| 词条 | Lost Creek (Shenandoah Creek tributary) |
| 释义 |
| name = Lost Creek | source1_location = Number Three Reservoir in West Mahanoy Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = Shenandoah Creek in West Mahanoy Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania near West William Penn | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40.8084|-76.2390|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = Shenandoah Creek → Mahanoy Creek → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | length = {{convert|1.3|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1600|ft|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1053|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|1.32|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} }} Lost Creek is a tributary of Shenandoah Creek in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|1.3|mi|km}} long and flows through West Mahanoy Township.[1] The watershed of the creek has an area of {{convert|1.32|sqmi|km2}}. The creek is an ephemeral stream in its lower reaches and is impaired by abandoned mine drainage. It is in the Western Middle Anthracite Field. The creek has historically been used as a water supply. It is designated as a Coldwater Fishery. CourseLost Creek begins in the Number Three Reservoir in West Mahanoy Township. It flows southwest and enters the Raven Run Reservoir. From the southwestern end of that reservoir, the creek turns south and flows through a deep, narrow valley for several tenths of a mile, passing through the Number One Reservoir. It then reaches the end of its valley and turns south-southeast for a few tenths of a mile, passing between two ponds before reaching its confluence with Shenandoah Creek.[1] Lost Creek joins Shendandoah Creek {{convert|1.28|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[2] HydrologyLost Creek is designated as an impaired waterbody. The cause of the impairment is metals other than mercury and the likely source is abandoned mine drainage.[3] The creek is an ephemeral stream in its lower reaches, on account of losing most or all of its flow to underground mine complexes. An abandoned mine drainage discharge known as the Weston Mine Lost Creek-Buck Mountain discharge is located within the creek's watershed.[5] The discharge of Lost Creek was measured to be {{convert|1.03|cuft/s|m3/s}} in March 2001 and {{convert|0.11|cuft/s|m3/s}} in August 2001. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was {{convert|12.2|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in March and {{convert|7.5|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in August. In March 2001, the creek's pH was 6.2 and the net alkalinity was {{convert|3|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}}, while in August 2001, the pH was 6.3 and the net alkalinity was also {{convert|3|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}}.[5] The concentration of dissolved aluminum in Lost Creek was {{convert|0.06|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in March 2001 and {{convert|0.02|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in August 2001. The manganese and iron concentrations in March were {{convert|0.09|and|0.05|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}}, while in August they were {{convert|0.18|and|0.03|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}}.[5] The dissolved nitrate concentration in Lost Creek was {{convert|0.20|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in March 2001 and {{convert|0.13|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in August 2001. The concentration of dissolved phosphorus was {{convert|0.03|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in March and {{convert|0.02|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in August. The dissolved sulfate concentration was {{convert|10|and|12|mg/l|oz/cuft|sp=us}} in March and August 2001, respectively.[5] Geography and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of Lost Creek is {{convert|1053|ft|m}} above sea level.[4] The elevation of the creek's source is approximately {{convert|1600|ft|m}} above sea level.[1] Lost Creek is in the Western Middle Anthracite Field. Dried sediment from the creek is grayish brown in the Munsell color system.[5] Approximately {{convert|2000|ft|m}} northeast of a village known as Lost Creek, Lost Creek flows into a strip pit and infiltrates the Weston Mine Pool.[6] WatershedThe watershed of Lost Creek has an area of {{convert|1.32|sqmi|km2}}.[2] The creek is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Shenandoah.[4] Its mouth is located within {{convert|1|mi|km}} of the community of West William Penn.[2] The watershed of Lost Creek occupies approximately 0.8 percent of the Mahanoy Creek drainage basin. It is in the north-central part of the Shenandaoh Creek watershed and the upper part of the Mahanoy Creek watershed.[16] The designated use of Lost Creek is aquatic life.[3] HistoryLost Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1179963.[4] In the late 1800s, 20,000 European larches were planted near the north bank of Lost Creek to help establish a second-growth forest.[7] In the early 1900s, Lost Creek was a clear stream upstream of the Packer No. 2 Colliery, which was owned by the Lehigh Valley Coal Company. At the colliery, large amounts of mine water and culm polluted the creek.[8] The creek was used as a water supply by the Girard Water Company during this time period.[9] BiologyLost Creek is classified as a Coldwater Fishery.[10] In 2001, macroinvertebrates were observed in Lost Creek, but no fish were observed. Only four macroinvertebrate taxa were observed: Limnephilidae, Tipulidae, Cambaridae, and Oligochaeta. All were classified as "rare", with only one or two individuals being observed.[5] In 2001, the family-level Hilsenhoff Biotic Index value of Lost Creek was 6.[5] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Citation|author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map Viewer |accessdate=December 24, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=April 5, 2012 |df= }} 2. ^1 2 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|page = 92|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 3. ^1 {{Citation|author = United States Environmental Protection Agency|url = http://oaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_list_id=&p_au_id=PA4403&p_cycle=2006&p_state=PA&p_report_type=A|title = 2006 Waterbody Report for Lost Creek|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 4. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1179963,Lost%20Creek|title = Feature Detail Report for: Lost Creek|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Citation|author = Charles A. Cravotta|publisher = United States Geological Survey|url = http://mine-drainage.usgs.gov/pubs/cravotta/SIR_2004-5291.pdf|title = Effects of Abandoned Coal-Mine Drainage on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Mahanoy Creek Basin, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania, 2001|pages = 9, 11, 15–16, 18 38, 41, 56|year = 2001|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 6. ^{{Citation|url = http://www.amrclearinghouse.org/Sub/SCARLIFTReports/Mahanoy/Abatement.pdf|title = Abatement|page = 3|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 7. ^{{Citation|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jXEXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=%22Lost+Creek%22+%22shenandoah+creek%22&source=bl&ots=9g3KhTPvfV&sig=v7MRoC-HzfxM-9voFuCRl8pIwfI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrjPrU6PLJAhXGbD4KHbcAAZUQ6AEIMjAF#v=onepage&q=%22Lost%20Creek%22%20%22shenandoah%20creek%22&f=false|title = Annual Report..., Volume 24, Parts 1893-1896|page = 82|year = 1884|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 8. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Water Supply Commission|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JONAAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=%22Lost+Creek%22+%22shenandoah+creek%22&source=bl&ots=ABQIZGIOYt&sig=Y7rUpDzMEOdT39MyI1AJzhGUrJs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrjPrU6PLJAhXGbD4KHbcAAZUQ6AEIJjAC#v=onepage&q=%22Lost%20Creek%22&f=false|title = Water Resources Inventory Report ...: Act of July 25, 1913, Part 10|page = 107|year = 1916|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 9. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Department of Health|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRhNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1066&lpg=PA1066&dq=%22Lost+Creek%22+%22shenandoah+creek%22&source=bl&ots=x7nhUQ7kde&sig=fDfpFaQgbHvASfQKS7-TzG1HV60&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjO-sCAyfTJAhVD7mMKHVx8DhA4ChDoAQgdMAA#v=onepage&q=%22Lost%20Creek%22%20%22shenandoah%20creek%22&f=false|title = Report|page = 1066|year = 1909|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 10. ^1 {{Citation|url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20029598.pdf|title = Mahanoy Creek Watershed Conservation Plan|pages = 60, 62, 289|date = October 6, 2010|accessdate = December 24, 2015}} 3 : Rivers of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of Mahanoy Creek|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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