| 词条 | Abrothrix olivaceus |
| 释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Abrothrix | species = olivaceus | authority = (Waterhouse, 1837) | synonyms = Akodon mansoensis Akodon olivaceus Akodon xanthorhinus }} Abrothrix olivaceus, also known as the olive grass mouse[1] or olive akodont,[2] is a species of rodent in the genus Abrothrix of family Cricetidae. It is found from northern Chile into southern Chile and Argentina, including the islands of Tierra del Fuego. It is prone to large swings in population size. TaxonomyAbrothrix olivaceus has had a complex history in both of the genera Akodon and Abrothrix, and includes at least 27 synonyms. A few, including markhami, mansoensis, and xanthorhinus have been viewed as valid species until recent years, and several subspecies are still recognized, including Abrothrix olivaceus markhami.[3]DescriptionThe olive grass mouse is a small rodent with a total length of about {{convert|17|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The upper parts are greyish-brown, sometimes slightly yellowish around the snout, and the underparts are pale to mid-grey.[4] Distribution and habitatThis species is found in northern and central Chile and the westernmost fringes of Argentina, southern Chile and Patagonia, including the larger offshore islands and the islands of Tierra del Fuego. Its habitat varies; in Patagonia it inhabits arid bushy steppes; further north it is found in the forests of Nothofagus, Saxegothaea and bamboo; elsewhere it occurs in tussocky grassland, marshes and wet meadows.[5] EcologyThe olive grass mouse is mostly diurnal. In grassy habitats, it creates runways and makes a nest of grasses in a tussock, among roots or under a rock. It can climb and also dig, and in Chile it sometimes occupies burrows made by other mammals such as the coruro (Spalacopus cyanus). It feeds on berries, seeds, shoots, leaves, fungi and small invertebrates. It breeds in spring and summer and litter sizes average five young. Under favourable conditions, and in El Niño years, populations can increase dramatically. This mouse is preyed on by barn owls (Tyto tyto) and lesser horned owls (Bubo magellanicus), various other birds and foxes.[5] Outbreaks of this species sometimes occur. In 1990, the bamboo Chusquea valdiviensis had a mass seeding phenomenon in which over a million hectares of this bamboo in southern Chile flowered at the same time and then died. The enormous quantities of seeds were followed by a mass population increase of the rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and to a lesser extent, of the olive grass mouse. Increases in rodent numbers can be attributed to a greater fecundity, a higher survival rate of juveniles and an extension in the breeding season. Since many of the bamboo seeds were retained within the flowering spikelets for a year, further rodent population peaks occurred in subsequent years.[6] StatusA. olivaceus is a common species with a presumed large population. It has a wide range and is present in several protected areas. It seems tolerant of habitat degradation and no particular threats have been identified, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]References1. ^1 2 {{IUCN2013.2 |assessor=Patterson, B. |assessor2=Pardinas, U. |assessor3=D'Elia, G. |year=2008 |version=2013.2 |id=751 |title=Abrothrix olivaceus |downloaded=2015-08-30}} 2. ^Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1090 3. ^Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1090; Rodríguez-Serrano et al., 2008 4. ^{{cite book|author=Sharon Chester|title=A Wildlife Guide to Chile: Continental Chile, Chilean Antarctica, Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrI5ph6BWiIC&pg=PA311|date=19 April 2010|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=1-4008-3150-4|pages=311–}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author1=James L. Patton|author2=Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas|author3=Guillermo D'Elía|title=Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aHLBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|date=9 March 2015|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-16957-6|pages=123–}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author1=Gallardo, Milton H. |author2=Mercado, Claudia L. |year=1999 |title=Mast seeding of bamboo shrubs and mouse outbreaks in southern Chile |journal=Mastozoología Neotropical |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=103–111 |url=http://www.sarem.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/SAREM_MastNeotrop_6-2_04_Gallardo.pdf }} Literature cited
7 : Abrothrix|Mammals of Argentina|Mammals of Chile|Mammals of Patagonia|Taxa named by George Robert Waterhouse|Mammals described in 1837|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。