| 词条 | Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua |
| 释义 |
BiographyBaquaqua was born in Djougou (currently in Benin) between 1820 and 1830 in a prominent Muslim trader family. He learned the Quran, literature and mathematics in an Islamic school. Still as an adolescent, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in Daboya, where he was captured and then rescued. Returning to Djougou, he became the servant of a local dignitary, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'. The abuses he committed in that period made him target of an ambush in which he was imprisoned and transported to Dahomey; he was embarked into a slave ship in 1845 and taken to Pernambuco in Brazil. Baquaqua was a slave in Olinda, Pernambuco for around two years. His master was a baker. He worked in the construction of houses, carrying stones, learned Portuguese, and performed as an "escravo de tabuleiro" (peddling slave). The cruelty of his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and attempt suicide. Taken to Rio de Janeiro, Baquaqua was incorporated with the crew of the trade ship Lembrança, transporting goods to the southern provinces of Brazil. In 1847, a coffee shipment to the United States was his passport to freedom. The ship arrived in New York harbor in June, where it was approached by local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the ship. After the escape, however, he was imprisoned in the local jail, and only the help of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the ship. He was then sent to Haiti, where he lived with the Reverend Judd, a Baptist missionary. Converted to Christianity and baptized in 1848, Baquaqua returned to the US due to the political instability in Haiti. He studied at the New York Central College in McGrawville for almost three years. In 1854, he moved to Canada; his autobiography was published the same year by Samuel Downing Moore in Detroit. It is not known what happened to Baquaqua after 1857. He was then in England and had turned to the American Baptist Free Mission Society to be sent as a missionary to Africa.[3] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.afroasia.ufba.br/pdf/27_7_identidade.pdf|title = IDENTIDADE E A MIRAGEM DA ETNICIDADE A JORNADA DE MAHOMMAH GARDO BAQUAQUA PARA AS AMÉRICAS|date = 2002|accessdate = 2015-11-30|website = Afroasia|publisher = Federal University of Bahia|last = Lovejoy|first = Paul E.}} 2. ^{{Cite web|title = Historiadores traduzem única autobiografia escrita por ex-escravo que viveu no Brasil|url = http://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/historia/historiadores-traduzem-unica-autobiografia-escrita-por-ex-escravo-que-viveu-no-brasil-14671795|website = O Globo|accessdate = 2015-11-30|language = pt-BR}} 3. ^{{Cite web|title = Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (1824?-1857?) The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed|url = http://www.blackpast.org/gah/baquaqua-mahommah-gardo-1824-1857|website = www.blackpast.org|accessdate = 2015-11-30}} Bibliography
External links
8 : Slaves|Brazilian slaves|Rebel slaves|History of Africa|People who wrote slave narratives|Converts to Protestantism from Islam|Year of birth uncertain|Year of death unknown |
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