| 释义 |
- Early life
- Career
- Notes
- Selected works
- References Citations Bibliography
{{short description|Canadian-born African-American writer}}{{Infobox person
| name = Lucretia Newman Coleman
| image = Lucretia Newman Coleman.jpg
| alt =
| caption = 1890
| birth_name = Lucretia Howe Newman
| birth_date = 1856
| birth_place = Dresden, Ontario, Canada
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1948|07|31|1856}} [1]
| death_place = Grand Rapids, Michigan [1]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = writer, journalist
| years_active = 1883–1894
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}Lucretia Newman Coleman (1856–1948)[1] was an African-American writer born in Canada to a fugitive slave. Fluent at the end of the nineteenth-century, her works were praised by her contemporaries of the African-American press. Early lifeLucretia Howe Newman was born in Dresden, Southwestern Ontario, Canada to Nancy D. (née Brown) and William P. Newman.{{sfn|Majors|1893|p=197}}{{sfn|Penn|1891|p=384}}{{sfn|Scruggs|1893|p=210}}{{sfn|Iowa Marriage Records|1884}} Her father was a runaway slave from Virginia, who was ordained as a Baptist minister after attending Oberlin College in 1842 and 1843. He pastored for a few years at the Union Baptist Church of Cincinnati, making numerous mission trips to Canada. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 passed, he settled his family in Ontario, where they remained until 1859.{{sfn|Jackson|Cooper|2014|p=107}}{{sfn|Cheek|Cheek|1996|p=120}} During this time, Lucretia was born around 1854.{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}} At that time, the family of six went to Haiti to investigate the possibility of settling there, but the prevalence of Catholicism made him turn his sights to Jamaica. In 1863, he determined to return to the United States and settled again in Cincinnati, resuming his pastorate at Union Baptist. He died in 1866 during a cholera epidemic.{{sfn|Jackson|Cooper|2014|p=107}}{{sfn|Cheek|Cheek|1996|p=120}}{{sfn|Taylor|1993|p=63}} Some accounts state that Newman's mother died after the family moved to Appleton, Wisconsin, and a 13-month illness ensued.{{sfn|Nelson|1996|p=124}} Others state that when the family moved to Appleton in 1867 following Rev. Newman's death, the family matriarch was Newman's step-mother, Sarah Cleggett Newman.{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}}{{#tag:ref|The 1851 Canadian Census of Chatham, Kent County, Canada West enumerated a W. P. and a Nancy D. Newman.{{sfn|Canada Census|1851-A}}{{sfn|Canada Census|1851-B}} A Nancy D. Newman died in 1859 and was buried in the British American Institute Cemetery, of Dresden, in the Chatham-Kent Municipality, Ontario, Canada{{sfn|Find A Grave|2009}} On 15 August 1859 in Kent, Ontario, Canada, William P. Newman of Williamsburg, Virginia married Sarah Clegget of Pennsylvania.{{sfn|Kent County Marriage Register|1859}}|group="Notes"}} The family lived a block away from the Cleggett family home in Appleton.{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}} In 1872, Newman enrolled in Lawrence University to study sciences, as one of the first black students at the university. Some of her biographers have said that Newman graduated from Lawrence, but university archives show she was only there for two years and did not earn a degree.{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}}{{sfn|Dix|2013}} The family left Appleton in 1876.{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}}{{sfn|Dix|2013}} CareerAfter her studies, Newman became a music teacher and worked in a dry goods store, before being hired as a secretary and book keeper for the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1883.{{sfn|Nelson|1996|p=124}}{{sfn|Penn|1891|p=385}} That same year, her first known work, "Lucille of Montana", was published in Our Women and Children to acclaim.{{sfn|Nelson|1996|p=124}} In 1884, Newman married Robert J. Coleman in Des Moines, Iowa{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}}{{sfn|Iowa Marriage Records|1884|p=37}} and soon afterwards moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota. Their daughter, Alberta Roberta was born in 1886 while they lived in Minnesota,{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}}{{sfn|U. S. Census|1900|p=14}} Coleman's home included her brother Albert Newman.{{sfn|Minnesota State Census|1895|p=11}}{{sfn|U. S. Census|1900|p=14}} Through the 1880s and 1890s, she published in such volumes as the A.M.E. Church Review and the American Baptist{{sfn|Nelson|1996|p=124}} and her works were widely praised in black journals for the scientific and philosophical depth of the writing.{{sfn|Majors|1893|p=198}}{{sfn|Scruggs|1893|p=211}} Her novel, Poor Ben: A Story of Real Life (1890), was critically acclaimed by her contemporaries{{sfn|Scruggs|1893|p=211}} and in 1894, she served as a vice president of the Colored Authors' Association.{{sfn|The Washington Times|1894|p=2}} By the 1920s, she and her daughter were living in Chicago, where she listed her occupation as dressmaker.{{sfn|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016|p=2}} She died in 1948 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she is interred at the Woodlawn Cemetery.[1] Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{findagrave|137660488}}
Selected works- {{cite book|last1=Coleman|first1=Lucretia H. Newman|title=Poor Ben: A Story of Real Life|date=1890|publisher=Publishing House of the A.M.E. Sunday-School Union|location=Nashville, Tennessee|page=8|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010002406445;view=1up;seq=8;size=125|oclc=919955215}}
References Citations{{Reflist|30em}}Bibliography{{refbegin|30em}}- {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Cheek|first1=William F.|last2=Cheek|first2=Aimee Lee|title=John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829-65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbvS4GUA7mMC&pg=PA120|year=1996|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-0-252-06591-0}}
- {{cite web|ref=harv |last1=Dix |first1=Erin |title=Lucretia Newman Coleman |url=http://blogs.lawrence.edu/library-archives/2013/01/lucretia_newman_coleman.html |website=Lawrence Archives |publisher=Lawrence University |accessdate=26 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906093221/http://blogs.lawrence.edu/library-archives/2013/01/lucretia_newman_coleman.html |archivedate=6 September 2015 |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |date=18 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
- {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Jackson|first1=Eric R.|last2=Cooper|first2=Richard|title=Cincinnati's Underground Railroad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vj1oBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|year=2014|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|location=Charleston, South Carolina|isbn=978-1-4396-4461-4}}
- {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Majors|first=Monroe A.|title=Noted Negro women, their triumphs and activities|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015020650522;view=1up;seq=205|edition=Reprint 1971 by Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press|year=1893|publisher=Donohue and Henneberry|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=0-8369-8733-0}}
- {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Nelson|first1=Jessica A.|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Jessie Carney|title=Notable Black American Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBzqrUpjwC&pg=PA124|volume=II|year=1996|publisher=Gale Research Group|location=New York, New York|isbn=978-0-8103-9177-2|chapter=Lucretia Newman Coleman (18??–??)|pages=124–125}}
- {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Penn|first=Irvine Garland|title=The Afro-American press and its editors|url=https://archive.org/details/afroamericanpre00penngoog|year=1891|publisher=Willey & Company|location=Springfield, Massachusetts|oclc=503673564}}
- {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Scruggs|first=Lawson Andrew|title=Women of Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.aa0014724744;view=1up;seq=273|year=1893|publisher=L. A. Scruggs|location=Raleigh, North Carolina|oclc=4255360}}
- {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Taylor|first=Henry Louis|title=Race and the City: Work, Community, and Protest in Cincinnati, 1820-1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9l_e3Adl7n0C&pg=PA63|year=1993|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-0-252-01986-9}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Canada Census|1851-A}}|author=|title=1851 Canada Census, Chatham, Kent County, Canada West (Ontario)|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MWTW-N79|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|accessdate=26 February 2017|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|date=1851}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Canada Census|1851-B}}|author=|title=1851 Canada Census, Chatham, Kent County, Canada West (Ontario)|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MWTW-N7M|website=FamilySearch|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|accessdate=26 February 2017|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|date=1851}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Minnesota State Census|1895}}|author=|title=1895 Minnesota State Census, Minneapolis, Wards 5-6|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6PDS-LD7?mode=g&i=1185&cc=1503031|website=FamilySearch|publisher=State Library and Records Service|accessdate=26 February 2017|location=St. Paul, Minnesota|date=June 11, 1895}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|U. S. Census|1900}}|author=|title=1900 U. S. Census, Minneapolis, Ward 5|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6Q2W-D7L?mode=g&i=28&cc=1325221|website=FamilySearch|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|accessdate=26 February 2017|location=Washington, D.C.|date=June 9, 1900|id=NARA publication series T623}}
- {{cite news|ref={{harvid|The Washington Times|1894}}|author=|title=Colored Authors' Association|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9191487/colored_authors_association_the/|accessdate=26 February 2017|publisher=The Washington Times|date=July 27, 1894|location=Washington, D. C.|page=2}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Iowa Marriage Records|1884}}|author=|title=Iowa, County Marriages, 1838–1934|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XJF5-QJM|website=FamilySearch|publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|accessdate=26 February 2017|location=Salt Lake City, Utah|date=3 July 1884|id=GS Film #001014766}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Kent County Marriage Register|1859}}|author=|title=Kent County marriage register, 1858–1869|volume=23|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS7D-16JZ?mode=g&cc=2568642|website=FamilySearch|publisher=The Archives of Ontario|accessdate=26 February 2017|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|date=1859|id=Archives of Ontario film #MS 248, reel 8}}
- {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association|2016}} |author= |title=Lucretia H. Newman Coleman |journal=Neighborhood News |date=Winter 2016 |url=http://www.focol.org/oldthirdward/newsletter-2016-winter.pdf |accessdate=26 February 2017 |publisher=Old Third Ward Neighborhood Association |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721233407/http://www.focol.org///oldthirdward/newsletter-2016-winter.pdf |archivedate=21 July 2016 |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |deadurl=yes |df= }}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Find A Grave|2009}}|author=|title=Nancy D. Newman|url=https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=39610883|website=Find A Grave|accessdate=26 February 2017|date=July 18, 2009|postscript=. Only photograph of tombstone being used as reference.}}
{{refend}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Coleman, Lucretia Newman}} 10 : 1856 births|1948 deaths|19th-century American novelists|19th-century American women writers|African-American novelists|African-American women writers|American women novelists|Black Canadian writers|Canadian emigrants to the United States|People from Chatham-Kent |