“Mahmut Esat Bozkurt”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条 Mahmut Esat Bozkurt

释义

Life
Politics
Later years
Lotus case
Works
References

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{{Infobox Politician
| name = Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
| image = Mahmut Esat.jpg
| caption = Mahmut Esat in the 1930s
| birth_name = Mahmut Esat
| birth_date = 1892
| birth_place = Kuşadası, Aydın Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
| death_date = {{death date and age|1943|12|21|1892}}
| death_place =
| nationality = Turkish
| office1 = Minister of Economy
| primeminister1 = Rauf Bey, Fethi Bey
| term_start1 = 12 July 1922
| term_end1 = 24 September 1923
| predecessor1 = Hasan Saka|
| successor1 = Hasan Saka
| known_for1 =
| office2 = Minister of Justice
| primeminister2 = İsmet İnönü
| term_start2 = 22 November 1924
| term_end2 = 27 September 1930
| predecessor2 = Mustafa Necati
| successor2 = Yusuf Kemal Bey
| known_for = Turkish civil code (1926), Lotus case
| alma_mater = Istanbul University's Law School
| education = Law
| occupation = Jurist, politician and academic
| party = Republican People's Party (CHP)
}}

Mahmut Esat Bozkurt (1892–21 December 1943) was a Turkish jurist, politician, government minister and academic. His birth name was Mahmut Esat. But after the adaptation of the Turkish Surname Law in 1934, he chose the surname Bozkurt suggested by Kemal Atatürk as a reminiscence of his famous victory in international court (see below)

Life

Mahmut Esat was born to Hasan Bey of Hacı Mahmutoğulları in Kuşadası, Aydın Vilayet during the Ottoman Empire era in 1892. He finished the idadi (high school) in İzmir in 1908, and graduated from İstanbul University's School of Law in 1912. He traveled to Fribourg, Switzerland for further studies. He completed his doctorate thesis Du régime des capitulations ottomanes ("On the Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire") with summa cum laude, "highest honor" at the University of Fribourg. In Lausanne, he served as the leader of the Turkish Student Association.^[1]

In 1919, after Greek landing at Smyrna, he returned home to join the nationals in the Turkish War of Independence. He secretly traveled in an Italian ship, which was carrying ammunition to the Italian occupation troops in Anatolia. Although he was arrested by the Italians, he managed to escape.

Politics

He became a member of the Turkish parliament established on 23 April 1920. He held this post up to his death in 1943.

Before the proclamation of the Republic in the 4th cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, he was appointed Minister of Economy on 12 July 1922. He held this post in the 5th cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey up to 24 September 1923. After the Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, he was elected a deputy of İzmir and served as Minister of Justice in the 3rd, 4th and the 5th government of Turkey between 22 November 1924 – 27 September 1930.^[1]

Later years

After resigning from the post of Justice Minister, he became a professor at Ankara University and taught International law at the Law School and Constitutional law at the Faculty of Political Science. He authored the books Lotus Davasında Türkiye-Fransa Müdafaaları (1927), Türk İhtilalinde Vatan Müdafaası (1934), Türk Köylü ve İşçilerinin Hakları (1939), Devletlerarası Hak (1940), Atatürk İhtilali (1940) and Aksak Timur’un Devlet Politikası (1943).^[1]

Mahmut Esat is known as the progenitor of Turkish civil code (1926). The preamble of the code written by Mahmut Esat is considered to reflect the philosophy of Turkish Revolution.^[7]^[8]

He died from intracerebral hemorrhage in Istanbul on 21 December 1943.^[1]

Lotus case

Mahmut Esat was also known by his struggles in an international trial named the Lotus case. On 2 August 1926, a French streamship named S.S. Lotus collided on high seas with the Turkish steamer S.S. Boz-Kourt causing the death of eight Turkish seamen. As the lieutenant on watch duty of the French vessel was arrested by the Turkish government, French government accused Turkey in the Permanent Court of International Justice claiming that Turkey had no right to arrest any French person. French side in the court was represented by the renowned law professor Jules Basdevant. Mahmut East personally defended the Turkish position in court. The court rejected France's position.^[1]

Works

Lotus Davasında Türkiye-Fransa Müdafaaları (1927) ("The Defenses of Turkey-France in the Lotus Case")
Türk İhtilalinde Vatan Müdafaası (1934) ("Defense of Motherland in the Turkish Revoluiton")
Türk Köylü ve İşçilerinin Hakları (1939) ("Rights of the Turkish Peasant and Workers")
Devletlerarası Hak (1940) ("International Law")
Atatürk İhtilali (1940) ("Atatürk's Revolution")
Aksak Timur’un Devlet Politikası (1943) ("State policy of Timur the Lame")

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://turkalevi.files.wordpress.com/2006/02/tc3bcrk-ihtilalinin-dc3bcsturlarc4b1-ve-mahmut-esat-bozkurt.pdf |publisher=Türk İhtilali |title=Türk İhtilali'nin Düsturları ve Mahmut Esat Bozkurt -I- |author=Uyar, Hakkı |language=Turkish |accessdate=2017-08-16 }}
2. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://medeni-kanununun-kabul-edilmesi.nedir.org/ |publisher=Nedir |title=Medeni Kanununun Kabul Edilmesi Nedir |language=Turkish |accessdate=2017-08-16 }}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |url=https://www.biyografi.net.tr/mahmut-esat-bozkurt-kimdir/ |publisher=Biyografi |title=Mahmut Esat Bozkurt kimdır |language=Turkish |accessdate=2017-08-16 }}

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