| 词条 | Abdulsalami Abubakar |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = General | name = Abdulsalami A. Abubakar | honorific-suffix = | image = Abdulsalami Abubakar detail DF-SC-02-04323.jpg | caption = Abubakar at the UN on 24 September 1998 |order=11th Head of State of Nigeria | term_start = 9 June 1998 | term_end = 29 May 1999 | vicepresident = Vice-Adm. Mike Akhigbe {{small|as Chief of General Staff}} | predecessor = Sani Abacha | successor = Olusegun Obasanjo |office2 = Chief of Defence Staff |term_start2 = 1997 |term_end2 = 1998 |predecessor2 = Oladipo Diya |successor2 = Al-Amin Daggash | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1942|6|13}} | birth_place = Minna, Northern Region, British Nigeria (now Minna, Niger State, Nigeria) | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Fati Lami Abubakar | party = none (military) | children = Six | residence = | alma_mater = Technical Institute, Kaduna | occupation = Soldier | website = | footnotes = | allegiance = {{flag|Nigeria}} | branch = Nigerian Air Force Nigerian Army | serviceyears = 1963–1966 (Air Force) 1966–1999 (Army) | rank = General | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = }} Abdulsalami Abubakar ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑː|b|d|əl|s|ə|ˈ|l|æ|m|i|_|ˌ|ɑː|b|u|ˈ|b|ɑː|k|ɑːr|audio=En-us-Abdulsalami Abubakar from Nigeria pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}}; born June 13, 1942) is a retired Nigerian Army General who was Military Head of State from 9 June 1998 until 29 May 1999. He succeeded Sani Abacha upon Abacha's death. During his leadership, Nigeria adopted a modified version of the 1979 constitution, which provided for multiparty elections. He transferred power to president-elect Olusegun Obasanjo on 29 May 1999. He is the current Chairman of the National Peace Committee. Early lifeAbubakar was born on 13 June 1942 to his father Abubakar Jibrin and his mother Fatikande Mohammed, in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. From 1950-1956 he attended Minna Native Authority Primary school. From 1957-1962, he had his secondary school education at Government College, Bida, Niger state. From January to October 1963 he studied at Kaduna Technical College. Military careersAir force careerAbubakar is a member of the pioneering sets of officer cadets who enlisted into the Nigerian Air force on 3 October 1963. From 1964- 1966, he was flown to Uetersen, Western Germany with a team of officer cadets, for Basic and Advance Military Training. When he returned to Nigeria in 1966 he was seconded to the Nigeria Army.[1] Army careerAfter joining the army in 1966 as an officer cadet, Abubakar attended the emergency combatant short service course two. In October 1967, Abubakar was commissioned second lieutenant, infantry division, Nigerian army. From 1967-1968, Abubakar was general staff officer two, second garrison, and commanding officer, 92 infantry battalion from 1969-1974. Between 1974 and 1975, he was made brigade major, 7th infantry brigade. In 1975 he served as commanding officer, 84 infantry battalion. In 1978-1979, Abubakar was commanding officer for the 145 infantry battalion (NIBATT II), United Nations Interim force, Lebanon. In 1979 he was made assistant adjutant general 3rd Infantry division, Nigeria. From 1980-1982, Abubakar was chief instructor at the Nigerian Defence Academy. In 1982 he was appointed as the colonel of administration and quartering, 1st mechanised division. A position he held up until 1984. From 1985-1986, Abubakar was the commander 3rd mechanised brigade. He served as the military secretary of the army, 1986–1988. Abubakar was made general officer commanding 1st mechanised division 1990-1991. Between 1991-1993, he was the principal staff officer, as the army chief of plan and policy, Defence Headquarters. From 1993-1998, the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, General Sani Abacha appointed Abubakar as the Chief of Defence Staff, Defence Headquarters. Upon Abacha’s death on 8 June 1998, Abubakar took power as the military president of Nigeria and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces on 9 June 1998. In May 1999 General Abubakar, handed over power to the newly elected civilian president, Olusegun Obasanjo and retired from the army.[2] PresidencyNigeria had been ruled by military leaders since Muhammadu Buhari seized power from Shehu Shagari in a 1983 coup.[3] Although democratic elections had been held in 1993, they were annulled by General Ibrahim Babangida. Reported to have had an initial reluctance to accepting the position,[4] Abubakar was sworn in as president on 9 June 1998 after the unexpected death of Abacha. He declared a weeklong period of national mourning.[4] A few days after assuming office, Abubakar promised to hold elections within a year and transfer power to an elected president.[3] He established the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), appointing former Supreme Court Justice Ephraim Akpata as chairman.[5] The INEC held a series of elections first for Local Government Areas in December 1998, then for State Assemblies and Governors, National Assemblies and finally for the President on 27 February 1999. Although efforts were made to ensure that the elections were free and fair, there were widespread irregularities that drew criticism from foreign observers.[6] Surprising some critics of the country's military,[4] Abubakar kept his word and transferred power to elected president Obasanjo on 29 May 1999. During his administration Nigeria adopted a new constitution May 5, 1999, which went into effect when Olusegun Obasanjo became president.[3] LegacyAbubakar's legacy is mixed. A lecture circuit at Chicago State University in Chicago, Illinois, United States featuring him encountered opposition, because he had supported Abacha's government.[7] (Abacha's administration was notorious for its human rights abuses).[7][8] He was also sued in that country by other Nigerians who claimed he was responsible for the death of 1993 president-elect Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, who died in custody after being prevented by the military from taking office, and for the violation of the rights of others during his administration.[9] Abubakar helped in the Liberian peace movement by presiding over the 2003 peace talks between Charles Taylor and the opposing rebels. This is seen in the movie Pray the Devil Back to Hell. Personal lifeAbubakar is married to Fati and they have six children together.[10] AwardsAbudulsalami Abubakar has received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they include:
Bibliography
See also{{commons category|Abdulsalami Abubakar}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://politicoscope.com/2015/04/18/nigeria-abdulsalami-abubakar-biography-and-profile/ |title=nigeria abdulsalami abubakar biography and profile }} 2. ^{{cite book |last= Obotetukudo| first=Solomon|title=The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non elected presidents and prime minister from 1960 -2010|publisher=University Press of America|year=2011|pages=121}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |title=Nigeria |accessdate=9 June 2007 |date=31 May 2007 |work=The World Factbook Online |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gSwE0b5H?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |archivedate=2 May 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/alerts/layout/set/print/content/view/full/6444/ |title=Successor to General Sani Abacha appointed |accessdate=7 June 2007 |date=9 June 1998 |work=IFEX Alerts |publisher=International Freedom of Expression Exchange |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005145336/http://www.ifex.org/alerts/layout/set/print/content/view/full/6444/ |archivedate=5 October 2012 }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://inecnigeria.org/index.php?cateid=9&contid=6 |title=INEC History |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |accessdate=13 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5wWgOjfni?url=http://inecnigeria.org/index.php?cateid=9&contid=6 |archivedate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=no }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/1152.pdf|title=OBSERVING THE 1998–99 NIGERIA ELECTIONS|publisher=Carter Center, NDI|date=Summer 1999|accessdate=14 February 2010}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2001/feb/182pr.html |title= NCP, North America, protests Abdulsalami Lecture Series|accessdate=7 June 2007 |work= |publisher=National Conscience Party|last= Akande|first=Laolu |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225521/http://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2001/feb/182pr.html |archivedate = 27 September 2007}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec98/nigeria_10-21.html |title=Interview with Abubakar |accessdate=7 June 2007 |date=21 October 1998 |work=Online News Hour |publisher=MacNeil/Lehrer Productions |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5wWgPLzGl?url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec98/nigeria_10-21.html |archivedate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=80050 |last=Aboyade |first=Funke |title='Conflicting Court Orders in Abdulsalami Case Avoidable' |accessdate=7 June 2007 |work=Thisday Online |publisher=Leaders & Company Limited |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5wWgQZhKX?url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=80050 |archivedate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=64 |title=Abdulsalami Abubakar |accessdate=7 June 2007 |work=Online Nigeria |publisher=Devace Nigeria |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5wWgNAHmQ?url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/people/ad.asp?blurb=64 |archivedate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} External links
9 : 1942 births|Living people|People from Minna|Nigerian Muslims|Gbagyi people|Nigerian generals|Heads of state of Nigeria|Nigerian Air Force officers|Nigerian Army officers |
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