“MAN SG 220”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The MAN SG 220 was a VöV-Standard articulated bus designed and manufactured by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (M.A.N.) in Germany between 1978 and 1983, available with two, three, or four doors in two different lengths. The bus was also exported to different countries, built locally in France, Slovenia, Turkey, and the United States.

In the American market, in order to meet Urban Mass Transportation Administration "Buy America" requirements for federally-subsidized vehicles, the initial set of vehicles were shipped as driveable shells and finished in the United States by AM General in Texas until 1979. After the joint venture with AM General ended, M.A.N. opened its own assembly plant in Cleveland, North Carolina to produce the SG 220 and its closely related derivative SG 310 (starting in 1981) until it abruptly withdrew from the United States transit bus market in 1988.

Design

The full model number describes the type, generation, length, and number of doors:

Hence a SG 220-18-3 is an articulated bus {{convert|18|m|abbr=on}} long with three doors. Potential door locations are (from the front proceeding to the back):

In the United States, the number of doors was limited to two or three, corresponding to locations 1-x-3-x or 1-2-3-x. The SG 310 was offered with two doors, in locations 1-x-3-x.

Both the SG 220 and 310 were high-floor "puller" type articulated buses, with the middle axle driven. The SG 220 and 310 were equipped with a M.A.N. D2566 MLUM/US inline-6 turbodiesel engine, rated at {{convert|305|hp|kW|abbr=on}}.^[2]^[1]

History

United States

The AC Transit District serving Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the San Francisco Bay Area began using an over-the-road articulated coach in Transbay service in 1966;^[3] subsequently, AC Transit was one of six transit districts to develop a "super bus" specification in the early 1970s for a higher-capacity bus. A pooled purchase was intended to reduce per-unit development costs.^[4] Two European-built articulated buses were tested by AC Transit and Seattle Metro in the summer of 1974: one based on the Volvo B58 chassis, and the {{ill|MAN SG 192|de}}.^[2]{{rp|Table 1}}^[5] Riders received the M.A.N. bus favorably, and the specification was released for bid in 1975;^[6] the pooled purchase consortium, which by then had grown to encompass ten transit districts, awarded the order to AM General in August 1976.^[7] Deliveries of the AM General/M.A.N. joint venture SG 220 articulated buses began in 1978.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Buses were shipped from Germany as "driveable shells" and finished by AM General according to customer specifications. AM General terminated the joint venture agreement, taking effect after the delivery of the Seattle Metro buses, and MAN opened a manufacturing plant in Cleveland, North Carolina in October 1981, with an anticipated capacity of 400 buses per year.^[2]{{rp|9,22}} MAN withdrew from the US transit bus market in 1988 after an order of 40-ft buses for Chicago was blocked by an injunction.^[25] The Cleveland plant was sold in 1989 to Daimler subsidiary Freightliner Trucks.

Operators

United States

Several operators in the United States formed a pooled purchase consortium and awarded the bid to AM General for over two hundred buses.^[11] By March 15, 1982, 511 articulated buses from all manufacturers had been delivered in the United States; of these buses delivered, 399 were MAN/AM General buses. Orders had been placed for an additional 692 articulated buses; of those pending orders, 557 were MAN buses.^[2]{{rp|Table 2}}

Although operating experience with the eleven initial operators showed the per-passenger labor costs of driving the articulated bus were reduced compared with conventional buses, the articulated bus cost was almost double that of a conventional bus, required maintenance was more frequent and more costly, and dwell times were increased.^[12]

Competition

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web |url=https://www.autopaper.com/1980-1985-man-truck-sg-310-articulated-bus-specifications-folder-with-extras.php |title=SG-310 Articulated Bus |publisher=M.A.N. Truck & Bus Corporation |date=1983 |accessdate=14 January 2019}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{cite report |url=https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11393 |title=Technology of Articulated Transit Buses |author1=Gundersen, Richard G. |author2=Hawkes, Ted |date=October 1982 |publisher=Urban Mass Transportation Administration |accessdate=17 January 2019}}
3. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/08-11.pdf |title=A New concept in Public Transit |date=March 1966 |magazine=Transit-Times |publisher=AC Transit |volume=8 |number=11}}
4. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/13-01.pdf |title=Super bus project: Design sought for future coach |date=July 1970 |magazine=Transit-Times |publisher=AC Transit |volume=13 |number=1 |accessdate=8 January 2019}}
5. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/17-01.pdf |title=Riders may have chance To test two new articulated buses |date=July 1974 |magazine=Transit-Times |publisher=AC Transit |volume=17 |number=1 |accessdate=8 January 2019}}
6. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/17-08.pdf |title='Superbus' preliminary specifications Out to manufacturers for review |date=February 1975 |magazine=Transit-Times |publisher=AC Transit |volume=17 |number=8 |accessdate=8 January 2019}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19760805.1.18 |title=Bending for Seattle |date=August 5, 1976 |newspaper=San Bernardino Sun |accessdate=11 January 2019}}
8. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/20-12.pdf |title=Articulated coaches will ease Space crunch on heavily-used lines |date=June 1978 |magazine=Transit-Times |publisher=AC Transit |volume=20 |number=12 |accessdate=8 January 2019}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=CJ19780921.2.78 |title=Bendable buses due tomorrow |date=September 21, 1978 |newspaper=Coronado Eagle and Journal |accessdate=11 January 2019}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/12/27/archives/mans-bendable-flexible-bus-us-cities-climbing-aboard-mans-bendable.html |title=M.A.N.'s Bendable, Flexible Bus; U.S. Cities Climbing Aboard M.A.N.'s Bendable Bus U.S. Orders for 200 Buses 'Impressive Experience' Adaptable to New York? |author=Tagliabue, John |date=December 27, 1980 |newspaper=New York Times |accessdate=11 January 2019}}
11. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19780529.1.4 |title=Bendable bus — latest thing? |agency=New York Times News Service |date=May 29, 1978 |newspaper=San Bernardino Sun |accessdate=11 January 2019}}
12. ^{{cite report |url=https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11102 |title=Articulated Bus Report |date=July 1982 |publisher=Urban Mass Transportation Administration |author1=Albright, Richard |author2=Cummings, Stephen |author3=Jessiman, William |author4=Slavin, Howard |author5=Waksman, Robert |accessdate=18 January 2019}}
13. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://utahrails.net/ajkristopans/MANUSA.php |title=M.A.N. USA |author=Kristopans, Andre |date=October 3, 2014 |publisher=Utah Rails |accessdate=18 January 2019}}
14. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.actransit.org/wp-content/uploads/19-03.pdf |title=Momentum for new bus fleet speeds up |date=September 1976 |magazine=Transit-Times |publisher=AC Transit |volume=19 |number=3 |accessdate=17 January 2019}}

Design

History

United States

Operators

United States

Competition

References

External links