“Lodge-Fish Resolution”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Lodge-Fish Resolution

释义

The Resolution
Bibliography
References

{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| shorttitle = Lodge-Fish Resolution
| othershorttitles =
| longtitle = Joint Resolution Favoring the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish People
| colloquialacronym =
| nickname =
| enacted by = 67th
| effective date = September 21, 1922
| public law url = http://legisworks.org/congress/67/pubres-73.pdf
| cite public law = 67-73
| cite statutes at large =
| acts amended =
| acts repealed =
| title amended =
| sections created =
| sections amended =
| leghisturl =

| introducedin = Senate
| introducedby = Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA)
| introduceddate = June 30, 1922
| committees =
| passedbody1 = House
| passeddate1 =
| passedvote1 = passed voice vote
| passedbody2 = Senate
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| passedbody3 = House
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| agreedbody4 =
| agreeddate4 =
| agreedvote4 =
| passedbody4 = Senate
| passeddate4 =
| passedvote4 = agreed
| signedpresident = Warren G. Harding
| signeddate = September 21, 1922
| unsignedpresident =
| unsigneddate =
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}}

The Lodge-Fish Resolution^[1] was a joint resolution of both Houses of Congress of the United States that endorsed the British Mandate for Palestine.{{sfn|Lebow|1968|p=501}}^[2]{{sfn|Brecher|1987}} It was introduced in June 1922 by Hamilton Fish III, a Republican New York Representative, and Henry Cabot Lodge, a Republican Senator from Massachusetts.{{sfn|Medoff|2002|p=215-216}}

It came about following a significant lobbying effort by the American Zionist community, and particularly through the efforts of Zionist Rabbi Simon Glazer.{{sfn|Medoff|2002|p=215-216}} It was opposed by the State Department, a prominent anti-Zionist rabbi at the congressional hearings, and the New York Times – owned by the anti-Zionist Adolph Ochs.{{sfn|Medoff|2002|p=215-216}}

On September 21, 1922, then-President Warren G. Harding signed the joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish National Home in Palestine, per the 1917 Balfour Declaration.^[3]{{sfn|Medoff|2002|p=215-216}}

The Resolution

The full text of the resolution is as follows:

"Favoring the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the United States of America favors the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which should prejudice the civil and religious rights of Christian and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine, and that the holy places and religious buildings and sites in Palestine shall be adequately protected." [italics in the original]

Bibliography

{{cite journal|title=Woodrow Wilson and the Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict|first=Frank W.|last=Brecher|journal=American Jewish Archives|date=1987|volume=39|issue=1|pages=23–47|ref=harv}}
{{cite journal|first=Richard Ned|last=Lebow|title= Woodrow Wilson and the Balfour Declaration|journal=The Journal of Modern History|volume=40|issue=4|year=1968|pages=501–523|jstor=1878450|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/240237|ref=harv|doi=10.1086/240237}}
{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Medoff|first=Rafael|title=Jewish Americans and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSgiR7OD8DsC&pg=PA216|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-314-8}}

References

1. ^Lodge-Fish Resolution, {{USPL|67|73}}, Sep 21, 1922, 42 Stat. 1012.
2. ^67th Congress, {{USBill|67|hjres|322}}; [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/67th-congress/Session%202/c67s2ch372.pdf pdf]
3. ^Howard Grief, The Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel under International Law, (Mazo Publishers, Jerusalem, 2008), p. 198.

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