“List of state leaders in the 15th century”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 15th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

1. ^C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
2. ^C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
3. ^Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
4. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.scribd.com/document/330004816/oba-ewuare-coronation-speech-2016 |title= Oba Ewuare II Coronation Speech 2016 |accessdate=2017-07-09}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin Revised Edition|last=Ben-Amos |first= |year=1995 |publisher= |page=32}}
6. ^Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 77-94; id., Kingdoms, 552.
7. ^Ba, Abdou Bouri, « Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip » (avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin), Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 38, série B, numéro 4, octobre 1976 {{cite web |url=http://www.histoire-ucad.org/archives/index.php/remository.html?func=fileinfo&id=36 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-03-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130415030835/http://www.histoire-ucad.org/archives/index.php/remository.html?func=fileinfo&id=36 |archivedate=2013-04-15 |df= }}
8. ^L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
9. ^Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
10. ^Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, 1971; Olaf Czaja, 2013.
11. ^Ricklefs (1991)
12. ^Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
13. ^Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
14. ^
15. ^
16. ^
17. ^
18. ^According to (Fernquest 2006: 36) Sawlon became saopha of Mohnyin c.1482 and died in 1532, meaning he ruled for 50 years. Zatadawbon Yazawin (Zata 1960: 47) says Sawlon was born only in 1486. It means the Sawlon who came to power in 1482 was likely Sawlon's father.
19. ^His wife was Adelheid of Pomerania; their daughter, Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg (before 1428–1473), was married to Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg.
20. ^His wife was Dorothea of Brandenburg (ca. 1446–March 1519, daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg). Their children were Eric of Saxe-Lauenburg (1472–20 October 1522; Eric I as Prince-Bishop of Münster, Eric II as Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim) and Sophia of Saxe-Lauenburg (m. ca. 1420, d. 1462; mother of Eric II, Duke of Pomerania).

Africa

Africa: Central

Africa: East

Africa: Northeast

Africa: Northcentral

Africa: Northwest

Africa: South

Africa: West

Asia

Asia: Central

Asia: East

Asia: Southeast

Asia: South

Europe

Europe: British Isles

Europe: Central

Europe: East

Europe: Nordic

Europe: Southcentral

Europe: Southwest

Europe: West

Eurasia: Caucasus

Notes

References