| 词条 | Madhu Road National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Madhu Road National Park | alt_name = {{lang|ta|மடு றோட் தேசிய பூங்கா}} {{lang|si|මඩු පාර ජාතික වනෝද්යානය}} | iucn_category = II | photo = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | photo_width = | map = Sri Lanka Northern Province#Sri Lanka | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within Northern Province | map_width = | relief = | label = Madhu Road National Park | label_position = bottom | mark = | marker_size = | location = Northern Province | nearest_city = Mannar | coords = {{coord|08|55|50|N|80|12|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area = {{Convert|630.6739|km2|sqmi|adj=ri0|0|abbr=on}} | designation = | authorized = | created = | established = {{Start date|1968|06|28|df=yes}} (sanctuary) {{Start date|2015|06|22|df=yes}} (national park) | designated = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = Department of Wildlife Conservation | operator = | owner = Government of Sri Lanka | world_heritage_site = | website = | url = | child = | embedded = }} Madhu Road National Park ({{lang-ta|மடு றோட் தேசிய பூங்கா|translit=Maṭu Ṟōṭ Tēciya Pūṅkā}}; {{lang-si|මඩු පාර ජාතික වනෝද්යානය|translit=Maḍu Pāra Jātika Vanōdyānaya}} ) is a national park in northern Sri Lanka, approximately {{Convert|25|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of Mannar. HistoryThe Madhu Road area was designated as a sanctuary on 28 June 1968 under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance (No. 2) of 1937.[1][2] The sanctuary had an area of {{Convert|26677|ha|acre|adj=ri0|0|abbr=on}}.[1][2] Following the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War the government announced plans to convert various sanctuaries in the Northern Province into national parks.[3][4] The sanctuary was subject to illegal sand excavation, tree felling and unplanned development by the government.[5][6] An Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of Northern Province produced by the government with the assistance of United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Environment Programme and published in October 2014 recommended that Madhu Road sanctuary, excluding developed areas, and the surrounding state-owned forests be upgraded to a national park.[7] The recommendation would see the sanctuary's area grow from {{Convert|26677|ha|acre|adj=ri0|0|abbr=on}} to {{Convert|63067.39|ha|acre|adj=ri0|0|abbr=on}} as a result of absorbing state-owned forests nearby.[8] The Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu would be located inside the national park.[8][9] In May 2015 the government announced that Madhu Road, along with Adam's Bridge, Chundikkulam and Delft would be designated national parks.[9] Madhu Road sanctuary became a national park on 22 June 2015 with an area of {{Convert|63067.39|ha|acre|adj=ri0|0|abbr=on}}.[10]{{Efn|Another source gives the national park's area as {{Convert|16367.36|ha|acre|adj=ri0|0|abbr=on}}.[11]}} Flora and faunaNumerous varieties of birds are found in Madhu Road including Alexandrine parakeet, ashy-crowned sparrow-lark, ashy prinia, ashy woodswallow, Asian koel, Asian palm swift, baya weaver, black drongo, black-hooded oriole, black-rumped flameback, black-winged kite, blue-faced malkoha, brahminy kite, brown-headed barbet, changeable hawk-eagle, common emerald dove, common iora, common myna, common tailorbird, common woodshrike, coppersmith barbet, crested honey buzzard, crimson-fronted barbet, greater coucal, greater racket-tailed drongo, green bee-eater, green imperial pigeon, grey-breasted prinia, house crow, house sparrow, Indian paradise flycatcher, Indian peafowl, Indian robin, Indian roller, Jerdon's bush lark, Jerdon's leafbird, jungle crow, jungle prinia, large cuckooshrike, Malabar pied hornbill, orange-breasted green pigeon, oriental magpie-robin, paddyfield pipit, plain prinia, Sri Lanka green pigeon, purple sunbird, red-rumped swallow, red-vented bulbul, red-wattled lapwing, rock dove, rose-ringed parakeet, scaly-breasted munia, shikra, small minivet, spotted dove, Sri Lanka grey hornbill, Sri Lankan junglefowl, tawny-bellied babbler, white-bellied sea eagle, white-browed bulbul, white-browed fantail, white-rumped munia, white-rumped shama, yellow-billed babbler, yellow-eyed babbler and Zitting cisticola.[1] Mammals found in the park include Asian elephant, bear, chevrotain, chital, golden jackal, grey langur, grizzled giant squirrel, Indian grey mongoose, Indian hare, Indian palm squirrel, leopard, muntjac, purple-faced langur, ruddy mongoose, toque macaque, water buffalo and wild boar.[1][8] Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Clean Energy and Network Efficiency Improvement Project - Initial Environmental Examination|url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/150170/43576-013-iee-01.pdf|publisher=Asian Development Bank|pages=24-25|date=October 2014}} {{National Parks of Sri Lanka}}{{Northern Province, Sri Lanka topics}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Green|first=Michael J. B.|title=IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas|date=1990|publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature|isbn=2-8317-0030-2|page=194|url=https://archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofs90gree}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=New Wildlife Parks In The North|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2010/06/01/new-wildlife-parks-in-the-north/|work=The Sunday Leader|date=1 June 2010}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Ladduwahetty |first1=Ravi |title=Elephant experts predict miserable failure |url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-69133-news-detail-elephant-experts-predict-miserable-failure.html |work=Ceylon Today |date=28 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126040611/http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-69133-news-detail-elephant-experts-predict-miserable-failure.html |archivedate=26 January 2016 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Kannangara|first1=Nirmala|title=Sanctuaries Threatened By Excavations And Deforestation|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2012/09/09/sanctuaries-threatened-by-excavations-and-deforestation/|work=The Sunday Leader|date=9 September 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Kuruwita|first1=Rathindra|title=Madhu forest sanctuary in Mannar District being systematically destroyed through excavating sand and felling trees|url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/5748|publisher=dbsjeyaraj.com/Lakbima News|date=21 April 2012}} 7. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Mallawatantri|editor1-first=Ananda|editor2-last=Marambe|editor2-first=Buddhi|editor3-last=Skehan|editor3-first=Connor|title=Integrated Strategic Environment Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka|date=October 2014|publisher=Central Environmental Authority, Sri Lanka and Disaster Management Centre of Sri Lanka|isbn=978-955-9012-55-9|page=75|url=http://203.115.26.10/ISEA_North_final.pdf}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Abhayagunawardena|first1=Vidya|title=Will conservation boom in the north?|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/150329/plus/will-conservation-boom-in-the-north-141547.html|work=The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|date=29 March 2015}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Rodrigo|first1=Malaka|title=Wild north gets Govt’s helping hand at last|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/150510/news/wild-north-gets-govts-helping-hand-at-last-148433.html|work=The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|date=10 May 2015}} 10. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.documents.gov.lk/Extgzt/2015/PDF/Jun/1920_03/1920_03%20E.pdf |date=22 June 2015 |title=PART I : SECTION (I) — GENERAL Government Notifications THE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION ORDINANCE (CHAPTER 469) Order under Subsection (4) of Section 2 |journal=The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Extraordinary |volume=1920/03 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dwc.gov.lk/index.php/en/national-parks|title=National Parks|publisher=Department of Wildlife Conservation|access-date=2016-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120145912/http://www.dwc.gov.lk/index.php/en/national-parks#|archive-date=2016-01-20|dead-url=yes|df=}} 9 : 1968 establishments in Ceylon|Madhu DS Division|Manthai East DS Division|Manthai West DS Division|National parks of Sri Lanka|Protected areas established in 1968|Protected areas in Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Vavuniya DS Division|Venkalacheddikulam DS Division |
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