“List of ixodid ticks of Sri Lanka”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about 2 million species of arthropods found in the world, and still it is counting. So many new species are discover up to this time also. So it is very complicated and difficult to summarize the exact number of species found within a certain region.

Ticks

Despite their poor reputation among human communities, ticks may play an ecological role by culling infirm animals and preventing overgrazing of plant resources.^[5]

The Ixodidae are a family of ticks containing the hard ticks. They are distinguished from the other main family of ticks, the soft ticks (Argasidae) by the presence of a scutum or hard shield.^[6] In both the nymph and the adult, a prominent capitulum (head) projects forwards from the animal's body; in the Argasidae, conversely, the capitulum is concealed beneath the body.

Of the 702 species in 14 genera,^[7] 27 species of hard ticks belonging to nine genera have been reported to date from Sri Lanka.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Family: Ixodidae

Soft ticks

The exact classification of soft ticks in Sri Lanka is not yet understood completely. Soft ticks are belongs to Argasidae.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

References

1. ^{{cite journal | year = 2004 | title = Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names | url = | journal = Parasitology | volume = 129 | issue = | pages = S15–S36 | doi = 10.1017/S0031182004005207 }}
2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Klompen JS, Black WC, Keirans JE, Oliver JH | year = 1996 | title = Evolution of ticks | url = | journal = Annual Review of Entomology | volume = 41 | issue = | pages = 141–61 | doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.41.1.141}}
3. ^{{cite journal | author = Anderson John F | year = 2002 | title = The natural history of ticks | url = | journal = Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 86 | issue = 2| pages = 205–218 | doi=10.1016/s0025-7125(03)00083-x}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://jnsfsl.sljol.info/articles/abstract/10.4038/jnsfsr.v43i3.7951/ |title=Diversity and distribution of tick species infesting goats with two new host records from Sri Lanka |publisher=Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka |accessdate=17 February 2018}}
5. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/science/would-eradicating-deer-ticks-hurt-the-ecosystem.html?_r=0 New York Times]
6. ^{{cite book |editor=Francis E. G. Cox |year=1993 |title=Modern parasitology: a textbook of parasitology |edition=2nd |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-0-632-02585-5 |author=D. H. Molyneux |chapter=Vectors |pages=53–74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj18axV3TTAC&pg=PA6}}
7. ^{{cite journal |author1=Alberto A. Guglielmone |author2=Richard G. Robbing |author3=Dmitry A. Apanaskevich |author4=Trevor N. Petney |author5=Agustín Estrada-Peña |author6=Ivan G. Horak |author7=Renfu Shao |author8=Stephen C. Barker |year=2010 |title=The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2528 |pages=1–28 |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02528p028f.pdf |format=PDF}}
8. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpSwBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=Neuroptera+in+Sri+Lanka&source=bl&ots=LcTbmG2FZn&sig=NRVkyCZxSMTBPQNF_4ulQAZxqhE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsrNzVw7_KAhUFGY4KHXwtC2EQ6AEIKDAC#v=onepage&q=Neuroptera%20in%20Sri%20Lanka&f=false | title=The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation | publisher=Google books | work=Amazon.com | accessdate=23 January 2016 | author=Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B.}}
9. ^{{cite web | url=http://frogsl.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Ticks-and-Fleas.pdf | title=Ticks and Fleas - FrogSL | publisher=FrogSL | accessdate=1 June 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pgia.ac.lk/files/Annual_congress/journel/v24_4/Journal-No%204/Papers/4-_19_%20D.%20Liyanaarachchi-OK.pdf | title=Epidemiological Study on Ticks in Farm Animals in Selected Areas | publisher=pgia.ac.lk | accessdate=1 June 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HnGBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA558&lpg=PA558&dq=ixodid+ticks+of+sri+lanka&source=bl&ots=iNwKX7q0H9&sig=or2d7R9GLQ3h4fkHfggU2NLN0UE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGlNn-rYfNAhWKs48KHX01DxUQ6AEITTAH | title=The Hard Ticks of the World: (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) | publisher=google books | accessdate=1 June 2016 |author1=Alberto A. Guglielmone |author2=Richard G. Robbins |author3=Dmitry A. Apanaskevich }}
12. ^{{cite journal | title=Seasonal dynamics of spinose ear tick Otobius megnini associated with horse otoacariasis in Sri Lanka. | journal=Acta Trop. | pmid=27012721 | doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.025 | volume=159 | pages=170–5 | last1 = Diyes | first1 = GC | last2 = Rajakaruna | first2 = RS}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/31812.pdf | title=Soft Ticks as Pathogen Vectors: Distribution, Surveillance and Control | publisher=Parasitology | accessdate=11 February 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89702169/life-cycle-ornithodoros-rostratus-acari-argasidae-under-experimental-conditions-comments-host-parasite-relationship-pantanal-wetland-region-brazil | title=Life cycle of Ornithodoros rostratus (Acari: Argasidae) under experimental conditions and comments on the host-parasite relationship in the Pantanal wetland region, Brazil | publisher=Parasitology | accessdate=11 February 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19641000462 | title=The ticks (Ixodoidea) of Ceylon. Part I. Argasidae. | publisher= Ceylon Veterinary Journal | accessdate=11 February 2017}}