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词条 List of destroyers of India
释义

  1. Commissioned ships

     Kolkata class  Delhi class  Rajput class 

  2. Decommissioned ships

     R class  Hunt class 

  3. Future ships

     Visakhapatnam class 

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. Further reading

  8. External links

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoueverable, long-distance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers.[1][2] Seventeen destroyers have served, or currently serve, in the Indian Navy. The navy operates 11 guided-missile destroyers from three classes: {{sclass-|Kolkata|destroyer|4}}, {{sclass-|Delhi|destroyer|4}}, and {{sclass-|Rajput|destroyer|4}}.[3] Six other destroyers (three R class and three {{sclass2-|Hunt|destroyer|4}}) have been decommissioned and scrapped.[4][5]

Although destroyers were introduced during the early 20th century and were widely used by the end of World War II, India had none until 1949.[4] The R-class {{INS|Ranjit|1949|6}}, built in the United Kingdom, was the first destroyer commissioned in the Indian Navy.[7] Two more R-class ships were later commissioned.[4] Three Hunt-class destroyers were commissioned in 1953 to succeed the R-class destroyers.[4] These ships (all of which were built in the United Kingdom) were decommissioned by 1976, with the Hunt-class {{INS|Godavari|D92|6}} the last.[10][11][12]

During the 1980s, India signed an agreement with the Soviet Union for five guided-missile destroyers, built under Rajput class.[13] The first ship ({{INS|Rajput|D51|6}}) of the class was commissioned on 30 September 1980. All five Rajput-class ships are still in active service.[14] The Rajput class was succeeded by the Delhi class, with {{INS|Delhi|D61|6}}, {{INS|Mysore|D60|2}} and {{INS|Mumbai|D62|2}} commissioned in 1997, 1999 and 2001 respectively.[15] The Delhi-class destroyers, built in India,[15] were succeeded by the Kolkata class in 2014.[17] The three Kolkata-class ships have been commissioned in 2014–2016, with {{INS|Chennai|D65|6}} being the last.[18] An improvement of the Kolkata-class, {{INS|Visakhapatnam|D66|6}} (part of the {{sclass-|Visakhapatnam|destroyer|4}}), was introduced in April 2015 and will reportedly be commissioned by the end of 2018. Three more vessels are planned as part of the Visakhapatnam class.[19]

Commissioned ships

Eleven destroyers from three classes are in active service.[20] {{INS|Kolkata|D63|6}}, the lead ship of the {{sclass-|Kolkata|destroyer|3}} with about 7,500 tonnes of displacement, is the largest.[5] A total of three Kolkata-class ships are currently in service with the Indian Navy. The Kolkata-class destroyers were preceded by the {{sclass-|Delhi|destroyer|2}} which entered service with the 1997 of its lead ship, {{INS|Delhi|D61|6}}. The Delhi class were the first destroyers built in India. The {{sclass-|Rajput|destroyer|0}} destroyers, which preceded the Delhi class, consists of five ships built in the Soviet Union and were commissioned from 1980 to 1990.[13]

Kolkata class

The Kolkata class (Project 15A) is a class of guided missile destroyers with stealth technology.[17] By the year 2000, the Indian Navy had redesigned the follow-on Kolkata class to improve technology (including modern stealth characteristics) and in May of that year, approval for the construction was given. Concept and function for Project 15A was framed by the navy's Directorate of Naval Design, while the detailed design was developed by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL).[6] It consists of three ships (Kolkata, Kochi and Chennai), built by Mazagon Dock Limited, which are the navy's largest destroyers. Due to construction delays and a problem discovered during sea trials, the first ship's commission was postponed from 2010 to 2014.[7]

Although the dimensions of Kolkata-class ships are similar to the previous Delhi class, their weaponry, sensors and helicopter systems have been upgraded.[8] With a standard displacement of {{convert|6800|t|abbr=on}} and a full-load displacement of {{convert|7400|t|abbr=on}} (two sources reported a full-load displacement of {{convert|7500|t|abbr=on}}),[5][9] they are the navy's largest destroyers.[29]

The ships' main air-defence armament is two 4x8-cell vertical launching systems (VLS) allowing up to 32 Barak 8 (medium- to long-range) missiles.[10] Four AK-630 CIWS are fitted for near defence.[17]

The Kolkata-class ships' primary offensive armament is supersonic BrahMos anti-ship and land-attack missiles.[11] The BrahMos missiles are fitted into a 16-cell universal vertical launcher module (UVLM) allowing one missile per launch silo; all 16 missiles can be fired in salvo.[12] A distinctive armament of the Kolkata class is its {{convert|76|mm|abbr=on}} gun forward of the bridge. The 76 mm gun provides limited anti-shipping and anti-air capability in addition to naval gunfire support for land-based operations.[17] For anti-submarine warfare, the class is equipped with a torpedo-launching system (with four torpedo tubes) and two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers.[17][13] Bharat Electronics Limited's electronic modular command and control applications (EMCCA) Mk4 provides combat management.[14]

ShipPictureArmamentDisplacementServiceOrigin
Laid downCommissioned
{{INS|Kolkata|D63[15][16]
  • 4 × 8-cell VLS for Barak 8 LR-SAM missiles
  • 2 × 8-cell UVLM for 16 BrahMos anti-ship and land-attack missiles
  • 76 mm Oto Melara SRGM gun
  • 4 × AK-630 CIWS
  • 4 × Mark 46 torpedo tubes
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine rockets[17]
 7,400 tonnes[17] 26 September 2003[18] 16 August 2014[15]India[19][20]
{{INS|Kochi|D64[46][21]7,500 tonnes[22]25 October 2005[22]30 September 2015[22]
{{INS|Chennai|D65[23]21 February 2006[24]21 November 2016[23][25]

Delhi class

The Delhi-class vessels are the third-largest warships designed and built in India, after the Kolkata-class destroyers and the {{sclass-|Shivalik|frigate|1}}s. They were built by Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.[20] Delhi-class design has Soviet and Western influences, incorporating elements of the {{sclass-|Sovremenny|destroyer|5}}, Rajput and Kashin-II-class destroyers and the {{sclass-|Godavari|frigate|0}} frigate.[26]

Delhi-class vessels are fitted with flag facilities, enabling them to act as command unit in task groups.[26] The vessels are equipped to enable operation in a nuclear, biological and chemical warfare environment.[27] For primary air defence, Delhi class is fitted with 9K-90 Uragan air-defence system comprising a pair of 3S-90 single-arm launchers and 9M38M1 Shtil missiles. One launcher is installed forward of the bridge and the other atop the dual helicopter hangar. Each launcher carries a 24 missile magazine for a total of 48 rounds.[28] The Delhi class is being upgraded with the Rafael Barak 1 point air defence missile system. It has a pair of eight-cell vertical launch systems and missile command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) radar guidance with a range of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.[15]

The ships have a five 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes, which can be used to launch SET 65E active/passive homing torpedo and Type 53-65 wake homing torpedo, and is capable of hitting targets ranging from {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}} to {{convert|19|km|abbr=on}}. They are equipped with two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers with 12 tubes. They carry a {{convert|31|kg|abbr=on}} warhead and have a range of {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}}.[15]

ShipPictureArmamentDisplacementServiceOrigin
Laid downCommissioned
{{INS|Delhi|D61
  • 16 × Kh-35 Switchblade (SS-N-25) SSM (4 quadruple launchers)
  • 16 × Barak 1 (2 8-cell) VLS missiles
  • 2 × Uragan SAM systems (48 9M38M1 Shtil missiles)
  • 100 mm AK-100 gun
  • 2 × 30 mm AK-630 rotary cannons
  • 2 × RBU-6000 213 mm anti-submarine mortar arrays
  • Quintuple {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|order=flip|0}} torpedo tubes[15][26]
6,200 tonnes[29] 14 December 1987[30] 15 November 1997[30]India[20]
{{INS|Mysore|D602 February 1991[30]2 June 1999[30]
{{INS|Mumbai|D6214 December 1992[30]22 January 2001[30]

Rajput class

The Rajput-class guided-missile destroyers built for the Indian Navy (also known as Kashin-II class) are modified versions of Soviet Kashin-class destroyers. The ships were built in the former Soviet Union with Indian modifications to the Kashin design. These included the replacement of the helicopter pad in the original design with a flight elevator (to transports flights, aircraft, and helicopters, from hangar deck to flight deck, and changes to the electronics and combat systems. Five units were built for export to India during the 1980s.[13]

The Rajput class inherited its anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare roles for aircraft carrier task-force defence against submarines, low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles from the Kashin class.

They were the first ships in the Indian Navy to deploy the BrahMos supersonic cruise-missile systems, deployed during a mid-life refit of the ships. The missile system has four missiles in inclined, bow-mounted launchers (replacing two SS-N-2D Styx AShM launchers in {{INS|Rajput|D51|6}}) and an eight-cell VLS system replacing {{INS|Ranvir|D54|6}} and {{INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}'s aft S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launchers. Ranvijay was deployed with an updated vertical launcher for the BrahMos missile.[13][14][31] The Indian Navy is planning to upgrade the propulsion of Rajput-class ships with an indigenously-developed Kaveri marine gas turbine (KMGT) engine. The Defence Research and Development Organisation Gas Turbine Research Establishment is developing this engine, which is currently being tested.[32]

ShipPictureArmamentDisplacementCommissionedOrigin
{{INS|Rajput|D51
  • 4 × Brahmos supersonic missiles and 2 SS-N-2D Styx AShM missiles
  • Dhanush ballistic missile
  • 2 × S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launchers
  • 76.2 mm main gun
  • 4 × 30 mm AK-230 CIWS
  • 533 mm PTA quintuple torpedo tube launcher
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars[13][14]
4,974 tonnes[14] 30 September 1980[14]India[33][20]
[34]
{{INS|Rana|D52
  • 4 × SS-N-2D Styx AShM missiles
  • 2 × S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launchers
  • 76.2 mm main gun
  • 4 × 30 mm AK-230 CIWS
  • 533 mm PTA quintuple torpedo tube launcher
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars[33][34]
28 June 1982[34]
{{INS|Ranjit|D53
  • 4 × SS-N-2D Styx AShM missiles
  • 2 × S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launchers
  • 76.2 mm main gun
  • 4 × 30 mm AK-630M CIWS
  • 533 mm PTA quintuple torpedo tube launcher
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars[33][34]
Muhammad|1999|p=276}}
{{INS|Ranvir|D54
  • 8 × Brahmos aft VLS and 4 SS-N-2D Styx AShM missiles
  • S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launcher
  • 2 × Barak SAM 8-cell launchers
  • 2 × 30 mm AK-630M CIWS
  • 533 mm PTA quintuple torpedo tube launcher
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars[33][34]
28 August 1986[34]
{{INS|Ranvijay|D55Shankar|2005|p=236}}

Decommissioned ships

All presently-decommissioned Indian Navy destroyers were built in the United Kingdom. The R-class {{INS|Ranjit|1949|6}} was the first destroyer commissioned by the navy; two more R-class ships were later commissioned.[4] Three {{sclass2-|Hunt|destroyer|0}} destroyers were commissioned in 1953 to succeed the R-class destroyers.[4] The R-class {{INS|Rana|D115|6}} was decommissioned on 30 June 1973, the first decommissioned destroyer. It was followed by {{INS|Rajput|D141|6}} in 1973, {{INS|Ranjit|D209|6}}, {{INS|Gomati|D93|6}} and {{INS|Ganga|D94|6}} in 1975 and {{INS|Godavari|D92|6}} in 1976. All the British-built ships were decommissioned by 1976.[4][4]

R class

The R class was a class of sixteen War Emergency Programme destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1940 as the 3rd and 4th Emergency Flotilla. The Q and R class repeated the preceding O and P class, reverting to the larger J, K and N-class hull to allow for increased top weight (maximum permissible weight). Since they had fewer main guns than the J, K and Ns, magazine space was replaced by fuel bunkers{{Sfn|Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}} allowing for {{convert|4675|nmi|km}} at {{convert|20|kn|km/h}} (compared with the {{convert|3700|nmi|km|abbr=on}} of their ancestors). Like the O and P classes, they were armed with available weapons: 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns on single mountings allowing only 40° of elevation. As a result, on paper they do not compare favourably with many of their contemporaries. These ships used the Fuze Keeping Clock HA Fire Control Computer.{{Sfn|Hodges|1979|p=15}} The R class repeated the Qs, except that the officers' accommodation was moved from the traditional right aft to a more accessible location amidships.{{Sfn|Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}

ShipPictureArmamentDisplacementServiceOriginFate
Laid downCommissioned
(Royal Navy)		Commissioned
(Indian Navy)		Decommissioned
INS Rajput (D141)[35][36]
  • 4 × QF 4.7-inch (120-mm) Mk.IX guns, single-mount CP Mk.XVIII
  • 4 × QF 2# Mk.VIII (40 mm L39), quad-mount Mk.VII
  • 6 × QF 20 mm Oerlikon, single-mount P Mk.III
  • 8 × 2x4 tubes for {{convert|21|inch|mm|sing=on}} torpedoes Mk.IX
  • Up to 3 throwers & racks for 45 depth charges[4]
2,449 tonnes{{Sfn|Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}United Kingdom {{Sfn|Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}scrapped[37]{{Sfn|Singh|1992|p=56}}
{{INS|Ranjit|1949|6[38][39]Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}
INS Rana (D115)[40][41]Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}Friedman|2012|pp=88–90, 94, 98–99, 107, 138}}{{Sfn|Friedman|2011|p=102}}

Hunt class

The Hunt class was a class of Royal Navy escort destroyer. The first ships were ordered early in 1939 and the class saw extensive service in World War II, particularly on the British east coast and in Mediterranean convoys. The Hunts were modelled on the 1938 escort sloop {{HMS|Bittern|L07|2}}, a {{convert|262|ft|m|0|sing=on}} ship of 1,190 tons with {{convert|3300|shp|abbr=on}} on geared turbines for {{frac|18|3|4}} knots and an armament of three twin Mark XIX mounts for the QF {{convert|4|in|mm|0|sing=on}} Mark XVI gun. The guns were controlled by a Fuze Keeping Clock AA fire-control computer when engaging aircraft. The Hunt class had the same armament with a quadruple QF 2-pounder-mount Mark VII on a hull of the same length, but with {{convert|8|ft|m|0}} less beam and installed power raised to {{convert|19000|shp|abbr=on}} to give {{convert|27|kn|km/h|0}}. The first twenty were ordered in March and April 1939. They were constructed to Admiralty standards (like contemporary destroyers), unlike frigates which followed mercantile practice.[42][43][44]

ShipPictureArmamentDisplacementServiceOriginFate
Laid downCommissioned
(Royal Navy)		Commissioned
(Indian Navy)		Decommissioned
INS Godavari (D92)[45]
  • 6 × 102 mm QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval guns (3 twin turrets)
  • 4 × 40 mm pom-pom cannons
  • 2–4 × 20 mm antiaircraft cannons
  • 2 depth charge launchers
  • 4 depth charge throwers[10]
1,450 tonnes[46] 1940[46] 17 April 1942[46]27 April 1953[46]1976[46]United Kingdom[44]scrapped{{Sfn|Singh|1992|p=56}}[11][12][44]
INS Gomati (D93)[47]
  • 6 × QF 4 in Mark XVI guns on twin mounts Mk. XIX
  • 4 × QF 2# Mk. VIII on quad mount MK.VII
  • 2 × (later 4) 20 mm Oerlikons on single mounts P Mk. III
  • 110 depth charges, 2 throwers, 3 racks[11][12]
10 April 1940[48]16 August 1941[48]24 April 1953[48]1975[48]
{{INS|Ganga|D94[49]1 March 1940[50]October 1941[50]18 June 1953[50]1975[50]

Future ships

The {{sclass-|Visakhapatnam|destroyer|4}}, with enhanced attack and stealth capabilities, are planned to succeed the Kolkata class. Of the four Visakhapatnam-class ships, two ({{INS|Visakhapatnam|D66|6}} and {{INS|Mormugao|D67|6}}) are under construction and the other two (INS Porbandar and INS Paradip) are in the planning stage.[51]

Visakhapatnam class

The Visakhapatnam class (Project 15B) is a class of stealth guided missile destroyers under construction. An improved version of the Kolkata class and ordered in 2011, the first Visakhapatnam-class ship is expected to be completed in 2018.[52][132] The class will have enhanced stealth characteristics and state-of-the-art weaponry and sensors, including the long-range Barak 8 surface-to-air missile. The first ship's keel was laid in October 2013. The Visakhapatnam class will be armed with a 127 mm main gun and an AK-630 close-in anti-missile gun system.[53][54]

ShipArmamentDisplacementLaid downLaunchedStatusOrigin
{{INS|Visakhapatnam
  • 2 x 16-cell VLS[55] for Barak 8 missiles (range {{convert|0.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}})[56][57]
  • 2 × 8-cell UVLM for 16 BrahMos anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles[55]
  • 127 mm gun Oto Melara SRGM
  • 4 × AK-630 CIWS
  • 4 × 533 mm torpedo tubes
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers[58]
7,400 tonnes[58]12 October 2013[59]20 April 2016[58]Under constructionIndia[60]
{{INS|Mormugao4 June 2015[61]17 September 2016[62]Under construction
INS Paradip19 May 2017[63]PendingLaid Down
INS PorbandarPendingPendingPlanned

See also

  • List of active Indian Navy ships
  • Future of the Indian Navy
  • List of ships of the Indian Navy
  • List of submarines of the Indian Navy
  • List of frigates of the Indian Navy

Notes

Footnotes
1. ^{{cite web|title=Definition of destroyer|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/destroyer|website=Oxford University Press|accessdate=24 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817094314/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/destroyer|archivedate=17 August 2016|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Definition of Destroyer|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/destroyer|website=Merriam Webster|accessdate=24 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809125135/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/destroyer|archivedate=9 August 2016|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Surface Ships|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/surface-ships|website=Indian Navy|publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of India|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724220939/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/surface-ships|archivedate=24 July 2016|df=}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Hunt class Destroyers|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-aaHunt-class.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=16 October 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205422/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-aaHunt-class.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Navy gets its largest destroyer|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-gets-its-largest-destroyer/article6205050.ece|accessdate=11 July 2016|work=The Hindu|date=13 July 2014|language=en-IN|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303141734/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-gets-its-largest-destroyer/article6205050.ece|archivedate=3 March 2018|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web|author1=Shukla, Ajai|title=World-class warships at Indian prices|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=320123|website=Business Standard|accessdate=9 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607145746/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=320123|archivedate=7 June 2011|df=}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Navy's ongoing hunt for heavy torpedoes leads to delay in modernisation process|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-navy-hits-modernisation-crisis-no-weapons-tarpedoes/1/279309.html|accessdate=20 July 2013|newspaper=India Today|date=10 June 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717085017/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-navy-hits-modernisation-crisis-no-weapons-tarpedoes/1/279309.html|archivedate=17 July 2013|df=}}
8. ^{{cite news|last1=Shukla|first1=Ajai|title=Dangerous consequences of warships built in India|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/dangerous-consequences-of-warships-built-in-india/20120820.htm|accessdate=9 June 2014|website=Rediff News|date=20 August 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172551/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/dangerous-consequences-of-warships-built-in-india/20120820.htm|archivedate=14 July 2014|df=}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.defenceexpress.com/index.php/navy/item/277-largest-destroyer-project-of-navy-hit-by-delay|title=Largest destroyer project of Navy hit by delay|website=Defence Express|date=6 June 2013|accessdate=15 July 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810205631/http://www.defenceexpress.com/index.php/navy/item/277-largest-destroyer-project-of-navy-hit-by-delay|archivedate=10 August 2014|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=On INS Kolkata, PM is Only Partially Correct|url=http://www.ndtv.com/opinion/on-ins-kolkata-pm-is-only-partially-correct-654566|website=NDTV|accessdate=29 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608020247/http://www.ndtv.com/opinion/on-ins-kolkata-pm-is-only-partially-correct-654566|archivedate=8 June 2016|df=}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=First test of BrahMos land-attack variant from the sea|url=http://brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=60#|accessdate=17 July 2013|newspaper=India Today|date=5 March 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105033616/http://brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=60|archivedate=5 November 2013|df=}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=BrahMos missile test-fired from warship INS Kolkata|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BrahMos-missile-test-fired-from-warship-INS-Kolkata/articleshow/36295940.cms|accessdate=9 June 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=9 June 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609160908/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BrahMos-missile-test-fired-from-warship-INS-Kolkata/articleshow/36295940.cms|archivedate=9 June 2014|df=}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Project 15-A Improved Delhi / VIshakhapattanam / DDGHM Kolkata|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-project-15a.htm|website=GlobalSecurity.org|accessdate=16 June 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404170816/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-project-15a.htm|archivedate=4 April 2013|df=}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Country's most potent indigenous warship joins service this month|url=http://spsnavalforces.com/exclusive/?id=18&h=Country-s-most-potent-indigenous-warship-joins-service-this-month|website=SP's Naval Forces|accessdate=29 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821171744/http://spsnavalforces.com/exclusive/?id=18&h=Country-s-most-potent-indigenous-warship-joins-service-this-month|archivedate=21 August 2016|df=}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=INS Kolkata|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1183|website=Indian Navy|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819185937/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1183|archivedate=19 August 2016|df=}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=India welcomes its first home-built warship|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2726840/India-welcomes-home-built-warship-PM-Modi-commissions-INS-Kolkata-Defence-Minister-prepares-launch-INS-Kamorta.html|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=Daily Mail UK|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918074740/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2726840/India-welcomes-home-built-warship-PM-Modi-commissions-INS-Kolkata-Defence-Minister-prepares-launch-INS-Kamorta.html|archivedate=18 September 2016|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=INS Kolkata|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1183|website=Indian Navy|accessdate=2 August 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819185937/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1183|archivedate=19 August 2016|df=}}
18. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009|date=2008|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon|isbn=978-0710628459|page=326|edition=111th|chapter=India}}
19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Kolkata Class Guided Missile Destroyers|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kolkata-class-guided-missile-destroyers/|website=Naval Technology|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205523/https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kolkata-class-guided-missile-destroyers/|archivedate=25 February 2018|df=}}
20. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class|website=Indian Navy|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630163214/http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class|archivedate=30 June 2016|df=}}
21. ^{{cite news|title=India's deadliest naval warship INS Kochi commissioned in Mumbai|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/indias-deadliest-naval-warship-ins-kochi-commissioned-today/|accessdate=10 July 2016|work=Indian Express|date=30 September 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720172209/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/indias-deadliest-naval-warship-ins-kochi-commissioned-today/|archivedate=20 July 2016|df=}}
22. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=INS Kochi|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1187|website=Indian Navy|accessdate=2 August 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719042631/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1187|archivedate=19 July 2016|df=}}
23. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Largest-ever-Made-in-India-warship-INS-Chennai-commissioned/articleshow/55537416.cms |title=Largest-ever 'Made-in-India' warship INS Chennai commissioned |publisher=The Times of India |publication-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=21 November 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104857/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Largest-ever-Made-in-India-warship-INS-Chennai-commissioned/articleshow/55537416.cms |archivedate=21 November 2016 |df= }}
24. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2016–2017|date=2016|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon|isbn=978-0710631855|page=346|edition=119th|chapter=India}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Guided Missile Destroyer INS Chennai Joins the Indian Navy|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/guided-missile-destroyer-ins-chennai-joins-indian-navy|website=Indian Navy|accessdate=21 November 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121234037/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/guided-missile-destroyer-ins-chennai-joins-indian-navy|archivedate=21 November 2016|df=}}
26. ^1 2 {{cite magazine|last=Annati|first=Massimo|date=November 2004|volume=28|issue=11|title=The Asian DDG Race|magazine=Military Technology|pages=31–39|location=Bonne|publisher=Mönch Publishing Group|issn=07223226}}
27. ^{{cite journal|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|title=Indian-built destroyer to be commissioned|journal=Jane's Defence Weekly|date=17 September 1997|location=Horley|issn=02653818}}
28. ^{{cite magazine|last=Khan|first=M A|date=September 1998|volume=22|issue=9|title=DELHI and beyond|magazine=Military Technology|pages=68–70|location=Bonne|publisher=Mönch Publishing Group|issn=07223226}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/delhi-class |title=IN Ships-Destroyers-Delhi Class |publisher=Indian Navy |date= |accessdate=2011-12-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127113140/http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/delhi-class |archivedate=27 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
30. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005|date=2004|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon|isbn=978-0710626233|page=308|edition=107th|chapter=India}}
31. ^{{cite web|author1=Makiyenko, Konstantin |title=BrahMos sets the 'gold standard' for Russian-Indian defence projects|url=https://in.rbth.com/articles/2011/08/22/brahmos_sets_the_gold_standard_for_russian-indian_defence_projects_12899|website=Russia & India Report|accessdate=1 August 2016|language=en-IN|date=22 August 2011}}
32. ^{{cite web|author1=Kar, Sitanshu|title=Modified Kaveri Engine to Propel Indian Navy Ships|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=40470|website=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=1 August 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815022742/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=40470|archivedate=15 August 2016|df=}}
33. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|title=Rajput Class Guided-Missile Destroyer|url=http://www.military-today.com/navy/rajput_class.htm|website=Military Today|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804173904/http://www.military-today.com/navy/rajput_class.htm|archivedate=4 August 2016|df=}}
34. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|author1=Pike, John|title=D 51 Rajput Class|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-rajput.htm|website=GlobalSecurity.org|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011085030/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-rajput.htm|archivedate=11 October 2016|df=}}
35. ^Formerly HMS Rotherham (H09).
36. ^1 {{cite web|title=HMS Rotherham (H 09)|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-52R-Rotherham.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195352/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-52R-Rotherham.htm|archivedate=3 March 2016|df=}}
37. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|author1=Pike, John|title=R-Class|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-r.htm|website=GlobalSecurity.org|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011085312/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-r.htm|archivedate=11 October 2016|df=}}
38. ^Formerly HMS Redoubt (H41).
39. ^{{cite web|title=HMS Redoubt, destroyer; INS Ranjit|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-53R-Redoubt.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613090552/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-53R-Redoubt.htm|archivedate=13 June 2017|df=}}
40. ^Formerly HMS Raider (H15).
41. ^{{cite web|title=HMS Raider; INS Rana|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-53R-Raider.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112107/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-53R-Raider.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
42. ^{{cite web|title=British Hunt-class escort destroyers, WW2|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-aaHunt-class.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=29 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205422/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-aaHunt-class.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
43. ^{{cite web|title=Allied Warships of WWII: Escort destroyers – Hunt (Type I) class|author=Helgason, Guðmundur|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/class/22.html|website=Uboat.net|accessdate=29 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820104717/http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/class/22.html|archivedate=20 August 2010|df=}}
44. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Allied Warships of WWII: Escort destroyers – Hunt (Type II) class uboat.net|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/class/401.html|website=Uboat.net|author=Helgason, Guðmundur|accessdate=29 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820193201/http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/class/401.html|archivedate=20 August 2010|df=}}
45. ^Formerly HMS Bedale.
46. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=ORP Slazak, Polish escort destroyer, ex-HMS Bedale|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-Bedale.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054820/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-Bedale.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
47. ^Formerly HMS Lamerton (L88).
48. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=HMS Lamerton, escort destroyer|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-Lamerton.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203934/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-Lamerton.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
49. ^Formerly HMS Chiddingfold (L31).
50. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=HMS Chiddingfold, escort destroyer|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-Chiddingfold.htm|website=Naval History|accessdate=10 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211850/http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DE-Chiddingfold.htm|archivedate=3 March 2016|df=}}
51. ^{{cite news|title=Bengaluru's loss is Vizag's gain in naming warship|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/472134/bengalurus-loss-vizags-gain-naming.html|accessdate=11 July 2016|work=Deccan Herald|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122122/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/472134/bengalurus-loss-vizags-gain-naming.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
52. ^{{cite news|title=Navy's Next Destroyer Line Christened Visakhapatnam-class, 1st Launch Next Week|url=http://www.livefistdefence.com/2015/04/navys-next-destroyer-line-christened.html|accessdate=16 April 2015|work=LiveFist defence|date=15 April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415082844/http://www.livefistdefence.com/2015/04/navys-next-destroyer-line-christened.html|archivedate=15 April 2015|df=}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/all-about-the-ins-visakhapatnam-navys-newest-destroyer-755476|title=All About the INS Visakhapatnam, Navy's Most Powerful Destroyer|work=NDTV|last=Som|first=Vishnu|date=17 April 2015|accessdate=16 April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416165411/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/all-about-the-ins-visakhapatnam-navys-newest-destroyer-755476|archivedate=16 April 2015|df=}}
54. ^{{cite news|title=Keel Laid For Yard 12704 (1st ship of P15 Bravo)|url=http://www.mazagondock.gov.in/newsite2010/pdfs/msg/KEEL%20LAID%20FOR%20YARD%2012704.pdf|accessdate=9 June 2014|website=Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders|date=12 October 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202183511/http://www.mazagondock.gov.in/newsite2010/pdfs/msg/KEEL%20LAID%20FOR%20YARD%2012704.pdf|archivedate=2 February 2014|df=}}
55. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://thediplomat.com/2015/04/china-beware-here-comes-indias-most-powerful-destroyer/|title=China Beware: Here Comes India's Most Powerful Destroyer|last=Gady|first=Franz-Stefan|website=The Diplomat|access-date=1 May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526214851/http://thediplomat.com/2015/04/china-beware-here-comes-indias-most-powerful-destroyer/|archivedate=26 May 2016|df=}}
56. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp#.VoO8K0vraSE |author=Dutta, Sujan |title=Israel ship missile test for India |website=The Telegraph |date=28 November 2015 |accessdate=16 October 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104040421/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp#.VoO8K0vraSE |archivedate=4 November 2016 |df= }}
57. ^{{cite web |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms |title=Gen Next missile defence shield built by Israel and India clears first hurdle |author=Pandit, Rajit |website=The Times of India |date=28 November 2015 |accessdate=16 October 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202081522/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms |archivedate=2 December 2015 |df= }}
58. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=INS Visakhapatnam: 11 things you need to know about India's latest destroyer warship|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-visakhapatnam-11-things-you-need-to-know-about-india-s-latest-destroyer-warship-2078995|website=Daily News and Analysis|accessdate=17 October 2016|date=20 April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128100706/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-visakhapatnam-11-things-you-need-to-know-about-india-s-latest-destroyer-warship-2078995|archivedate=28 January 2017|df=}}
59. ^{{cite news|title=Keel Laid for P15 Bravo Ships|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIM%2F2013%2F10%2F25&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=28&EntityId=Ar02806&AppName=2|work=The Times of India|date=25 October 2013|location=Mumbai|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222192211/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIM%2F2013%2F10%2F25&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=28&EntityId=Ar02806&AppName=2|archivedate=22 February 2018|df=}}
60. ^1 {{cite web|title=Project 15B Improved Kolkata Class Destroyer|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-project-15b.htm|website=GlobalSecurity.org|accessdate=16 October 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003140926/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/d-project-15b.htm|archivedate=3 October 2016|df=}}
61. ^{{cite web|author1=Negi, Manjeet Singh|title=Indian Navy set to get second warship of Visakhapatnam class soon|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-navy-visakhapatnam-class-warship/1/764237.html|website=India Today|accessdate=16 October 2016|date=14 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104024252/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-navy-visakhapatnam-class-warship/1/764237.html|archivedate=4 November 2016|df=}}
62. ^{{cite news|title=Second warship of Visakhapatnam class launched in Mumbai|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/second-warship-of-visakhapatnam-class-launched-in-mumbai/article9118621.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|agency=PTI|date=17 September 2016|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303141734/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/second-warship-of-visakhapatnam-class-launched-in-mumbai/article9118621.ece|archivedate=3 March 2018|df=}}
63. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/fpjgallery/picture.php?/8173|title=Keel laid for the third ship of P15B class destroyers|work=The Free Press Journal|date=2017-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922205106/http://www.freepressjournal.in/fpjgallery/picture.php?%2F8173|archivedate=2017-09-22|df=dmy-all|deadurl=yes}}
Citations{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

References

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book|first1=Norman|last1=Friedman|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War & After|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-84832-015-4|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|first1=Norman|last1=Friedman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|year=2011|publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-84832-100-7 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |editor=Gove, Philip Babock |title=Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language|year=2002 |publisher=Merriam-Webster}}
  • {{cite book|first1=Peter|last1=Hodges|title=Destroyer Weapons of World War 2, Volume 3 of Warship Special|year=1979|publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich, United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-85177-137-3 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|first1=Mahmood bin|last1=Muhammad|title=A Policeman Ponders: Memories and Melodies of a Varied Life|year=1999|publisher=APH Publishing|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-7648-026-0|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|first1=Prasad|last1=Shankar|title=The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment|year=2005|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-7062-268-0|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Blueprint to Bluewater: The Indian Navy, 1951–65|year=1992|publisher=Lancer International|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-7062-148-5 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|first1=H.T.|last1=Lenton|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|year=1998 |location=London, United Kingdom |publisher=Greenhill Books|isbn=978-1-55750-048-9}}
  • {{cite book |last=Lyon |first=David |title=The First Destroyers |publisher=Chatham Publishing |location=London, United Kingdom |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-55750-271-1}}

External links

  • Indian Navy official website
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