| 词条 | Malyangapa |
| 释义 |
The Malyangapa are an indigenous Australian people who lived in the far western areas of the state of New South Wales. LanguageThe Malyangapa spoke a dialect of the Yarli language.{{sfn|Beckett|Hercus|2009a|pp=2,15}} CountryMalyangapa country extended over some {{convert|5,900|mi2|km2}} with its centre at Milparinka around the head of Yancannie Creek. To the east their tribal boundaries ran to beyond Mount Arrowsmith. The southern boundaries lay around Mootwingee and Sturt Meadow.{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} CultureThe Malyangapa practiced circumcision as a rite for males undergoing initiation.{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} In their dreaming lore the primordial creator-figure, rainbow serpent was called kakurra (corresponding to the Ngatyi of the Paakantyi and the akurra of their western neighbours, the Adnyamathanha.{{sfn|Beckett|Hercus|2009a|p=17}} They shared close cultural and marriage links with the neighbouring Wanjiwalku.{{sfn|Austin|Hercus|2004|p=211}} History of contactReid states that settlement of Malyangapa lands began in 1862/1863, at which time they were thought to number 200. Within the decade this figure dropped by a quarter (150), and after 15 years of contact (1879), Reid estimated only roughly 60 had survived, half of whom were under fourteen. Among these was a remnant of the Ngurunta{{sfn|Reid|1886|p=178}}{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=216}}{{efn|Tindale cites Morton, with Reid, for the Malyangapa. Both name the tribe as in the locality of Lake Torrowotto, Reid calls the group Milya-uppa and Morton calls them the Mulya-napa, which Tindale considered a variant name for the Malyangapa. Morton reckoned the number in his area at around 1,000 in 1864. Within a decade and a half, their numbers had declined radically, and were estimated in 1880 to amount to 347 persons, ten of whom were half-castes.{{sfn|Morton|1886|p=158}}}} Alternative names
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Notes{{notelist}}CitationsSources{{refbegin|30em}}
| last1 = Austin | first1 = Peter | last2 = Hercus | first2 = Luise | author1-link = Peter Austin (linguist) | author2-link = Luise Hercus | year = 2004 | title = Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method | editor1-last = Bowern | editor1-first = Claire | editor1-link = Claire Bowern | editor2-last = Koch | editor2-first = Harold | publisher = John Benjamins Publishing Company | pages = 207–222 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rmvmCvs9zQcC&pg=PA207 | isbn = 978-9-027-29511-8 | ref = harv }}
| last1 = Beckett | first1 = Jeremy | last2 = Hercus | first2 = Luise | author2-link = Luise Hercus | year = 2009a | publisher = Australian National University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_Irv7kvomAcC&pg=PA55 | isbn = 978-1-921-53693-9 | ref = harv }}
| last1 = Beckett | first1 = Jeremy | last2 = Hercus | first2 = Luise | author2-link = Luise Hercus | year = 2009b | title = The Two Rainbow Serpents Travelling: Mura Track Narratives from the 'Corner Country' | publisher = Australian National University Press | chapter-url = http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p19961/pdf/ch031.pdf | chapter-format = PDF | isbn = 978-1-921-53693-9 | ref = harv }}
| last = Morton | first = A. W. | year = 1886 | title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent | editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr | volume = Volume 2 | pages = 158–161 | publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne | chapter-url = https://archive.org/download/cu31924026093827/cu31924026093827.pdf | chapter-format = PDF | ref = harv }}
| last = Reid | first = James A. | year = 1886 | title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent | editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr | volume = Volume 2 | pages = 178–181 | publisher = John Ferrer, Government Printer | location = Melbourne | url = https://archive.org/download/cu31924026093827/cu31924026093827.pdf | format = PDF | ref = harv }}
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | year = 1974 | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = Australian National University Press | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/maljangapa.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 | ref = harv }}{{refend}}{{Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales}}{{Aboriginal South Australians}} 1 : Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales |
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