| 词条 | List of Presidents of Bulgaria (1990-present) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|post = President |body = the Republic of Bulgaria |native_name = Президент на Република България |insignia = Flag of Bulgaria.svg|border |insigniasize = 165px |insigniacaption = Flag of Bulgaria |department = |image = Reuven_Rivlin_March_2018_(8750)_(cropped).jpg |imagesize = 175px |alt = |incumbent = Rumen Radev |incumbentsince = 22 January 2017 |style = His Excellency |residence = Largo, Sofia |nominator = |nominatorpost = |appointer = |appointerpost = |termlength = Five years, renewable once |inaugural = Petar Mladenov |formation = 3 April 1990 |last = |abolished = |succession = |deputy = Iliana Yotova |salary = € 2,845.57 / $ 3,947.92 per month (March 2014) |website = {{URL|http://www.president.bg}} }}{{Politics of Bulgaria}} The President of Bulgaria is the head of state of Bulgaria and the commander-in-chief of the Military of Bulgaria. The official residence of the President is at Boyana Residence, Sofia. After the completion of the second round of voting, candidate Rumen Radev was elected President of Bulgaria on 13 November 2016. The president of Bulgaria's Head of State of the Republic of Bulgaria, which is among the state authorities. He is assisted by vice president. As an institution President of Bulgaria has a number of functions and powers that are regulated in Chapter Four of the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria from 1991. President of the Republic is elected directly by the voters for a period of five years. The first president of the republic is elected Zhelyu Zhelev. Currently acting president, Rumen Radev and his Vice President Iliana Yotova. In the Third Bulgarian State the functions of head of state are performed by the monarch (Prince and King), regency, and later by collective bodies as chairman of the interim presidency of the People's Republic, the chairman of the presidium of the National Assembly, Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic Bulgaria. Forerunner of today's Presidential authority is the institution chairman (president) of the Republic (1990-1992). History of institutionThe story of the presidential institution in Bulgaria is relatively short and is associated with the reconstruction of the country after the fall of the communist regime in 1989. With the new structuring of the institutions in the context of the transition of Bulgaria to democracy and market economy, the presidential institution in Bulgaria became reality with the adoption of the new constitution on July 12, 1991. The first president of Bulgaria is a doctor of philosophy Zhelyu Zhelev. He won the presidential election of 1992 by direct vote, in accordance with the new constitution. His vice president was the poet Blaga Dimitrova. The second presidential elections held in 1996 were won by Petar Stoyanov. He takes office on January 22, 1997, as his vice president Todor Kavaldzhiev. In 2001 Stoyanov run for a second term, but lost in the second round of Georgi Parvanov. Elections are held in November 2001. So for the third President of Bulgaria Georgi Parvanov was elected, and for his Vice President Angel Marin. They took office on 22 January of next year. The couple was re-elected in 2006. After the expiry of their second term, the second round of elections in 2011 was elected president Rosen Plevneliev and for his vice president Margarita Popova. They take an oath on January 19, 2012 and the inauguration of the 22nd the same month. After the expiry of their first term, the second round of elections in 2016 was elected president Rumen Radev and for his vice president Iliana Yotova. They take an oath on January 19, 2017 and the inauguration of the 22nd the same month. The salary that receives Bulgarian President is equal to two monthly salaries of MPs. So in March 2014 it amounted to 4614 Levs. ChoiceThe choice of President of the Republic of Bulgaria is described in Article 93 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria. According to him, the president is elected directly by the people for a term of five years. It should be a Bulgarian citizen by birth, over 40 years can not be elected more than twice. Also president and vice president can not be MPs, any other state, public and economic activities and participate in the leadership of political parties. Functions and powersThe functions and powers of the President are regulated in Chapter Four "President of the republic" of art. 92 incl. to Art. 104 incl., The Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria. President: gives and restores Bulgarian citizenship; appoint and dismiss senior government officials; exercise the right of pardon; forgive bad state receivables; supervise the legislative activity of the National Assembly by the right to a suspensive veto (the right to return to the National Assembly passed a law for further consideration); It is the supreme commander of the armed forces of Bulgaria; appoint heads of diplomatic and permanent missions of the Republic of Bulgaria in international organizations a proposal from the Council of Ministers. Election The president of Bulgaria has the right to schedule the elections for the National Assembly and local authorities. He set the date for a national referendum, following a decision of the National Assembly meeting. Legislative The president has no direct legislative power. However, he has the right to rule on any law it back for revision to the National Assembly. This is more popularly as the "veto", although it differs from the classical form veto anything there as the president of the United States. The President may, however, initiate amendments to the Constitution. Representative The president represents the country in international relations. He has the right to sign international treaties in coordination with the Council of Ministers and without the need to express authorization. Arbitration function Serves to ensure normal relations between public authorities in the implementation of power. Defense and security The President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria. He appoints and dismisses the supreme command staff of the armed forces and the supreme officers into higher ranks on the proposal of the Council of Ministers. The President is the Chairman of the Consultative Council on National Security and have the power to: declares war in case of armed attack against Bulgaria, or if necessary, by application of international agreements in the country; announces total or partial mobilization at the request of the Council of Ministers; declares martial law or any other public emergency when the National Assembly is not in session and can not be convened. Vice President The President is assisted by the Vice President. Vice President replaces the President in case of absence. Only upon early termination of office of the Vice President shall assume the duties of president until new elections. Vice no fixed own power. It acquires powers except if President assign part of their Article 98 of the Bulgarian Constitution. An example of this may be the appointment and dismissal of officials from the presidency; provision, rehabilitation, release and deprivation of Bulgarian citizenship; asylum and pardon of citizens. "Vice President" in general is a rare institution in the world. In Bulgaria the position of vice president has accidentally created. The creation of this institution is one thoughtlessly copying the American experience at the start of democratic changes. However, the vice president can have an important function in protecting democracy. It makes it impossible usurpation of all power by the Prime Minister - for example by removing the president, assassination and so on. In this case, power would pass to the vice president, not the prime minister, controlled by its Chairman of the Parliament. It was only the third in succession. ResponsibilityThe president can not be indicted - art. 103 when it violates the Constitution or amend the national interests of the country. The responsibility in these cases it can be held just before the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria, it can not on its own initiative. The accusation raised by the National Assembly and the conditions are laid down in Art. 103 par. 2 of the Constitution. There have been three attempts to accountability and removal of President Parvanov during his tenure. Termination of officeUnder the constitution, the mandate of the President is interrupted when: Expiration of term; resignation before the Constitutional Court (For the history of the institution does not have such a case; the only commander, who can allegedly has resigned, is the president (chairman) Petar Mladenov); permanent inability to perform his duties due to serious illness; under Art. 103; (Impeachment: The only president who has been raised impeachment is Georgi Parvanov) death. List of Presidents of Bulgaria
Living former presidentsThere are three living former Bulgarian Presidents: {{Gallery|title= |width=160 |height=170 |align=center |File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Rome_2006_(48)_(cropped).jpg|Petar Stoyanov (age {{age|1952|5|25}}) since 2002 |File:Georgi_Parvanov_Senate_of_Poland_01.jpg|Georgi Parvanov (age {{age|1957|6|28}}) since 2012 |File:Rosen Plevneliev 2016.jpg|Rosen Plevneliev (age {{age|1964|5|14}}) since 2017 }} TimelineImageSize = width:1150 height:auto barincrement:30 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:20 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1990 till:2022 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1990 Colors = id:president value:rgb(1,0.8,0) legend: President id:acting value:rgb(0.5,0.5,1) legend: Acting_President Legend = columns:1 left:100 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Legend:" BarData = PlotData= align:left fontsize:S shift:(3,-4) anchor:from width:15 fontsize:M barset:PM from: 03/04/1990 till: 06/07/1990 color:president text:"Petar Mladenov" (94 days) from: 06/07/1990 till: 17/07/1990 color:acting text:"Stanko Todorov" (11 days) from: 17/07/1990 till: 01/08/1990 color:acting text:"Nikolai Todorov" (15 days) from: 01/08/1990 till: 22/01/1997 color:president text:"Zhelyu Zhelev" (6 years, 174 days) from: 22/01/1997 till: 22/01/2002 color:president text:"Petar Stoyanov" (5 years) from: 22/01/2002 till: 22/01/2012 color:president text:"Georgi Parvanov" (10 years) from: 22/01/2012 till: 22/01/2017 color:president text:"Rosen Plevneliev" (5 years) from: 22/01/2017 till: 10/03/2019 color:president text:"Rumen Radev" (2 years,47 days) See also{{Commonscat|Presidents of Bulgaria}}
References{{DEFAULTSORT:Presidents of Bulgaria (1990-present)}} 3 : Presidents of Bulgaria|Bulgaria politics-related lists|Lists of national presidents |
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