词条 | List of Crips subgroups |
释义 |
Crips street gangs encompasses a wide variety of different identities within its subgroups. Alaska
Anchorage
CaliforniaSanta Rosa
City of San Francisco
Merced
Tulare County
North HollywoodPossibly defunct gangs include:
Exposition Park and surrounding unincorporated areas (Westside)
Watts (Eastside)
Venice
Fresno
IdahoApproximately 5% of Idaho's gang members are Crips, out of 2,408 confirmed gang members in the state.[11]
Minnesota
Nevada
North Dakota
OregonEugene
Portland
South Dakota
Utah
Washington
Wisconsin
Caribbean islandsGrenadaThe Crips have been identified in Grenada although they were mentioned to have no affiliation to the U.S. gangs. Last reported in 2008.[28] U.S. Virgin IslandsSt. Thomas
St. John Island
Central AmericaBelize
EuropeNetherlands
OceaniaAustralia
Guam (U.S. territory)
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment#Expansion |title=2011 National Gang Threat Assessment |date=2011-10-22 |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=2017-03-07}} {{Crips}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://juneauempire.com/stories/070709/sta_460684983.shtml#.V8z5ljvotLg|title=Police count more gangs arriving on Anchorage streets|publisher=Juneau Empire|date=July 7, 2009|accessdate=September 4, 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/2850667-181/a-look-at-gangs-active?gallery=4586507&artslide=0 |title=Gangs active in Sonoma County |publisher=The Press Democrat |date=September 21, 2014 |accessdate=June 22, 2017 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://dch001-009.doorblog.jp/archives/14436361.html |title=実は悪じゃないラッパー |date=December 7, 2011 |accessdate=September 16, 2016 }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://studycenter.org/test/cce/issues/27/CCX-27-6.pdf |title=Cambodian Crips starting to muscle in |magazine=Central City Extra |date=August 2003 |accessdate=January 18, 2017 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/brown-announces-takedown-merced-gangster-crips |title=Brown Announces Takedown of "Merced Gangster Crips" |publisher=State of California Department of Justice |date=May 19, 2009 |accessdate=January 18, 2017 }} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.ci.visalia.ca.us/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?blobid=4474 |title=Street Gangs in Tulare County: A Comprehensive Guide for Understanding Street Gangs |publisher=Tulare County Office of Education |accessdate=September 22, 2016 }} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.bily.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Gang-Handout-San-Fernando-Valley.pdf |title=A Presentation on Gangs and Crews |publisher=Youth Relations Unit |accessdate=September 19, 2016 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/nonpub/B242051.DOC |title=THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. JONATHAN GUTIERREZ, Defendant and Appellant. |publisher=Superior Court of Los Angeles County |date=January 28, 2013 |accessdate=September 1, 2013 }} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite news|url=http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/crime/article74955882.html|title=Dog Pound gang's million-dollar business: Drugs, fraud, human trafficking|work=fresnobee|access-date=2017-07-18|language=en}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://icjc.idaho.gov/pubs/ICJC%202010%20Idaho%20Gang%20Survey%20Results.pdf|title=2010 Idaho Gang Survey|publisher=Idaho Criminal Justice Commission|date=2010|accessdate=April 9, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://treasurevalleypartners.org/projects/sausa-project-goals/street-gang-activity-idaho/|title=Criminal Street Gang Activity in Idaho|author=Nafzger, Christian|publisher=Treasure Valley Partnership|date=October 22, 2008|accessdate=April 9, 2017}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2009/07/02/rochester_gangs|title=Rochester copes with emerging gang problem|last=Stachura|first=Sea|access-date=2017-04-18}} 14. ^{{cite book |last=Porterfield |first=Jason |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIwaXda1v08C&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=%22Reno,+Nevada%22+%22Crips%22&source=bl&ots=xxhDI7Jp1C&sig=iigzIGX83pkHq60lbmMwllspXwc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwip-oLCle7RAhUCyWMKHdQUB_gQ6AEIIDAC#v=onepage&q=%22Reno%2C%20Nevada%22%20%22Crips%22&f=false |title=Tattoos and Secret Societies |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |date=2008 |accessdate=January 31, 2017 }} 15. ^1 {{cite web |last=Ley |first=Ana |url=http://lasvegassun.com/news/2015/jun/08/las-vegas-street-gangs/ |title=Las Vegas home to roughly 20,000 street gang members |publisher=Las Vegas Sun |date=June 8, 2015 |accessdate=September 18, 2016 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://bismarcktribune.com/bakken/shooting-shows-gang-presence-in-north-dakota/article_a231b878-8a5d-11e4-a2df-cb2b001dce27.html|title=Shooting shows gang presence in North Dakota|author=Lymn, Catherine|publisher=Bismarck Tribune|date=December 23, 2014|accessdate=September 18, 2016}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.valleynewslive.com/home/headlines/Gang-Activity-F-M-Law-Enforcement-299203921.html|title=UPDATE: Gang Problem Sparks F-M Street Crime Unit, "We Are Going at This Head On"|author=Johnson, Nicole|publisher=Valley News|date=April 9, 2015|accessdate=September 18, 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://kval.com/news/local/theres-been-a-big-rivalry-between-several-of-the-gangs|title=There's been a big rivalry between several of the gangs|author=Liedle, Chris|publisher=KVAL 13|date=October 24, 2014|accessdate=September 4, 2016}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2010/11/a_former_portland_gang_member.html|title=A former Portland gang member leaves prison with a mission: to help others from following him|author=Bernstein, Maxine|publisher=The Oregonian (OregonLive.com)|date=November 20, 2010|accessdate=September 1, 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wweek.com/portland/article-4817-our-gangs.html|title=Our Gangs|author=Valdez, Angela|publisher=Willamette Week|date=September 20, 2005|accessdate=September 4, 2016}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/violence-is-all-over-in-portland-police-blame-gangs-2/|title=Portland struggles with gang violence: 13 shootings in 2 weeks|author=Bernstein, Maxine|publisher=Seattle Times|date=October 12, 2015|accessdate=September 1, 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/us/14gangs.html|title=Gang Violence Grows on an Indian Reservation|author=Eckholm, Erik|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 13, 2009|accessdate=April 9, 2017}} 23. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Photocopy/149221NCJRS.pdf |title=Polynesian/Islander Gangs and Culture |publisher=Salt Lake City Area Gang Project |accessdate=January 31, 2017 }} 24. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web |url=http://www.wvc-ut.gov/DocumentCenter/View/6752 |title=Salt Lake Area Gang Project |publisher=Salt Lake Area Metro Gang Unit |date=2011 |accessdate=September 6, 2016 }} 25. ^2 more sentenced in Hilltop Crips crackdown in Tacoma | Crime News - The News Tribune 26. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=https://www.doj.state.wi.us/sites/default/files/2008-news/northeast-wi-gang-assessment-20081110.pdf |title=Northeast Wisconsin Gang Assessment |publisher=Wisconsin Department of Justice |date=2008 |access-date=February 1, 2017 }} 27. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://wilenet.org/html/cib/news-time/199702.pdf |title=TIME SYSTEM NEWSLETTER |publisher=Wisconsin Department of Justice |date=February 28, 1997 |access-date=February 2, 2017 }} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.equip123.net/docs/E3-ECYouthAssessmentFinalReport.pdf |title=RAPID YOUTH ASSESSMENT IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN |publisher=EQUIP3 / US Aid for the American People |date=August 2008 |accessdate=January 20, 2017 }} 29. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite AV media |title=Gangs in Paradise |date=2008 |publisher=US Virgin Islands Gang Unit }} 30. ^{{cite web |last=Janowitz |first=Nathaniel |url=https://news.vice.com/article/belizes-island-paradise-is-caught-up-in-a-bloods-vs-crips-floating-drug-war |title=Belize’s Island Paradise Is Caught Up in a Bloods Vs Crips Floating Drug War |publisher=Vice News |date=September 3, 2014 |accessdate=September 19, 2016 }} 31. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|title=The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. and Europe|publisher=Springer Journal|isbn=9401008825|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccTcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT321&lpg=PT321&dq=crips+hague+holland&source=bl&ots=1ClOB25mER&sig=s7OQdBrAUOeMzlmJ3-O_bnhwgJs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcgLuI2_zOAhWry4MKHUzRDSEQ6AEITDAH#v=onepage&q=crips%20hague%20holland&f=false}} 32. ^1 {{cite book|title=Crips.nl: 15 jaar gangcultuur in Nederland|publisher=Saul van Stapele|isbn=9050005284|url=https://books.google.nl/books/about/Crips_nl.html?id=nFWaAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y}} 33. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Policing multiple communities|publisher=Cahiers Politiestudies|isbn=9046603326|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=MRMnio7vQGUC&pg=PA207&lpg=PA207&dq=eight+tray+crips+nederland&source=bl&ots=1I9a7aRzcH&sig=ACfU3U2dvmIl1wgN3qyytGOEvYuMTjSLNA&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHo9TgobLhAhVCalAKHRO3D50Q6AEwFnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=eight%20tray%20crips%20nederland&f=false}} 34. ^Rollin200 ,Rollin200 Main Triad Neighborhood Crips 35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/how-the-gangs-of-melbourne-have-moved-police-and-community-groups-to-search-for-answers-20120817-24dzt.html |title=How the 'gangs' of Melbourne have moved police and community groups to search for answers |newspaper=The Age |date=August 18, 2012 |accessdate=January 23, 2017 }} 36. ^https://archive.org/stream/ERIC_ED388745/ERIC_ED388745_djvu.txt 2 : Crips sets|Lists of gangs |
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