“Manolis L”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Manolis L was a Liberian-flagged ship that sank in Newfoundland and Labrador's Notre Dame Bay in 1985, together with her damaging supply of toxic fuel oil.^[1] The ship was a timber carrier, that sank to {{convert|85|m|ft}}. She contained {{convert|150000|litres|impgal}} of fuel oil.^[3] She ran aground on Blow Hard Rock, of the Change Islands.^[4]

The oil was contained, within the ship, until a storm in 2013 cracked the hull.^[5]

Since then some oil leaked from the hull, and the Canadian Coast Guard was able to contain some of that oil.^[1] But the wreck has been described as a "ticking time bomb", that could suffer a total rupture of the oil tank, at any time.^[7]^[8]

When divers made an assessment of the wreck, in 2016, because of the extreme pressure changes, it took an hour to descend.^[4] They were only able to spend half an hour working, before they had to spend an hour and a half managing their return to the surface.

Efforts to safely pump out the oil began on August 8, 2018. Because of the depth the work was performed by remotely operated vessels.^[7] The oil was completely removed by September 8, 2018.

References

1. ^¹{{cite news | url = https://thenavigatormagazine.com/contract-awarded-for-bulk-oil-removal-from-manolis-l/| title = Contract Awarded for Bulk Oil Removal From Manolis L| work = Navigator magazine| author = | date = 2018-04-12| page = | location = | isbn = | language = | trans_title = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 2018-09-11| deadurl = No | quote = The Manolis L, which sank to a depth of more than 70 metres in 1985 off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, lay dormant until April 2013 when cracks in the hull, coupled with a powerful storm, allowed some fuel oil to reach the surface.}}
2. ^¹²{{cite news | url = https://ipolitics.ca/2018/08/08/work-begins-to-remove-oil-from-sunken-manolis-l-off-newfoundland-coast/| title = Work begins to remove oil from sunken Manolis L off Newfoundland coast| work = iPolitics.ca| author = Holly Lake| date = 2018-08-08| page = | location = | isbn = | language = | trans_title = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 2018-09-11| deadurl = No | quote = The Coast Guard has been monitoring the wreck in the years since, patching things up and catching some of the oil that was escaping. But the thought of it breaking open in a harsh winter storm was a constant worry among residents.}}
3. ^¹{{cite news | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/manolis-l-shipwreck-federal-announcement-cleanup-1.4490921| title = 'We're just thrilled': Oil from Manolis L shipwreck to be cleaned out this summer| work = CBC News| author = | date = 2018-01-17| page = | location = | isbn = | language = | trans_title = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 2018-09-11| deadurl = No | quote = The cleanup is a complicated process, involving specialized equipment and skills that could have to be sourced from elsewhere in the world.}}
4. ^¹²{{cite news | url = https://ipolitics.ca/2016/07/27/contract-issued-for-manolis-l-assessment/| title = Salvage study contract issued for Manolis L wreck| work = iPolitics.ca| author = Holly Lake| date = 2016-07-27| page = | location = | isbn = | language = | trans_title = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 2018-09-11| deadurl = No | quote = When the Manolis sank, it took an estimated 462 tons of Bunker C fuel, 60 tons of diesel and 22.5 tonnes of lube oil to the bottom. How much remains on board isn’t clear, but the information gleaned from the assessment will help plan how best to remove what is there.}}
5. ^¹²{{cite news | url = http://www.ganderbeacon.ca/news/technical-assessment-underway-on-the-manolis-l-41201/| title = Technical assessment underway on the Manolis L.| work = Gander Beacon| author = Christy Janes| date = 2016-08-26| page = | location = | isbn = | language = | trans_title = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 2018-09-11| deadurl = No | quote = It takes the divers about one hour to get down to the Manolis L. because they have to stop and adjust for the pressure, they work for about 30 minutes and then it takes about an hour and half to come back up to the surface.}}
6. ^¹{{cite news | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/manolis-l-a-time-bomb-for-more-oil-leaks-warn-residents-1.2911960| title = Manolis L a 'time bomb' for more oil leaks, warn residents| work = CBC News| author = | date = 2015-01-06| page = | location = | isbn = | language = | trans_title = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 2018-09-11| deadurl = No | quote = Documents obtained by CBC News show the agency wanted to know how much it would cost to remove all the oil still in the Manolis L, but the results are blacked out.}}