| 词条 | Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz |
| 释义 |
| name = Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz | image = | caption = Zernicka-Goetz at Cambridge in 2016 | residence = Warsaw, Poland; Oxford, UK; Cambridge, UK | citizenship = Polish and British | fields = Molecular Embryology and Stem Cell Biology | workplaces = University of Warsaw; University of Oxford; University of Cambridge | patrons = Andrzej Tarkowski; Chris Graham, Martin Evans, John Gurdon | alma_mater = Ph.D., University of Warsaw | known_for = Fate decisions in preimplantation embryo; cytoplasmic movements in zygote predict developmental success; in vitro development of implantation stage embryos; synthetic embryos from stem cells | website = http://zernickagoetzlab.pdn.cam.ac.uk/ }}Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz FMedSci[1][2][3] is a Polish/British developmental biologist. She is Professor of Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology in the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Fellow of Sidney Sussex College at the University of Cambridge EducationZernicka-Goetz was born in Warsaw, Poland. She received her Master of Science degree (summa cum laude) in developmental biology (1988) and her PhD degree in the developmental biology of mammals (1993) from the University of Warsaw with one year (1990–91) spent at the University of Oxford. Career and researchAfter obtaining her Ph.D., Zernicka-Goetz spent two years as a post-doctoral EMBO fellow with Professor Sir Martin Evans in the Wellcome Trust / Cancer Research UK Institute (now the Gurdon Institute) in Cambridge. In 1997, she started her independent group in the Gurdon Institute where she was a Lister Institute Senior Research Fellow (1997-2002) and subsequently a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow. In 2014, she moved her laboratory to the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience of the University of Cambridge. In 2007, she was awarded a readership and in 2010 a professorship at the University of Cambridge. She was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organisation[4] in 2007, a fellow of the British Academy of Medical Sciences,[5] 2013, and a foreign member of Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016. Scientific contributionsZernicka-Goetz carried out her Ph.D. studies with Andrzej Tarkowski (Warsaw) and Chris Graham (Oxford) and her post-doctoral training with Sir Martin Evans (Cambridge). Upon setting up her independent group in 1997, she studied the mechanisms regulating early mammalian development. To do this, she was first to establish RNA interference in mammalian cells to determine cell fate in the mouse embryos.[6] At that time, she also began to trace the origins and destinies of cells in the preimplantation mouse embryo that let her to discover that cell fate specification begins earlier than expected,[7][8][9][10] an unexpected discovery but subsequently validated by her group and others. She found that this development of cell identity begins with heterogeneity in epigenetic regulation at the 4-cell stage[11] that directs a molecular cascade establishing cell polarity, position and fate.[12][13][14][15] Her recent development of systems permitting both mouse and human embryogenesis during implantation and early post-implantation stages in vitro allowed her to reveal that mouse and human embryo remodelling at implantation is done autonomously by the embryo. She uncovered the mechanism underlying embryo remodelling between the blastocyst and gastrula stages that has led to a change in the textbook model.[16][17] Her demonstration of the self-organisation of human embryos developing in vitro until day 13/14, gastrulation, has provided an unprecedented opportunity to study human development at previously inaccessible and critical stages.[18] This discovery was hailed as the people's choice for the scientific breakthrough of 2016 by Science magazine.[19][20] The knowledge she gained through her work on how the embryo develops during the blastocyst to gastrula transition, allowed her to mimic these developmental processes with different types of stem cells in vitro. This led her to the pioneering success of constructing embryo-like structures from pluripotent embryonic and multipotent extra-embryonic (trophoblast) stem cells in a 3D scaffold of extra-cellular matrix proteins in vitro.[21] These "synthetic embryos" recapitulate the natural architecture of the embryo and their patterns of gene expression leading to the specification of the germ layers and germ cells. This system allowed her to identify signalling pathways responsible for morphogenesis of stem cells into embryos. Together these models bring outstanding potential for understanding development and for regenerative medicine. Translational studies: Zernicka-Goetz's work brings insight of great value to the IVF clinic. Her group have shown that sperm entry induces actomyosin-driven cytoplasmic flows that are predictive of successful development to birth in the mouse.[22] This provides an opportunity to identify quantitatively and non-invasively the healthiest embryos to transfer to would-be-mothers in IVF. Stimulated by the finding of placental cells with abnormal chromosome complements (aneuploid cells) in her own pregnancy, she began to study the consequence of aneuploidy upon development in a mouse model. Her lab generated an experimental model to find that aneuploid cells arising during embryogenesis in the mouse embryo become eliminated by apoptosis in embryonic but not extra-embryonic tissues.[23] This gives insight into why mosaic aneuploidy identified by chorionic-villus-sampling can be tolerated in human pregnancies. Through public engagement the potential impact of Zernicka-Goetz's work is now becoming widely recognised.[24][25] Awards and honors
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://zernickagoetzlab.pdn.cam.ac.uk/|title=MZG|website=zernickagoetzlab.pdn.cam.ac.uk|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-02}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zernicka-Goetz, Magdalena}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/directory/magda-zernicka-goetz|title=Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz — Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience|last=ri256@cam.ac.uk|website=www.pdn.cam.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-04-02}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sid.cam.ac.uk/aboutus/people/person.html?crsid=mz205|title=College Fellows and Staff - Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University|website=www.sid.cam.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-04-02}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.embo.org/documents/news/press_releases/2007/new_embo_members_07.pdf|title=EMBO Members elected 2007|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/fellow/Professor-Magdalena-Zernicka-Goetz-0008953|title=Professor Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz {{!}} The Academy of Medical Sciences|website=acmedsci.ac.uk|access-date=2017-04-02}} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wianny F, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Specific interference with gene function by double-stranded RNA in early mouse development | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 70–5 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10655585 | doi = 10.1038/35000016 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Piotrowska K, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo | journal = Nature | volume = 409 | issue = 6819 | pages = 517–21 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11206548 | doi = 10.1038/35054069 }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang QT, Piotrowska K, Ciemerych MA, Milenkovic L, Scott MP, Davis RW, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = A genome-wide study of gene activity reveals developmental signaling pathways in the preimplantation mouse embryo | journal = Developmental Cell | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 133–44 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14723853 | doi = 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00404-0 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Plusa B, Hadjantonakis AK, Gray D, Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Jedrusik A, Papaioannou VE, Glover DM, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = The first cleavage of the mouse zygote predicts the blastocyst axis | journal = Nature | volume = 434 | issue = 7031 | pages = 391–5 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15772664 | doi = 10.1038/nature03388 }} 10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Piotrowska-Nitsche K, Perea-Gomez A, Haraguchi S, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have different developmental properties | journal = Development | volume = 132 | issue = 3 | pages = 479–90 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15634695 | doi = 10.1242/dev.01602 }} 11. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Torres-Padilla ME, Parfitt DE, Kouzarides T, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Histone arginine methylation regulates pluripotency in the early mouse embryo | journal = Nature | volume = 445 | issue = 7124 | pages = 214–8 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17215844 | pmc = 3353120 | doi = 10.1038/nature05458}} 12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Jedrusik A, Bruce AW, Tan MH, Leong DE, Skamagki M, Yao M, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Maternally and zygotically provided Cdx2 have novel and critical roles for early development of the mouse embryo | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 344 | issue = 1 | pages = 66–78 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20430022 | pmc = 2954319 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.017}} 13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Morris SA, Teo RT, Li H, Robson P, Glover DM, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Origin and formation of the first two distinct cell types of the inner cell mass in the mouse embryo | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 107 | issue = 14 | pages = 6364–9 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20308546 | pmc = 2852013 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0915063107}} 14. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Goolam M, Scialdone A, Graham SJ, Macaulay IC, Jedrusik A, Hupalowska A, Voet T, Marioni JC, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Heterogeneity in Oct4 and Sox2 Targets Biases Cell Fate in 4-Cell Mouse Embryos | journal = Cell | volume = 165 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–74 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 27015307 | pmc = 4819611 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.047}} 15. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = White MD, Angiolini JF, Alvarez YD, Kaur G, Zhao ZW, Mocskos E, Bruno L, Bissiere S, Levi V, Plachta N | title = Long-Lived Binding of Sox2 to DNA Predicts Cell Fate in the Four-Cell Mouse Embryo | journal = Cell | volume = 165 | issue = 1 | pages = 75–87 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 27015308 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.032 }} 16. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Morris SA, Grewal S, Barrios F, Patankar SN, Strauss B, Buttery L, Alexander M, Shakesheff KM, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Dynamics of anterior-posterior axis formation in the developing mouse embryo | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 3 | pages = 673 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22334076 | pmc = 3293425 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms1671}} 17. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bedzhov I, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Self-organizing properties of mouse pluripotent cells initiate morphogenesis upon implantation | journal = Cell | volume = 156 | issue = 5 | pages = 1032–44 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24529478 | pmc = 3991392 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.023 }} 18. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Shahbazi MN, Jedrusik A, Vuoristo S, Recher G, Hupalowska A, Bolton V, Fogarty NM, Campbell A, Devito LG, Ilic D, Khalaf Y, Niakan KK, Fishel S, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | pages = 700–8 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27144686 | pmc = 5049689 | doi = 10.1038/ncb3347 }} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/cambridge-study-named-as-peoples-choice-for-science-magazines-breakthrough-of-the-year-2016|title=Cambridge study named as People’s Choice for Science magazine’s ‘Breakthrough of the Year 2016’|date=2016-12-22|work=University of Cambridge|access-date=2017-04-02|language=en}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/12/ripples-spacetime-sciences-2016-breakthrough-year|title=Ripples in spacetime: Science's 2016 Breakthrough of the Year|date=2016-12-19|work=Science {{!}} AAAS|access-date=2017-04-02|language=en}} 21. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison SE, Sozen B, Christodoulou N, Kyprianou C, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Assembly of embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells to mimic embryogenesis in vitro | journal = Science | volume = 356 | issue = 6334 | pages = eaal1810 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28254784 | doi = 10.1126/science.aal1810 }} 22. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ajduk A, Ilozue T, Windsor S, Yu Y, Seres KB, Bomphrey RJ, Tom BD, Swann K, Thomas A, Graham C, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Rhythmic actomyosin-driven contractions induced by sperm entry predict mammalian embryo viability | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 2 | pages = 417 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21829179 | pmc = 3265380 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms1424}} 23. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bolton H, Graham SJ, Van der Aa N, Kumar P, Theunis K, Fernandez Gallardo E, Voet T, Zernicka-Goetz M | title = Mouse model of chromosome mosaicism reveals lineage-specific depletion of aneuploid cells and normal developmental potential | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 7 | pages = 11165 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 27021558 | pmc = 4820631 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms11165}} 24. ^{{Citation|last=Stanford|title=Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz - Conception and Early Development|date=2016-06-08|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cZhuXTvfis|accessdate=2017-04-02}} 25. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogel G | title = Pushing the limit | journal = Science | volume = 354 | issue = 6311 | pages = 404–407 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27789822 | doi = 10.1126/science.354.6311.404}} 26. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ivifoundation.net/en/The-Foundation.aspx | title = The Foundation | last = IVI | first = Fundación | website = www.ivifoundation.net | language=en-GB | access-date = 2017-04-02 }} 6 : 21st-century British biologists|21st-century women scientists|British women biologists|Living people|Polish biologists|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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