词条 | Manasik |
释义 |
Manasik ({{Lang-ar|مناسك}}) is the whole of rites and ceremonies that have to be performed by Islamic pilgrims in and around Mecca. The Qur'an differentiates between two manasiks: The Manasik of Hajj, has to be donein the month Dhu al-Hijjah and The Manasik of ʿUmra, which can be performed any time of the year. The knowledge of manasik is an independent part of Fiqh. Qur'anic statementsThe Arabic term mansak or mansik, to which manāsik forms the plural, is nomen loci to the Arabic word nusuk. The term nusuk occurs even in the Qur'an in Sura 2:196, where it refers to a sacrifice that has to be made as a substitute if the pilgrim prematurely carves his head hair. As a nomen loci, the term mansak thus refers to a place of sacrifice.[1] However, it has undergone a change of meaning over time. Even in the Qur'an itself, the term is used for certain sacrificial rites. In this sense, the term already appears in two places in the 22nd Sura named after the Hajj, in verse 34 and verse 67.[2] In addition, the plural term occurs twice in Sura 2 in connection with pilgrimage. In the first passage, Sura 2:128, Abraham addresses the petition to God to show him and his Muslim offspring the rites (manasik). In the second passage, Sura 2:200, believers are called upon to commemorate the manasik of God, as they had inherited thought of their fathers. The term is already used in the Qur'an for the entirety of the pilgrimage ceremonies. HistoryOne of the earliest experts in manāsik was the Prophet's Compassionate Abdullah ibn Umar. From him, it is reported that he alternately went one year to Hajj and the other year to 'Umrah.[3] During the pilgrimage season (mausim) he was then active as Mufti.[4] Together with Abd Allah ibn Abbas he delivered his Fatwa - Sessions on the arrival of the pilgrims.[5] One of the earliest monographic treatises on the entirety of the pilgrimage rites is the Kitāb al-Manāsik of {{ill|Qatāda ibn Diʿāma|de}} (died 735/6). The first part of this work is preserved in the tradition of his disciple Sa'īd ibn Abī'Arūba (died 773). Later, numerous other Manāsik works were written. As reported by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, who was in Mecca at the end of the 19th century, the Manasik were taught to the pilgrims in their own colleges before the pilgrimage began.[6] Today, Indonesian children are given the opportunity to learn the pilgrim rites with models of the Ka'aba. Some further reading
Exemplary construction of a Manāsik teaching bookThe following is an example overview of the chapters of the work of Rahmatallāh as-Sindī with the commentary of al-Qārī:
References1. ^Hans Wehr: Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart. Arabisch-Deutsch. 5. Aufl. Harrasowitz, Wiesbaden, 1985. S. 1270.language German 2. ^{{cite web |title=Manasik - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1419 |website=oxfordislamicstudies.com |accessdate=30 July 2018 |language=en}} 3. ^Ibn `Asakir: Ta'rīḫ madīnat Dimašq . XXI, p. 163, 192. 4. ^ al-Fasawī: "Kitāb al-Ma'rifa wa-t-tārīḫ." Baghdad 1975, Vol. I, p. 491. 5. ^ Al-Dhahabi: " Siyar a'lām al-nubalā " Beirut 1981, Vol. III, p. 222. 6. ^Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: "Mecca. Volume II: From Today's Life". Nijhoff, Hague, 1888-1889. P. 292. Digitalisat 1 : Quranic words and phrases |
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