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词条 List of parties to the Paris Agreement
释义

  1. History

  2. Parties

     European Union and its member states   {{anchor|US withdrawal}} Withdrawal from Agreement  

  3. Signatories

  4. Non-signatories

  5. Notes and references

      Notes    References  

The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The Agreement aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.[1]

History

The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015.[2][3] The Agreement was open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the UNFCCC (the Convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York.[4] The agreement stated that it would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) only if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list produced in 2015)[5] ratify, accept, approve or accede to the agreement.[6][7] On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which together represent almost 40% of global emissions, issued a joint statement confirming that both countries would sign the Paris Climate Agreement.[8][9] 175 Parties (174 states and the European Union) signed the agreement on the first date it was open for signature.[10][11] On the same day, more than 20 countries issued a statement of their intent to join as soon as possible with a view to joining in 2016. With ratification by the European Union, the Agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect as of 4 November 2016.

Parties

As of February 2019, 194 states and the European Union have signed the Agreement. 184 states and the EU, representing more than 88% of global greenhouse gas emissions, have ratified or acceded to the Agreement, including China, the United States (who is intent on leaving) and India, the countries with three of the four largest greenhouse gas emissions of the UNFCC members total (about 42% together).[12][13][13] All 197 UNFCCC members have either signed or acceded to the Paris Agreement.

Party[12]Percentage of greenhouse
gases for ratification[5]		Date of signatureDate of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accessionDate of entry into force
{{Flag|Afghanistan}}0.05%22 April 2016}}15 February 2017}}17 March 2017}}
{{Flag|Albania}}0.02%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Algeria}}0.30%22 April 2016}}20 October 2016}}19 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Andorra}}0.00%22 April 2016}}24 March 2017}}23 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Argentina}}0.89%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Armenia}}0.02%20 September 2016}}23 March 2017}}22 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Australia}}1.46%22 April 2016}}9 November 2016}}9 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Austria}}{{efn|name=eu|Also covered by European Union ratification.}}0.21%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}0.13%22 April 2016}}9 January 2017}}8 February 2017}}
{{Flag|Bahamas, The}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 August 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Bahrain}}0.06%22 April 2016}}23 December 2016}}22 January 2017}}
{{Flag|Bangladesh}}0.27%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Barbados}}0.01%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Belarus}}0.24%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Belgium}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.32%22 April 2016}}6 April 2017}}6 May 2017}}
{{Flag|Belize}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Benin}}0.02%22 April 2016}}31 October 2016}}30 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Bhutan}}0.00%22 April 2016}}19 September 2017}}19 October 2017}}
{{Flag|Bolivia}}0.12%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}0.08%22 April 2016}}16 March 2017}}15 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Botswana}}0.02%22 April 2016}}11 November 2016}}11 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Brazil}}2.48%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Brunei}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="nocomm"}}}}22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Bulgaria}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.15%22 April 2016}}29 November 2016}}29 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}0.06%22 April 2016}}11 November 2016}}11 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Burundi}}0.07%22 April 2016}}17 January 2018}}16 February 2018}}
{{Flag|Cambodia}}0.03%22 April 2016}}6 February 2017}}8 March 2017}}
{{Flag|Cameroon}}0.45%22 April 2016}}29 July 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Canada}}1.95%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Cape Verde}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2017}}21 October 2017}}
{{Flag|Central African Republic}}0.01%22 April 2016}}11 October 2016}}10 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Chad}}0.06%22 April 2016}}12 January 2017}}11 February 2017}}
{{Flag|Chile}}[14]0.25%20 September 2016}}10 February 2017}}12 March 2017}}
{{Flag|China}}{{efn|Including Hong Kong and Macau.}}20.09%22 April 2016}}3 September 2016}}[15]4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Colombia}}0.41%22 April 2016}}12 July 2018}}11 August 2018}}
{{Flag|Comoros}}0.00%22 April 2016}}23 November 2016}}23 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}0.06%22 April 2016}}13 December 2017}}12 January 2018}}
{{Flag|Congo, Republic of the}}0.01%22 April 2016}}21 April 2017}}21 May 2017}}
{{Flag|Cook Islands}}0.00%24 June 2016}}1 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Costa Rica}}0.03%22 April 2016}}13 October 2016}}12 November 2016}}
{{Sort|Cote d'Ivoire|{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}}}0.73%22 April 2016}}25 October 2016}}24 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Croatia}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.07%22 April 2016}}24 May 2017}}23 June 2017}}
{{Flag|Cuba}}0.10%22 April 2016}}28 December 2016}}27 January 2017}}
{{Flag|Cyprus}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.02%22 April 2016}}4 January 2017}}3 February 2017}}
{{Flag|Czech Republic}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.34%22 April 2016}}5 October 2017}}4 November 2017}}
{{Flag|Denmark}}{{efn|Excluding Greenland.[16]}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.15%22 April 2016}}1 November 2016}}1 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Djibouti}}0.00%22 April 2016}}11 November 2016}}11 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Dominica}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}0.07%22 April 2016}}21 September 2017}}21 October 2017}}
{{Flag|East Timor}}0.00%22 April 2016}}16 August 2017}}15 September 2017}}
{{Flag|Ecuador}}0.67%26 July 2016}}20 September 2017}}20 October 2017}}
{{Flag|Egypt}}0.52%22 April 2016}}29 June 2017}}29 July 2017}}
{{Flag|El Salvador}}0.03%22 April 2016}}27 March 2017}}26 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="nocomm"|Emissions of parties to the UNFCCC that had not yet submitted their first national communication to the UNFCCC secretariat with an emissions inventory at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement were not included in the figure for entry into force of the Agreement.[5]}}}}22 April 2016}}30 October 2018}}29 November 2018}}
{{Flag|Estonia}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.06%22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}4 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Ethiopia}}0.13%22 April 2016}}9 March 2017}}8 April 2017}}
{{Flag|European Union}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|The emissions of the European Union are accounted for in the total of its individual member states.}}}}22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Fiji}}0.01%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Finland}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.17%22 April 2016}}14 November 2016}}14 December 2016}}
{{Flag|France}}{{efn|name=eu}}1.34%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Gabon}}0.02%22 April 2016}}2 November 2016}}2 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Gambia, The}}0.05%26 April 2016}}7 November 2016}}7 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Georgia}}0.03%22 April 2016}}8 May 2017}}7 June 2017}}
{{Flag|Germany}}{{efn|name=eu}}2.56%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Ghana}}0.09%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Greece}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.28%22 April 2016}}14 October 2016}}13 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Grenada}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Guatemala}}0.04%22 April 2016}}25 January 2017}}24 February 2017}}
{{Flag|Guinea}}0.01%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} 0.02%22 April 2016}}22 October 2018}}21 November 2018}}
{{Flag|Guyana}}0.01%22 April 2016}}20 May 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Haiti}}0.02%22 April 2016}}31 July 2017}}30 August 2017}}
{{Flag|Honduras}}0.03%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Hungary}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.15%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Iceland}}0.01%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|India}}4.10%22 April 2016}}2 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Indonesia}}1.49%22 April 2016}}31 October 2016}}30 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Ireland}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.16%22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}4 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Israel}}0.20%22 April 2016}}22 November 2016}}22 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Italy}}{{efn|name=eu}}1.18%22 April 2016}}11 November 2016}}11 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Jamaica}}0.04%22 April 2016}}10 April 2017}}10 May 2017}}
{{Flag|Japan}}3.79%22 April 2016}}8 November 2016}}8 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Jordan}}0.07%22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}4 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}0.84%2 August 2016}}6 December 2016}}5 January 2017}}
{{Flag|Kenya}}0.06%22 April 2016}}28 December 2016}}27 January 2017}}
{{Flag|Kiribati}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|North Korea}}0.23%22 April 2016}}1 August 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|South Korea}}1.85%22 April 2016}}3 November 2016}}3 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Kuwait}}0.09%22 April 2016}}23 April 2018}}23 May 2018}}
{{Flag|Laos}}0.02%22 April 2016}}7 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Latvia}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.03%22 April 2016}}16 March 2017}}15 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Lesotho}}0.01%22 April 2016}}20 January 2017}}19 February 2017}}
{{Flag|Liberia}}0.02%22 April 2016}}27 August 2018}}26 September 2018}}
{{Flag|Liechtenstein}}0.00%22 April 2016}}20 September 2017}}20 October 2017}}
{{Flag|Lithuania}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.05%22 April 2016}}2 February 2017}}4 March 2017}}
{{Flag|Luxembourg}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.03%22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}4 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Macedonia, Republic of}}0.03%22 April 2016}}9 January 2018}}8 February 2018}}
{{Flag|Madagascar}}0.08%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Malawi}}0.07%20 September 2016}}29 June 2017}}29 July 2017}}
{{Flag|Malaysia}}0.52%22 April 2016}}16 November 2016}}16 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Maldives}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Mali}}0.03%22 April 2016}}23 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Malta}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.01%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Marshall Islands}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Mauritania}}0.02%22 April 2016}}27 February 2017}}29 March 2017}}
{{Flag|Mauritius}}0.01%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Mexico}}1.70%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Micronesia}}0.00%22 April 2016}}15 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Moldova}}0.04%21 September 2016}}20 June 2017}}20 July 2017}}
{{Flag|Monaco}}0.00%22 April 2016}}24 October 2016}}23 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Mongolia}}0.05%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Montenegro}}0.01%22 April 2016}}20 December 2017}}19 January 2018}}
{{Flag|Morocco}}0.16%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Mozambique}}0.02%22 April 2016}}4 June 2018}}4 July 2018}}
{{Flag|Myanmar}}0.10%22 April 2016}}19 September 2017}}19 October 2017}}
{{Flag|Namibia}}0.01%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Nauru}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Nepal}}0.07%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}{{efn|For the European Part of the Netherlands.}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.53%22 April 2016}}28 July 2017}}27 August 2017}}
{{Flag|New Zealand}}{{efn|Extended to Tokelau[17] after initially excluding it.[18]}}0.22%22 April 2016}}4 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Nicaragua}}0.03%23 October 2017}}22 November 2017}}
{{Flag|Niger}}0.04%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Nigeria}}0.57%22 September 2016}}16 May 2017}}15 June 2017}}
{{Flag|Niue}}0.01%28 October 2016}}28 October 2016}}27 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Norway}}0.14%22 April 2016}}20 June 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Pakistan}}0.43%22 April 2016}}10 November 2016}}10 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Palau}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Palestine}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="notparty"|Emissions of states that were not a party to the UNFCCC at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement,[19] which were thus not permitted to sign the Agreement, were not included in the totals for entry into force for the Agreement.}}}}22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Panama}}0.03%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}0.01%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Paraguay}}0.06%22 April 2016}}14 October 2016}}13 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Peru}}0.22%22 April 2016}}25 July 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Philippines}}0.34%22 April 2016}}23 March 2017}}22 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Poland}}{{efn|name=eu}}1.06%22 April 2016}}7 October 2016}}6 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Portugal}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.18%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Qatar}}0.17%22 April 2016}}23 June 2017}}23 July 2017}}
{{Flag|Romania}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.30%22 April 2016}}1 June 2017}}1 July 2017}}
{{Flag|Rwanda}}0.02%22 April 2016}}6 October 2016}}5 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Saint Lucia}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}0.00%22 April 2016}}29 June 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Samoa}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|San Marino}}0.00%22 April 2016}}26 September 2018}}26 October 2018}}
{{Sort|Sao Tome and Principe|{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}}}0.00%22 April 2016}}2 November 2016}}2 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}0.80%3 November 2016}}3 November 2016}}3 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Senegal}}0.05%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Serbia}}0.18%22 April 2016}}25 July 2017}}24 August 2017}}
{{Flag|Seychelles}}0.00%25 April 2016}}29 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}0.98%{{efn>name="SL"|Though corresponding with the source the provided number for Sierra Leone's emissions is incorrect. According to World Bank data, the correct 2000 emissions for Sierra Leone is 14,763 kt CO2-equivalents (not 365,107 kt), or 0.04% of the world total (not 0.98%).[20]}}22 September 2016}}1 November 2016}}1 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Singapore}}0.13%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Slovakia}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.12%22 April 2016}}5 October 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Slovenia}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.05%22 April 2016}}16 December 2016}}15 January 2017}}
{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Somalia}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="nocomm"}}}}22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|South Africa}}1.46%22 April 2016}}1 November 2016}}1 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Spain}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.87%22 April 2016}}12 January 2017}}11 February 2017}}
{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}0.05%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Sudan}}0.18%22 April 2016}}2 August 2017}}1 September 2017}}
{{Flag|Suriname}} 0.01%22 April 2016}}13 February 2019}}15 March 2019}}
{{Flag|Swaziland}}0.05%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Sweden}}{{efn|name=eu}}0.15%22 April 2016}}13 October 2016}}12 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Switzerland}}0.14%22 April 2016}}6 October 2017}}5 November 2017}}
{{Flag|Syria}}0.21%13 November 2017}}13 December 2017}}
{{Flag|Tanzania}}0.11%22 April 2016}}18 May 2018}}17 June 2018}}
{{Flag|Tajikistan}}0.02%22 April 2016}}22 March 2017}}21 April 2017}}
{{Flag|Thailand}}0.64%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Togo}}0.02%19 September 2016}}28 June 2017}}28 July 2017}}
{{Flag|Tonga}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}0.04%22 April 2016}}22 February 2018}}24 March 2018}}
{{Flag|Tunisia}}0.11%22 April 2016}}10 February 2017}}12 March 2017}}
{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}0.20%23 September 2016}}20 October 2016}}19 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Tuvalu}}0.00%22 April 2016}}22 April 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Uganda}}0.07%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Ukraine}}1.04%22 April 2016}}19 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}0.53%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|United Kingdom}}{{efn|name=eu}}1.55%22 April 2016}}18 November 2016}}18 December 2016}}
{{Flag|United States}}{{efn|Notified the depositary of its intention to withdraw from the agreement.[25]}}17.89%22 April 2016}}3 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Uruguay}}0.05%22 April 2016}}19 October 2016}}18 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} 0.54%19 April 2017}}9 November 2018}}9 December 2018}}
{{Flag|Vanuatu}}0.00%22 April 2016}}21 September 2016}}4 November 2016}}
{{Flag|Venezuela}}0.52%22 April 2016}}21 July 2017}}20 August 2017}}
{{Flag|Vietnam}}0.72%22 April 2016}}3 November 2016}}3 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Zambia}}0.04%20 September 2016}}9 December 2016}}8 January 2017}}
{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}0.18%22 April 2016}}7 August 2017}}6 September 2017}}
Total89.32%[5]185[12]

European Union and its member states

Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states deposit their instruments of ratification at the same time to ensure that neither the EU nor its member states engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other,[21] and there were fears that disagreement over each individual member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's vote to leave the EU might delay the Paris pact.[22] However, the European Parliament approved ratification of the Paris Agreement on 4 October 2016,[23] and the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with several individual EU member states.[22]

{{anchor|US withdrawal}} Withdrawal from Agreement

{{see |United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement}}

Article 28 of the agreement enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the depositary, but notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country. Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified. Alternatively, the Agreement stipulates that withdrawal from the UNFCCC, under which the Paris Agreement was adopted, would also withdraw the state from the Paris Agreement. The conditions for withdrawal from the UNFCCC are the same as for the Paris Agreement. In the agreement no provisions for non compliance are stated.

On 1 June 2017, US President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the agreement.[24] In accordance with Article 28, as the agreement entered into force in the United States on 4 November 2016, the earliest possible effective withdrawal date for the United States is 4 November 2020. If it chooses to withdraw by way of withdrawing from the UNFCCC, notice could be given immediately (the UNFCCC entered into force for the US in 1994), and be effective one year later. On August 4, 2017, the Trump Administration delivered an official notice to the United Nations that the US intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it is legally eligible to do so.[25] The formal notice of withdrawal cannot be submitted until the agreement is in force for 3 years for the US, in 2019.[26][27]

According to a memo obtained by HuffPost believed to be written by US State Department legal office, any "attempts to withdraw from the Paris Agreement outside of the above-described withdrawal provisions would be inconsistent with international law and would not be accepted internationally."[28][29]

Signatories

A further 12 states have signed but not ratified the Paris Agreement.

Signatory[12] Percentage of greenhouse
gases for ratification[5]		 Date of signature
{{Flag|Angola}} 0.17%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Eritrea}} 0.01%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Iran}} 1.30%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Iraq}} 0.20%8 December 2016}}
{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} 0.03%21 September 2016}}
{{Flag|Lebanon}} 0.07%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Libya}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="nocomm"}}}}22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Oman}} 0.06%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Russia}} 7.53%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|South Sudan}}-1%|{{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="nocomm"}}}}22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Turkey}} 1.24%22 April 2016}}
{{Flag|Yemen}} 0.07%23 September 2016}}
Total 10.69% 12

Non-signatories

As per terms of the Paris Agreement, only UNFCCC member states are entitled to become parties to the Paris Agreement. The Holy See is an observer state of the UNFCCC and can accede to the Paris Agreement if it first joins the UNFCCC.

StatePercentage of greenhouse
{{nowrap|gases for ratification[5]		 UNFCCC
membership		 Notes
{{Flag|Holy See}}-1%| {{small|N/A}}{{efn|name="notparty"}}}}Observer stateIn 2015, Bernardito Auza stated that the Holy See intended to join the UNFCCC in order to sign the Paris Agreement.[30]

Notes and references

Notes

{{Notes|500px}}

References

1. ^http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/ |title=Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris |last1=Sutter |first1=John D. |last2=Berlinger |first2=Joshua |date=12 December 2015 |website=CNN |publisher=Cable News Network, Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. |access-date=12 December 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-12/france-presents-ambitious,-balanced-draft-climate-agreement/7023712|work=ABC Australia|title=Paris climate talks: France releases 'ambitious, balanced' draft agreement at COP21|date=12 December 2015}}
4. ^[https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf Article 20(1)]
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf#page=30|work=UNFCCC|accessdate=23 April 2016|title=Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21)}}
6. ^Article 21(1)
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/ |title=Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change - 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius |author= |date=12 December 2015 |website=UN Climate Change Newsroom |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |access-date=14 December 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|last=McGrath |first=Matt |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35935756?ocid=global_bbccom_email_31032016_top+news+stories |title=Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign |publisher=Bbc.com |date=31 March 2016 |accessdate=23 April 2016}}
9. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/asia/obama-and-president-xi-of-china-vow-to-sign-paris-climate-accord-promptly.html Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly] 1 April 2016
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53756#.VxqAYGNpr-Y|work=United Nations|title='Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord|date=22 April 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/media/632121/list-of-representatives-to-high-level-signature-ceremony.pdf|title=PARIS AGREEMENT Signature Ceremony|work=UNFCCC|date=22 April 2016}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en |title=Paris Agreement |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection |date=8 July 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-ratifies-landmark-paris-climate-deal-62nd-nation-to-join-club-1469274|title=India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'|access-date=2 October 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/tendencias/2016/08/659-693471-9-chile-firmara-acuerdo-climatico-en-septiembre-y-sera-uno-de-los-57-paises-que-lo.shtml|title=Chile firmará acuerdo climático en septiembre y será uno de los 57 países que lo ratificarían este año|first=|last=|publisher=}}
15. ^1 [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37265541 "Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact"], BBC News, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
16. ^https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.819.2016-Eng.pdf
17. ^https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.705.2017-Eng.pdf
18. ^https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.723.2016-Eng.pdf
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7&chapter=27&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |date=23 July 2013|accessdate=24 July 2013|publisher=United Nations Treaty Series}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.GHGT.KT.CE?locations=SL&name_desc=false|website=World Bank|accessdate=10 October 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-when-will-european-union-ratify-paris-agreement|title=Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?|last=Yeo|first=Sophie|date=23 June 2016|access-date=3 September 2016}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/paris-climate-deal-to-take-effect-as-eu-ratifies-accord-1.20735|publisher=Nature|title=Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord|date=4 October 2016|accessdate=5 October 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-3284_en.htm|title=Paris Agreement to enter into force as EU agrees ratification|publisher=European Commission|date=4 October 2016|accessdate=5 October 2016}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-paris-20170601-story.html|title=Trump quits the Paris climate accord, calling it a 'bad deal' for the U.S.|last=Halper|first=Evan|date=1 June 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=1 June 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}
25. ^1 {{citeweb|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2017/CN.464.2017-Eng.pdf|title=Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)|date=2017-08-08|accessdate=2017-08-14|publisher=United Nations}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/04/trump-notice-withdraw-from-paris-climate-deal-241331|title=Trump administration delivers notice US intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal|work=POLITICO|access-date=2017-08-04}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/16/politics/trump-paris-climate-deal/index.html|title=WH: US staying out of climate accord|last=Producer|first=Kevin Liptak, CNN White House|work=CNN|access-date=2017-09-17}}
28. ^{{citeweb|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/paris-agreement_us_5908f524e4b05c397683d404|title=White House Leaning Toward Exiting Paris Agreement By Next Week, Sources Say|first1=Alexander|last1=Kaufman|first2=Kate|last2=Sheppard|publisher=HuffPost|date=2 May 2017|accessdate=22 July 2017}}
29. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/347089780/State-Dept-Memo-Outlining-Paris-Agreement-Withdrawal|title=Paris Agreement: Overview of Legal Issues|accessdate=22 July 2017}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/745964/vatican-intent-on-signing-paris-climate-agreement|title=Vatican intent on signing Paris climate agreement|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=9 December 2015|accessdate=31 May 2017|author=John Nery}}

2 : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Lists of parties to treaties
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