| 词条 | Malaysians | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|group = Malaysian people Orang Malaysia |image = |caption = |pop= {{circa}} 32–33 million (Malaysian diaspora 700,000–1,000,000) |popplace={{flagcountry|Malaysia}} {{formatnum: {{#expr: (28334.135+1.264*{{Age in days|2010|7|6}}) round 0}}000}} (2017 est.) (excluding the diaspora)[1] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Christmas Island}} Minority populations |pop1 = More than 981 |ref1 =[2] |region2 = {{flagcountry|Singapore}} |pop2 = 385,979 |ref2 =[3] |region3 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop3 = 92,337[4] |region4 = {{flagcountry|Brunei}} |pop4 = 70,000[5][6] |region5 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop5 = 63,000 |region6 = {{flagcountry|United States}} |pop6 = 26,179[7] |region7 = {{flagcountry|China}} |pop7 = 15,000[8] |region8 = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}} |pop8 = 14,547[9] |region9 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |pop9 = 12,165[10] |region10 = {{flagcountry|Taiwan}} |pop10 = 10,000[11] |region11 = {{flagcountry|Japan}} |pop11 = 8,115[12] |region12 = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}} |pop12 = 6,000 |region13 = {{flagcountry|Indonesia }} |pop13 = 5,000[13] |region14 = {{flagcountry|Qatar}} |pop14 = 5,000[14] |region15 ={{flagcountry|India}} |pop15 = 2,500 |languages = Languages of Malaysia |rels = Religion in Malaysia }}Malaysians are the people who are identified with the country of Malaysia, its citizens and their descendants worldwide. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Malaysians, several (frequently all) of those types of connections exist and are the source(s) of their being considered Malaysians. Although citizens make up the majority of Malaysians, non-citizen residents and overseas Malaysians may also claim a Malaysian identity.[15] The country is home to people of various national, ethnic and religious origins. As a result, many Malaysians do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance to Malaysia. Majority of the population, however, belong to several clearly defined ethnolinguistic groups within the country with their own distinct cultures and traditions: Malays, Orang Asli (aboriginal population), Malaysian Chinese (primarily Han Chinese), Malaysian Indians (primarily Tamils). Malays themselves are the source of the name Malaysia ("land of Malays") as they traditionally formed the majority during the British rule. The majority of the non-Malay and non-aboriginal population in modern Malaysia is made up of immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of Portuguese, Dutch and then significantly longer British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place over the course of nearly five centuries and continue today. Malayan independence from United Kingdom in 1957 grew gradually over the course of latter part of the 20th century since the formation of the Federation of Malaya in 1948 (excluding Crown Colony of Singapore, Crown Colony of North Borneo and Crown Colony of Sarawak). World War II in particular gave rise to a desire amongst Malayans to have their country recognised as a fully-fledged sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Population{{main|Demographics of Malaysia}}As of 2010, Malaysians make up 0.4% of the world's total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth and social development. Approximately 30% of current Malaysians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Malaysian residents in the 2000s were not born in Malaysian soil. It is estimated, by 2031, nearly one-half of Malaysians above the age of 15 will be foreign born or have one foreign born parent. Bumiputera, according to the [https://web.archive.org/web/20150301154300/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf 2010 Malaysian Census], numbered at 17,523,508 or 61.85% of the country's 28,334,135 population. Immigration{{main|Immigration to Malaysia}}Citizenship and diaspora{{main|Malaysian nationality law|Malaysian diaspora}}Ethnic ancestry{{main|Ethnic origins of people in Malaysia}}Ethnic groups and citizenshipClassification of 2010 Census ethnic group is as set by Inter-Agency Technical Committee (IATC) in Appendix 1. IATC is a committee formed to co-ordinate and monitor the implementation and use of standardised codes, classifications and definitions used by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia and other government agencies. For the purpose of tabulation and analysis, as well as taking into account the diverse ethnic group in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Federal Territory of Labuan and Sarawak, major ethnic groups according to region as follows:
Information collected in the census including ethnic group and citizenship was based on respondent's answer and did not refer to any official document. Information on citizenship should be used with caution as it is subject to content and coverage errors especially for non-citizens as in censuses in most countries. CultureLanguage{{main|Languages of Malaysia}}Malaysia contains speakers of 137 living languages,[16] 41 of which are found in Peninsula Malaysia.[17] Malaysian, or Standard Malay, is the official language, while English is considered the de facto language for business. The Bumiputeras speak various Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages as well as smaller language families such as Tai-Kadai and Creoles. Chinese Malaysians predominantly speak varieties of Chinese from the southern provinces of China. The more common varieties in the country are Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainanese, and Fuzhou. Tamil is the predominant among Indian Malaysians, though languages like Telugu, Malayalam and Punjabi are also spoken. Religion{{main|Religion in Malaysia|Islam in Malaysia|Buddhism in Malaysia|Christianity in Malaysia|Hinduism in Malaysia|Malaysian folk religion}}The Malaysian constitution guarantees freedom of religion while making Islam the state religion.[18] According to the Population and Housing Census 2010 figures, ethnicity and religious beliefs correlate highly. Approximately 61.3% of the population practice Islam, 19.8% practice Buddhism, 9.2% Christianity, 6.3% Hinduism and 1.3% practice Confucianism, Taoism and other traditional Chinese religions. 0.7% declared no religion and the remaining 1.4% practised other religions or did not provide any information. References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&lang=en |title=Malaysia Population Clock |publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia |accessdate=16 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205145703/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&lang=en |archivedate=5 December 2013 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Christmas Island: An Anthropological Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gsGegGC3GmYC&pg=PA91|year=2008|author=Simone Dennis|publisher=Cambria Press|isbn=9781604975109|pages=91–}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/sideviews/article/ge14-500000-malaysian-voters-in-singapore-to-generate-friction-james-gomez|title=GE14: 500,000 Malaysian voters in Singapore to generate friction|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=3 March 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/sideviews/article/ge14-500000-malaysian-voters-in-singapore-to-generate-friction-james-gomez|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POLTD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Person%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Birthplace& |title = 20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Australia|format = Microsoft Excel download |publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics | work = 2006 Census| accessdate = 27 May 2008}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2012%2F3%2F16%2Fbusiness%2F10917696&|title=Leveraging on Malaysian diaspora|publisher=The Star|date=16 March 2012|accessdate=23 April 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chinesechamber.org.my/html/themes/chinesechamber/images/content/bulletin342/Some%20Statistics%20on%20Malaysians%20Working%20in%20Overseas%20Countries%20in%20OIC;%20Commonwealth;%20BRICS;%20PIIGS;%20UN.pdf|title=Some Statistics on Malaysian Working in Overseas Countries in OIC; Commonwealth; BRICS; PIIGS; UN|author=Soong Siew Hoong|publisher=Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor|date=29 March 2012|accessdate=23 April 2015|format=PDF}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=30 November 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://thepienews.com/news/malaysia-pm-urges-students-abroad-to-study-hard-and-return-home/|title=Malaysia PM: study hard abroad and return home|author=Sara Cluster|publisher=The Pie News|date=21 August 2012|accessdate=23 April 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://asianz.org.nz/sites/asianz.org.nz/files/AsiaNZ%20Outlook%207.pdf|title=Table 8: New Zealand resident population born in Asia, 1986-2006|publisher=Asia New Zealand Foundation|accessdate=25 March 2014|page=12/14|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209202203/http://asianz.org.nz/sites/asianz.org.nz/files/AsiaNZ%20Outlook%207.pdf|archivedate=9 February 2013|deadurl=yes}} 10. ^{{Cite journal|title=Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data|journal=Canada 2006 Census|date=April 7, 2011|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92333&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|accessdate=August 27, 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100722-228336.html|title=More expensive to study in China than Taiwan|author=Lim Mun Fah|publisher=AsiaOne|date=22 July 2010|accessdate=6 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706054737/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100722-228336.html|archivedate=6 July 2015|deadurl=no}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/malaysia/data.html|title=Japan-Malaysia Relations (Basic Data)|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan|date=7 September 2015|accessdate=26 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625161741/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/malaysia/data.html|archivedate=25 June 2016|deadurl=yes}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.expat.or.id/info/howmanyexpatsinindonesia.html|title=How Many Expats Live in Indonesia?|publisher=Expat Web Site Association|date=3 August 2016|accessdate=19 May 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bqdoha.com/2013/12/population-qatar |title=Population of Qatar by nationality |publisher=Bq Magazine |date=18 December 2013 |accessdate=23 April 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423020356/http://www.bqdoha.com/2013/12/population-qatar |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/05/03/Survey-Most-prefer-to-be-known-as-Msian/|title=Survey: Most prefer to be known as Malaysian|author1=Neville Spykerman|author2=Michelle Tam|author3=Victoria Brown|publisher=The Star|date=3 May 2015|accessdate=3 May 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MY |title=Ethnologue report for Malaysia |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=18 October 2010}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MYP |title=Ethnologue report for Malaysia (Peninsular) |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=18 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510095800/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MYP |archivedate=10 May 2011 |df= }} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/southeast_asia/malaysia/religion.htm |title=Malaysia – Religion |publisher=Asian Studies Center - Michigan State University |accessdate=13 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081015/http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/southeast_asia/malaysia/religion.htm |archivedate=9 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }} Further reading
2 : Malaysian people|Asian people by ethnic or national origin |
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