
CanadaChurchill[141]
CanadaEdmonton[142]
CanadaIqaluit[143]
CanadaMontreal[144]
CanadaToronto[145]
CanadaVancouver[146]
CanadaWhitehorse[147]
CanadaWinnipeg[148]
HondurasLa Ceiba[149]
MexicoLa Paz[150]
MexicoMexico City[151]
MexicoMonterrey[152]
MexicoVillahermosa[153]
NicaraguaManagua[154]
PanamaPanama City[155]
Puerto RicoSan Juan[155]
El SalvadorSan Salvador[156]
Saint Pierre
and Miquelon
Saint-Pierre[157]
United StatesAlbuquerque?
United StatesAnchorage?
United StatesJuneau[158]
United StatesAtlanta?
United StatesAustin?
United StatesBaltimore?
United StatesBoise?
United StatesBoston?
United StatesCharlotte?
United StatesChicago?
United StatesCleveland?
United StatesColumbus?
United StatesDallas?
United StatesDenver?
United StatesDetroit?
United StatesEl Paso?
United StatesFresno?
United StatesHonolulu?
United StatesHouston?
United StatesIndianapolis?
United StatesJacksonville?
United StatesKansas City?
United StatesLas Vegas?
United StatesLos Angeles?
United StatesLouisville?
United StatesMemphis?
United StatesMiami?
United StatesMilwaukee?
United StatesMinneapolis?
United StatesNashville?
United StatesNew Orleans?
United StatesNew York City?
United StatesOklahoma
City
?
United StatesOmaha?
United StatesPhiladelphia?
United StatesPhoenix?
United StatesPittsburgh?
United StatesPortland (OR)?
United StatesRaleigh?
United StatesRichmond (VA)?
United StatesSacramento?
United StatesSalt Lake City?
United StatesSan Antonio?
United StatesSan Diego?
United StatesSan Francisco?
United StatesSeattle?
United StatesSt. Louis?
United StatesTampa?
United StatesTucson?
United StatesTulsa?
United StatesVirginia Beach?
United StatesWashington,
D.C.
?
United StatesWichita?
United StatesYuma[159]

South America

Sunshine hours for selected cities in South America
Country City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ref.
ArgentinaBuenos Aires?
ArgentinaUshuaia?
ArgentinaMendoza?
ArgentinaLa Plata[160]
BoliviaLa Paz?
BrazilSão Paulo?
BrazilBrasília?
BrazilRio de Janeiro?
BrazilFortaleza?
BrazilManaus?
BrazilCuritiba?
ColombiaBogotá?
ColombiaBarranquilla?
ColombiaMedellín[161]
ColombiaCali[162]
ColombiaBuenaventura[163]
ColombiaTotoró[164]
ChileSantiago?
ChileAntofagasta?
ChileValdivia?
ChilePuerto Montt[165]
ChileCalama[166]
EcuadorQuito?
EcuadorGuayaquil?
Falkland IslandsStanley?
French GuianaCayenne?
ParaguayAsunción?
PeruArequipa?
PeruLima?
PeruIquitos[167]
UruguayMontevideo?
VenezuelaCaracas?
VenezuelaMaracaibo?

Oceania

Sunshine hours for selected cities in Oceania
Country City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ref.
AustraliaAdelaide?
AustraliaBrisbane?
AustraliaCanberra?
AustraliaDarwin?
AustraliaHobart?
AustraliaMelbourne?
AustraliaPerth?
AustraliaSydney?
FijiSuva[168]
New ZealandAuckland?
New ZealandChristchurch?
New ZealandWellington?
Papua New GuineaPort Moresby
Solomon IslandsHoniara

See also

  • List of cities by temperature

References

1. ^{{citation |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/documents/gruanmanuals/CIMO/CIMO_Guide-7th_Edition-2008.pdf |chapter=8. Measurement of Sunshine Duration |title=Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation |publisher=WMO |year=2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E9CzPWoA?url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/documents/gruanmanuals/CIMO/CIMO_Guide-7th_Edition-2008.pdf |archivedate=2013-02-03 |df= }}
2. ^10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web|title=Étude méthodologique pour l'utilisation des données climatologiques de l'Afrique tropicale|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-12/20178.pdf|website=Horizon Documentation|publisher=Comité Interafricain d'Etudes Hydrauliques|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Odienné–Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/IV/65528.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Cotonou, Benin Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/B3/65344.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=KANDI Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/B3/65306.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Lome, Togo|url=http://www.lome.climatemps.com/sunlight.php|website=Climatemps|publisher=Climatemps|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Accra, Ghana|url=http://www.accra.climatemps.com/sunlight.php|publisher=Clima Temps|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Tamale, Ghana|url=http://www.tamale.climatemps.com/sunlight.php|website=Clima Temps|publisher=Clima Temps|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Kumasi, Ghana|url=http://www.kumasi.climatemps.com/sunlight.php|website=Clima Temps|publisher=Clima Temps|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Garoua Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/KM/64860.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Ngaoundéré Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/KM/64870.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Libreville Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GN/64500.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Port-Gentil Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GN/64501.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Climatological Information for Lagos, Nigeria|url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/nig_cam/lagos_e.htm|website=Hong Kong Observatory|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
15. ^10 11 12 {{cite book|author=M.J. Muller|title=Selected climatic data for a global set of standard stations for vegetation science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=az3qCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|year=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-009-8040-2|page=244}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Khartoum Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/SU/62721.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Sunshine guide to Asmara and the Eritrea, Highlands , Eritrea|url=http://short.climates.com/AFRICA/PDF/ERT01AFR.pdf|website=short.climates.com|publisher=short.climates.com|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Klimatafel von Ouagadougou / Burkina Faso (Obervolta)|url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_655030_kt.pdf|website=Deutscher Wetterdienst|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Klimatafel von Ouahigouya / Burkina Faso (Obervolta)|url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_655020_kt.pdf|website=Deutscher Wetterdienst|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Climatological Normals of Niamey|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/nig_cam/niamey_e.htm|website=Hong Kong Observatory|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=ND'Jamena Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/TE/64700.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Abeche Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/TE/64756.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Average Conditions Banjul, Gambia|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/2413876|website=BBC Weather|publisher=BBC Weather|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
24. ^{{cite book|author=Helmut Erich Landsberg|title=World Survey of Climatology: Climates of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzZRAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Djibouti Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/D1/63125.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Mean monthly sunshine duration (in/month, 1961–1970) in Mali (Direction Nationale de la Meteorologie, Bamako, Mali)|url=http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=hdl&cl=CL1.16&d=HASH01a95a8eb2b274269414f63d.4.2|website=Humanity Development Library|publisher=Humanity Development Library|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Mean monthly sunshine duration (in/month, 1961–1970) in Mali (Direction Nationale de la Meteorologie, Bamako, Mali)|url=http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=hdl&cl=CL1.16&d=HASH01a95a8eb2b274269414f63d.4.2|website=Humanity Development Library|publisher=Humanity Development Library|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=BKO–s (Bamako) Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/M1/61291.TXT|website= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Algeriet – Alger/Dar-El-Beida |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |website=Danish Meteorological Institute |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |accessdate=3 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archivedate=16 January 2013 |df= }}
30. ^{{cite book|author=J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson|title=Sahara Desert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1tJOAQAAIAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Published in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources by Pergamon Press|isbn=978-0-08-028869-7}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Climatological Information for Tunis, Tunisia|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/mor_al/tunis_e.htm|website=Hong Kong Observatory|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
32. ^{{cite web|title="Gabès Climate Normals 1961–1990"|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60765.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Climatological Information for Rabat, Morocco|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/mor_al/rabat_e.htm|website=Hong Kong Observatory|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=Marrakech (Marrakesh) Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/FM/60230.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Ouarzazate Climate Normals 1961–1990"|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/FM/60265.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
36. ^{{cite book|author=M.M.A. Shahin|title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRM7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|year=1985|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-088756-2|page=87}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Libyen – Tripoli |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |website=Danish Meteorological Institute |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |accessdate=3 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archivedate=April 27, 2013 }}
38. ^{{cite web|title= Wetter im Detail: Klimadaten|url=http://wetter.spiegel.de/spiegel/klima.php?r=afrika&land=LY&stat=62053|website=WetterKontor, via Spiegel Online|publisher=WetterKontor, via Spiegel Online|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Climatological Information for Mombase, Kenya|url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/ken_madg/mombase_e.htm|website=Hong Kong Observatory|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=WMO Climate Normals for DAGORETTI 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/KN/63741.TXT|website=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
41. ^{{cite web|title=Garissa Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/KN/63723.TXT|website=WMO|publisher=WMO|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
42. ^{{cite book|title=The climates of the continents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RytOAQAAIAAJ|year=1961}}
43. ^{{cite web|title=Klimatafel von Dodoma / Tansania|url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_638620_kt.pdf|website=Deutscher Wetterdienst|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web|title=Surface Waters Potential of the Hantebet Basin, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/10575/LW%2005%20010%20Tadasse%20final%2016April2006.pdf?sequence=1|website=Ecommons|publisher=Nata Tadesse|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
45. ^{{cite web|title= Average Conditions Kinshasa, Congo Democratic Republic|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/2314302|publisher=BBC|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
46. ^{{cite web|title=Climate Statistics for Pretoria, South Africa|url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/forecasts/statistics/c01861|website=The Weather Network|publisher=The Weather Network|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
47. ^{{cite web|title=Cape Town Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/UA/68816.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
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49. ^{{cite web|title=Bloemfontein Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/UA/68442.TXT|website=NOAA|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=3 December 2015}}
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168. ^http://www.met.gov.fj/ClimateofFiji.pdf

3 : Lists of cities|Weather-related lists|Climate

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