1. Early life

2. Rise to fame

3. Later years

4. Works

5. See also

6. External links

7. References

Early life

Makal was born in the hamlet of Demirci in the Gülağaç district of Aksaray in 1930. In 1943, he began studying literature and poetry at the Ivriz Village Institute. His poems were first published in 1945 in the magazine "Türk'e Doğru" and in 1946 in the "Köy Enstitüsü" magazine, and he attracted wider notice with his Village Notes in Varlık magazine.^[2]

Rise to fame

After graduating from the Ivriz Village Institute in 1947, he worked as a village teacher for 6 years. In 1950, his observations from these years of teaching were published in a book called ‘Bizim Köy’ (Our Village), the first work of the village literature movement.^[3] It aroused very strong reactions across Turkey, and led to Makal being arrested and held in prison for a while.^[4]

Later years

He enrolled at the Ankara Gazi Institute in 1953 and also visited France to undertake research at the European Sociology Center. In the 1965 elections he was a candidate in Istanbul for the Workers Party of Turkey. He then worked as an inlet or of primary schools in Antalya, Ankara and Adana regions. In 1971, he left this job and taught Turkish at the İstanbul School for the Deaf and Dumb. Between 1971 and 1972 he managed Bizim Köy Publishing and in 1972 he taught Turkish Language and Literature at the University of Venice. In 1976 he retired from his position at the Karadeniz Copper Works.^[5]

Works

(source^[1])

• Bizim Köy (Our Village) 1950
• Köyümden (From My Village) 1952
• Memleketin Sahipleri (Lords of the Land) 1954
• Kuru Sevda (Dry Passion) 1957
• 17 Nisan (17 April) 1959
• Köye Gidenler (Going to the Village) 1959
• Kalkınma Masalı (The Development Myth) 1960
• Eğitimde Yolumuz Nereye (Which Way Is Our Education Going?) 1960
• İplik Pazarı (Yarn Market) 1964
• Kamçı Teslimi (Giving Up the Whip) 1965
• Ötelerin Havası (The Air of Yonder) 1965
• Halktan Ayrı Düşenler (Those Who Are Separated From the People) (1965)
• Köpeksiz Köy (The Village With No Dogs) (1965)
• Yer Altında Bir Anadolu (An Underground Anatolia) 1968)
• Bu Ne Biçim Ülke (What Kind Of Country Is This?) 1968
• Zulüm Makinesi-Öğretmen Kıyımı (The Oppression Machine-Carnage of Teachers) 1969
• Kokmuş Bir Düzende (A Rotten Order) 1970
• Açlık Pınarı (The Hunger Spring) (1973)
• Değişenler (What Has Changed (Our Village)) (1975)
• Karanlığı Zorlayanlar (Thise Forcing Darkness) 1976
• Köy Enstitüleri ve Ötesi (Village Institutes and Beyond) 1979
• Bir İşçinin Günlüğünden (From A Worker’s Diary) 1980
• Hayal ve Gerçek-Değişenler (Dreams and Reality – What Has Changed?) (1987)
• Ağlatı (Tragedy) (1989)
• Faust'un Dediği (The Sayings of Faust)(1990)
• Anımsı Acımsı (A Bitter Memoir) (1990)
• Bakırdaki Kıvılcım (Spark in Copper) (1992)
• Köy Enstitüleri ya da Deli Memedin Türküsü (Villages Institutes, or The Song of Deli Memet) (1993)

See also

• Fakir Baykurt
• Mevlüt Kaplan

External links

• [https://www.bbc.com/turkce/multimedya/2009/11/091119_anni_makal.shtml BBC programmes from the 1960s created by Makal]

References

• Deshavazhi
• D.E. Shaw & Co.
• DE Shaw & Co.
• D E Shaw & Co.
• DeShawn Sims
• D. E. Shaw Research
• Deshayes
• Deshayes de Marcere
• Deshayes (disambiguation)
• Deshayes, Prosper-Didier
• Deshaza
• Des Hazel
• Deshbandhu College
• Deshbandhu College for Girls
• Deshbandhu (newspaper)
• Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management
• Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering & Management, Moga (DBIEM)
• Desh Bhagat Sahayak Sabha
• Desh Drohi
• Deshdrohi
• Desheng Gate
• Deshin Shekpa
• Deshkesen
• Deshler (disambiguation)
• Deshler High School (disambiguation)