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词条 List of task forces of the Royal Navy
释义

  1. History

  2. Second World War

     Task Forces allocated by letter  Task Forces allocated by number  Task Forces allocated by the U.S. Navy  Combined allied command task forces 

  3. Post second world war

  4. References

  5. Sources

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}{{Royal Navy formation types}}

This is a List of task forces of the Royal Navy a task force can be described as a temporary grouping of naval units under one commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a specific operation or mission[1] they vary in size but usually comprise two or more task groups.

{{Naval units}}

History

The concept of a naval task force is as old as navies the assembly of ships for naval operations was referred to as fleets, divisions, or on the smaller scale, squadrons, and flotillas. before World War II ships were collected into divisions derived from the Royal Navy's "division" of the line of battle in which one squadron usually remained under the direct command of the Admiral of the Fleet, one squadron was commanded by a Vice Admiral, and one by a Rear Admiral, each of the three squadrons flying different coloured flags, hence the terms flagship and flag officer. The flag of the Fleet Admiral's squadron was red, the Vice Admiral's was white and the Rear Admiral's blue. (The names "Vice" (possibly from advanced) and "Rear" might have derived from sailing positions within the line at the moment of engagement.) the term came into extensive use around the beginning in 1939, a task force can be assembled using ships from different divisions and squadrons, without requiring a formal and permanent fleet reorganization, and can be easily dissolved following completion of the operational task they can be formed by a sole navy or as part of a joint operation involving naval forces from more than one country.

Second World War

Earlier in the Second World War, the British Royal Navy had already devised its own system of Forces, they mainly assigned a letter occasionally a number.

Task Forces allocated by letter

  • Force A[2]

Originally stationed at Malta took part in the Battle of Calabria[3] in 1940 it transferred Trincomalee and was a component of the (fast force) of the Eastern Fleet during the Indian Ocean raid April to May 1942.

  • Force B[2]

Originally stationed at Malta, took part in the Battle of Calabria in 9 July 1940, took part in the Battle of Cape Spartivento, 27 November 1940, was involved in the First Battle of Sirte, 17 December 1941 it then moved to Trincomalee in March 1942 was a component (slow force) of the Eastern Fleet during the Indian Ocean raid April to May 1942.

  • Force C[2]

Formed during the Battle of Calabria.

  • Force D[2]

Stationed at Malta, took part in the Battle of Cape Spartivento, 27 November 1940.

  • Force E[2]
  • Force F

Formed as part of a number of hunting task for groups 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939 was stationed at Malta, took part in the Battle of Cape Spartivento, 27 November 1940.

  • Force G[4]

Formed as part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939.

  • Force H[5]

Formed as part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939 and part of the South America Division after which it was stationed at, Gibraltar, took part in Operation Catapult, 3 July 1940, took part in Operation Rheinübung 19 May - 15 June 1941, took part in Operation Harpoon, took part in Operation Husky, 9 July-17 August 1942, also involved in Operation Torch as a component of a larger task force, 8–16 November 1942 the force was disbanded in September 1943.

  • Force I[4]

Stationed at Ceylon, formed as part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939.

  • Force J

Covered North Atlantic, originally formed as part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939.

  • Force K[6]

Part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939 based in Freetown it was then stationed at, Malta, took part in the Battle of the Tarigo Convoy, 16 April 1941, was involved in the First Battle of Sirte, 17 December 1941 then moved to Freetown in December 1941.

  • Force L,

Stationed at, Freetown, was part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939, took part in the Battle of Dakar, 23–25 September 1940.

  • Force M[7]

Formed at Freetown and placed under the Command of Vice-Admiral John D. Cunningham, it was assembled using available naval units from the Home Fleet and Force H and took part in the Battle of Dakar code-named 'Operation Menace'.

  • Force Q[8]

A sub-component of a larger covering force escorting Convoy PQ 13 20 March - 1 April 1942 was involved in the Battle of Skerki Bank, 2 December 1942.

  • Force R[9]

Formed at Murmansk and was involved at Battle of the Barents Sea and the Attack on Convoy JW 51B , 31 December 1942.

  • Force X[10]

Originally formed at, Pernambuco-Dakar, transferred to the Mediterranean and took part in Operation Harpoon, 12–15 June 1942, also was involved in the Attack on Mers-el-Kébir, 3 July 1940.

  • Force Y[11]

Operational area was originally in the West Indies, was part of a number of hunting task groups in 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939, transferred to West Africa and was latter allocated to the French component force during the Battle of Dakar, 23–25 September 1940.

  • Force Z[12]

Stationed at Singapore, known for the destruction of its two capital ships in the Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse.

Task Forces allocated by number

  • Force 1

Formed to deal with the Tirpitz Sortie against convoys PQ 12 and QP8, 6–13 March 1942.

  • Force 2

Formed to deal with the Tirpitz Sortie against convoys PQ12 and QP8, 6–13 March 1942.

  • Force 61

Formed and took part in the Battle off Penang - the Battle of the Malacca Strait (Loss of IJN Haguro), 15 May 1945.[13]

  • Force 62

Formed 13 May 1945 and took part in the Battle off Penang - the Battle of the Malacca Strait.[13]

  • Force 67

Formed 13 May 1945 and took part in the Battle off Penang - the Battle of the Malacca Strait.[13]

  • Force 70

Formed 13 May 1945 and took part in the Battle off Penang - the Battle of the Malacca Strait.[13]

Task Forces allocated by the U.S. Navy

  • Task Force 57, (USN allocated name)

Which was the composition of the British Pacific Fleet 23 March 1945.[14]

  • Task Force 37, (USN allocated name)

Formed to take part in the Carrier Raids on the Japanese Home Islands 24–28 July 1945.[15]

Combined allied command task forces

  • Eastern Task Force[16]

This was formed as part of the allied Normandy landings and was code named "Operation Neptune" this was the Royal Navy's largest ever naval force assembled for a specific operation it was part two enormous naval forces that took part in the operation and was a component part of the Allied expeditionary force 6 June 1944.

  • Western Task Force[16]

This was formed as part of the allied Normandy landings and was code named "Operation Neptune" this was the Royal Navy's largest ever naval force assembled for a specific operation it was part two enormous naval forces that took part in the operation and was a component part of the Allied expeditionary force 6 June 1944.

  • Western Task Force-operation torch[17]

Commanded by Rear-Admiral Henry Kent Hewitt USN this task force supported allied troop landings at Casablanca, Morocco as part of Operation Torch it consisted of 105 ships of altypes. [18]

  • Central Task Force-operation torch[17]

Commanded by Commodore, Thomas H. Troubridge RN this task force supported allied troop landings at Oran, Algeria as part of Operation Torch it consisted of 105 ships of all types. [19]

  • Eastern Task Force-operation torch[17]

Commanded by Harold M. Burrough RN this task force supported allied troop landings at Algiers, Algeria as part of Operation Torch it consisted of 105 ships of all types. [20]

  • Task Force Peter[21]

This was 52 ships that took part in the Battle of Anzio, 22 January 1944; part of the larger Allied amphibious landing known as Operation Shingle.

  • Task Force 111

Post second world war

{{main|Joint Task Force}}
  • Task Force 317

During the Falklands War in 1982 the Royal Navy assembled Task Force 317 to achieve sea and air supremacy in the Total Exclusion Zone, before the amphibious forces arrived. CINCFLEET commanded Task Force 317, the allocated number for the operation.

  • Task Force 318

Formed to deal with the evacuation of Aden also known as Operation Magister from 11 October 1967 to 25 January 1968.[22]

  • Task Force 321
  • Task Force 323
  • Task Force 324

This task was formed in 1982 taking part in the Falklands War it consisted of submarines.[23]

  • Task Force 330
  • Task Force 333
  • Task Force 345

Formed as part of Operation Musketeer during the Suez Crisis 1956-1957.[24]

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Origin of task force|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/task-force|website=dictionary.com|publisher=Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2016.|accessdate=1 November 2016}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=David|last2=Titterton|first2=G. A.|title=The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: Vol.II: November 1940-December 1941|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136341274|pages=12–29|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=DK8kW8CLQ8QC&pg=PT241&dq=Force+C,+Royal+Navy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj61JOV1YbQAhWFrY8KHXhiDPoQ6AEIJzAC#v=onepage&q=Force%20C%2C%20Royal%20Navy&f=false|language=en}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Rohwer|first1=[by] J.|last2=Masters|first2=G. Hümmelchen. Translated from the German by Derek|title=Chronology of the war at sea, 1939-1945|date=1974|publisher=Arco|location=New York|isbn=0668033088|edition=English}}
4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Redford|first1=Duncan|title=World War II|date=2014|publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.|location=London|isbn=9781780765464|page=15}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=J. D.|title=Carrier Operations in World War II|date=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley|isbn=9781848320420|page=52|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=MF-CAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=Force+H&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN7ciT0obQAhUGO48KHVMWA7cQ6AEIPzAH#v=onepage&q=Force%20H&f=false|language=en}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Redford|first1=Duncan|title=World War II|date=2014|publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.|location=London|isbn=9781780765464|page=157}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Peter C.|title=The Great Ships: British Battleships in World War II|date=2008|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=9780811749350|page=151|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=PNN8NNZjrFIC&pg=PA151&dq=Force+M,+royal+navy,+world+war+two&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz1J_L2IbQAhWIrY8KHRP3Dn84FBDoAQgZMAA#v=onepage&q=Force%20M%2C%20royal%20navy%2C%20world%20war%20two&f=false|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Morison|first1=Samuel Eliot|title=History of United States naval operations in World War II|date=2002|publisher=Univ. of Illinois Press|location=Urbana|isbn=9780252070396|page=167}}
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Husen|first1=editor, David T. Zabecki ; assistant editors, Carl O. Schuster, Paul J. Rose, William H. Van|title=World War II in Europe : an encyclopedia|date=1999|publisher=Garland Pub.|location=New York|isbn=9780824070298|pages=1381–1382}}
10. ^{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Spencer C.|title=World War II at sea an encyclopedia|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC.|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=9781598844580|page=341}}
11. ^{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Donald A. Bertke ; Don Kindell ; Gordon|title=World War II sea war.|date=2009|publisher=Bertke Publ.|location=Dayton, Ohio|isbn=9781937470012|page=288|edition=1.}}
12. ^{{cite book|last1=Redford|first1=Duncan|title=A History of the Royal Navy: World War II|date=2014|publisher=I.B.Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781780765464|page=181|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=A-4KAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181&dq=Force+A,+Royal+Navy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQtvLj04bQAhUKrY8KHb8CDO8Q6AEIPjAH#v=onepage&q=Force%20A%2C%20Royal%20Navy&f=false|language=en}}
13. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Mountbatten|first1=John Winton ; with a foreword by Earl|title=Sink the Haguro! : the last destroyer action of the Second World War|date=1978|publisher=Seeley, Service|location=London|isbn=0854221522|page=28}}
14. ^{{cite book|last1=Hobbs|first1=David|title=The British Pacific Fleet : the Royal Navy's most powerful strike force|date=2011|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|isbn=1591140447}}
15. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=David|title=Carrier operations in World War II|date=1974|publisher=Allan|location=London|isbn=0711005125|edition=Revised}}
16. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Bruce|first1=Anthony|last2=Cogar|first2=William|title=Encyclopedia of Naval History|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|location=Hoboken|isbn=9781135935344|page=337|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=yci2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA337&lpg=PA337&dq=history+of+a+naval+task+force&source=bl&ots=u6_HdC4DQz&sig=wH0F69PWvjzUScP_ZK6z14djSnk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf5NGBvYbQAhVFqo8KHTMmB004ChDoAQhIMAk#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20a%20naval%20task%20force&f=false|language=en}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Evans|first1=Bryn|title=The Decisive Campaigns of the Desert Air Force 1942-1945|date=2014|publisher=Pen and Sword|location=Barnsley|isbn=9781783462605|page=53|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=V2VtBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&dq=western+task+force+operation+torch&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4yKnQzYbQAhUJqI8KHZ7eB-MQ6AEIJjAC#v=onepage&q=western%20task%20force%20operation%20torch&f=false|language=en}}
18. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Gordon|title=Royal Navy in the Mediterranean 1942-1943|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW2CampaignsRNMed3.htm|website=www.naval-history.net|publisher=Gordon Smith, 9 July 2011|accessdate=1 January 2018}}
19. ^Smith. 2011
20. ^Smith. 2011
21. ^{{cite book|title=Anzio: The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II|date=1994|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=9780160882593|page=9|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=V_Wv7Y8i4AAC&pg=PA7&dq=Force+J,+royal+navy,+world+war+two&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4lNHD3IbQAhVMpo8KHYiqDqU4ChDoAQhMMAk#v=onepage&q=Force%20J%2C%20royal%20navy%2C%20world%20war%20two&f=false|language=en}}
22. ^{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=John|title=Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy|date=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, England|isbn=9781783830305|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=vObZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT7&dq=Flag+Officer,+Surface+Flotilla&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q=Flag%20Officer%2C%20Surface%20Flotilla&f=false|language=en|chapter=3: The Strategic Nuclear Deterrent and the Beira Patrol 1965 to 1969}}
23. ^{{cite book|last1=Grove|first1=Eric|title=The Royal Navy Since 1815: A New Short History|date=2014|publisher=Ebsco Publishing|isbn=9780230802186|page=246|url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=n9g1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA246&lpg=PA246&dq=Royal+Navy+Task+Force+324&source=bl&ots=uuhmV9KqG4&sig=2bH9aFZ9o05Kb3t_aQf2cSDMyPU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxu5SD_rXYAhXFNo8KHTd1BOkQ6AEISzAI#v=onepage&q=Royal%20Navy%20Task%20Force%20324&f=false|language=en}}
24. ^{{cite web|last1=Archives|first1=The National|title=Commander Task Force 345: report|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C974809|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|publisher=National Archives, UK, 1956-1957, ADM 205/161|accessdate=1 January 2018}}

Sources

  • NavWeaps.com: Orders of Battle

External links

  • http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/index_oob.php

5 : Royal Navy task forces|Lists of Royal Navy units and formations|Military units and formations of the Royal Navy in World War I|Military units and formations of the Royal Navy in World War II|Royal Navy
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