| 词条 | Louise Augustine Gleizes |
| 释义 |
LifeLouise Augustine Gleizes had worked as a kitchen maid, and was sent to the Salpêtrière Hospital at age fourteen on October 21, 1875.[2][1] Prior to that, she had been in a nurse's care in early life, and after the nurse in a religious boarding school where she suffered corporal punishment.[1] She was molested when she was ten years old, and she was raped by her mother’s lover when she was thirteen.[1] While she was a patient of the Salpêtrière Hospital, Charcot, who treated her, would hypnotize her so she would demonstrate her supposed hysteria.[2] Sigmund Freud and Edgar Degas, among others, came to see this.[2] Photographs were taken of her then, which became known as the most infamous visual representations of women's experiences of hysteria.[2] [3]Hysteria included expressions of uncontrolled emotions, interpersonal manipulations, sexual assertiveness, and seizures, including postures of a physiological contortion. [4]The photographic images of Gleizes as evidence toward Charcot's case conceptualization, the 'truth' of hysteria in women, and the performative gestures of psychological suffering thus concretized the women's experiences of distress and continue to influence diagnoses.[4][5][6] Current discourse organizes Gleizes symptoms in light of the sexual abuse and other violence she experienced as a younger woman. In light of this victimization, the nature of her "performance" as a patient becomes questionable when judged by ethical standards of practice. Of further ethical note, when Gleizes no longer agreed to be photographed, she was admitted to solitary confinement in the Hospital. In 1880, she escaped the hospital, disguised in men's clothes.[7] After that she was never seen again.[2] Charcot's work with her made him more famous, and he remains best remembered for it.[2] In popular cultureJean-Luc Godard compares the figure of Lilian Gish in the film Way Down East to Gleizes (referred to as "Augustine at Salpetrière") in his documentary series Histoire(s) du cinéma. Winona Ryder appears to mimic Gleizes film stills in the 1992 adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula as she begins to experience early states of vampirism.{{cn|date=May 2018}} A 2012 French historical drama film, Augustine, is about a love affair between Charcot and Gleizes.[2][7][8][9] In reality, there was no sexual relationship between her and Charcot,[7] although questions have been raised about the ethics of her treatment and the overt sexualization that Charcot and other staff demanded of her, and her poor treatment when she refused to continue the performance.[10] The play Photographs of A by Daniel Keene, about her, was performed in 2014 at Melbourne Theatre Company’s NEON Festival.[2][11] Further reading about her
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|author=Olivier Walusinski, MD, Jacques Poirier, Hubért Duchy |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/346032 |title=Film Review, 'Augustine' |publisher= European Neurology |date=January 12, 2013 |accessdate=2017-08-26}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|author=Entertainment |url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/theatre/medical-historys-mystery-woman-finds-her-voice-20140609-zs1wc.html |title=Medical history's mystery woman finds her voice |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=2014-06-14 |accessdate=2017-08-26}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Goetz|first=C.G.|date=1991|title=Visual art in the neurologic career of Jean-Martin Charcot|url=|journal=Archives of Neurology|volume=48|pages=421-425|via=}} 4. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Medical muses: Hysteria in nineteenth-century Paris|last=Hustvedt|first=A|publisher=Norton & Co.|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=The Feminism and Visual Culture Reader|last=Jones|first=Amelia|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|isbn=|location=New York NY|pages=248-258, 300-308}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.talkspace.com/blog/2017/05/history-hysteria-sexism-diagnosis/|title=The History of Hysteria: Sexism in Diagnosis|last=|first=|date=May 18, 2017|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Name * |url=http://h-france.net/fffh/the-buzz/alice-winocours-augustine/ |title=Alice Winocour’s Augustine | Fiction and Film for French Historians |publisher=H-france.net |date=2013-07-01 |accessdate=2017-08-26}} 8. ^{{cite news| author= Scott, AO |title=Doctor and patient: a gothic love story |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/17/movies/augustine-by-alice-winocour-featuring-soko.html?_r=0&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1387641035-IIPZdojb7kRti2n7EGTRIQ |work=The New York Times |date= 16 May 2013 |accessdate= 21 December 2013}} 9. ^{{cite news| author=Olsen M |title=French actress-singer Soko finds quiet showcase in 'Augustine' |url= http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-french-actresssinger-soko-finds-quiet-showcase-in-augustine-20130521,0,7773214.story|work= Los Angeles Times |date= 21 May 2013|accessdate= 21 December 2013}} 10. ^{{Cite book|title=Medical muses: Hysteria in nineteenth-century Paris|last=Hustvedt|first=A|publisher=Norton 7 Co.|year=2011|isbn=|location=New York, NY|pages=}} 11. ^{{cite web|author=Melbourne Theatre Company |url=http://www.mtc.com.au/about/the-company/archive/neon-2014/photographs-of-a/ |title=Photographs of A |publisher=Mtc.com.au |date=2014-07-06 |accessdate=2017-08-26}} Categories{{DEFAULTSORT:Gleizes, Louise Augustine}} 3 : 1861 births|19th-century French women|Year of death missing |
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