| 词条 | Abhira Kingdom |
| 释义 |
|native_name = Abhira |conventional_long_name = Abhira Kingdom |common_name = Abhira |era = Early Classical |government_type = Monarchy |year_start = 248 A.D. |year_end = 315 or 415 A.D.[1] |s2 = Janapada |image_map = EpicIndia.jpg |image_map_alt = |image_map_caption = |capital = Trikuta[2] |common_languages = |religion = Vedic Hinduism Buddhism |currency = |title_leader = Janaka (King or Chief){{citation needed|date=June 2017}} |today = {{flag|India}} }} The Abhira kingdom in the Mahabharata is either of two kingdoms near the Sarasvati river. They were dominated by the Abhiras, sometimes referred to as Surabhira also, combining both Sura and Abhira kingdoms. Modern day Abhira territory lies within Northern areas of Gujarat and Southern Rajasthan, India. King Sivadatta was probably the founder of the Abhira/ahira kingdom.[3][4] Reference of Abhiras in MahabharatAbhiras are mentioned as warriors in support of Duryodhana in Mahabharta war.[5][6] The Gopas, whom Krishna had offered to Duryodhana to fight in his support when he himself joined Arjuna's side, were no other than the Yadavas themselves, who were also the Abhiras.[7][8][9] The Abhiras also have been described as Vrata Kshatriyas . The Abhiras are said to have looted the train of Arjuna, the Pandava, when he was returning from Dwaraka being accompanied by some of the members of "Sri Krishna's family after the death of the latter. Abhiras are said to have waylaid Arjuna and deprived him of remaining wealth from Dwarka and women somewhere in Punjab."[10] Abhiras who looted Arjuna were the supporters of the Kauravas, and in the Mahabharata,[11] Abhir, Gopa, Gopal[12] and Yadavas are all synonyms.[13][14][15] They defeated the hero of Mahabharatha war, and did spare him when he disclosed the identity of the members of the family of Sri Krishna.[16] Abhira kingdom of MaharashtraThe Abhiras ruled western Maharashtra which included Nasik, Aparanta, Lata [17] and Khandesh[18]Abhira kingdom of South IndiaAccording to historian Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya the abhira kingdom was far more extended in South India.[19] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya|title=Some Early Dynasties of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA128|accessdate=25 September 2017|year=1974|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-2941-1|pages=128–130}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=B.H. Mehta|title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands Vol II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gu_cN0MhteMC&pg=PA569|accessdate=26 September 2017|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|pages=569–|id=GGKEY:DDRXNHQXYN8}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India|author=Numismatic Society of India|date=1991|volume=53|issn=0029-6066|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sk1mAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 April 2015}} 4. ^The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Volume 53 5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aqo4AAAAIAAJ&q=Abhira+warriors&dq=Abhira+warriors&hl=en&ei=GOCSTZrdIdOVccjXrIkH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK |title=Man in India – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date=17 July 2007 |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 6. ^Man in India, Volume 54-page-39 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=6eCSTaeTGs7Bcd3cpIkH&ct=result&id=CGMqAQAAIAAJ&dq=Abhira+supported+Duryodhana&q=Gopas%2C+whom+Krishna |title=Man in India – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=l3CRTbmtLZGKuAP69cSNAQ&ct=result&id=oFHRAAAAMAAJ&dq=abhiras+looted+arjuna&q=abhiras |title=Ethnic history of Gujarat – Popatlal Govindlal Shah – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date=13 February 2009 |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 9. ^Ethnic history of Gujarat 10. ^Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India 11. ^Ancient Nepal 12. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=gomRTZaNF9C9cY2_oIkH&ct=result&id=WrAwAAAAMAAJ&dq=abhiras+of+rajasthan&q=The+Abhiras+and+Gopalas+are+synonymous |title=Ancient Nepal – D. R. Regmi, Nepal Institute of Asian Studies – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date=1 December 1973 |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43Fzt-G_-XYC&pg=PA3&dq=great+abhiras&hl=en&ei=3ymQTeabHImmcKyBvY0K&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=great%20abhiras&f=false |title=Encyclopaedia of ancient Indian ... – Subodh Kapoor – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 14. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZAiAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras+looted+arjuna&dq=abhiras+looted+arjuna&hl=en&ei=l3CRTbmtLZGKuAP69cSNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA |title=Social movements and social ... – M. S. A. Rao – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date=14 December 2006 |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=uG2RTb3xCYXQcZeeuUA&ct=result&id=tZAiAAAAMAAJ&dq=abhira+yadav&q=Kauravas |title=Social movements and social ... – M. S. A. Rao – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date=14 December 2006 |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 16. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=l3CRTbmtLZGKuAP69cSNAQ&ct=result&id=QJNHAAAAMAAJ&dq=abhiras+looted+arjuna&q=looted+the+train+of+Arjuna%2C |title=Yadavas through the ages, from ... – J. N. Singh Yadav – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date=28 August 2007 |accessdate=18 October 2011}} 17. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA129&dq=abhira+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIw-qAwe3bAhXIg1QKHXPrAZUQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=abhira%20kingdom&f=false| title= Some Early Dynasties of South India| publisher= Motilal| work= History | date= 1974 | author= By Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya| pages=129}} 18. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JggZAQAAIAAJ&dq=abhira+kingdom&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandesa| title= Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography, Volume 1 | publisher= Cosmo Publications | work= Geography | author= Subodh Kapoor | pages=2}} 19. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA129&dq=abhira+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIw-qAwe3bAhXIg1QKHXPrAZUQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=abhira%20kingdom&f=false| title= Some Early Dynasties of South India| publisher= Motilal| work= History | date= 1974 | author= By Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya| pages=129}}
3 : Kingdoms in the Mahabharata|Ancient empires and kingdoms of India|Yadava kingdoms |
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