| 词条 | Manuel Elizalde |
| 释义 |
Personal lifeElizalde was born in Manila on November 8, 1936 to Manuel "Manolo" Elizalde Sr. and Mary Cadwallader.[2] He was married to María del Carmen Marti and the couple had three children, Miguel, Manuel III, María del Carmen ("Mia"). The couple later divorced.[3] Tasaday hoaxIn June 1971, Elizalde claimed discovery to a primitive tribe untouched by civilization, who lived in caves and survived by hunting and gathering. The "Tasadays" were found in a forest in South Cotabato, Mindanao.[4] The story gained traction in international media, some complimenting him as "a visionary idealist who cared more about the hard-pressed national minorities than about his family fortune". However, all visits from foreign media and scholars were supervised by the Presidential Assistance on National Minorities (PANAMIN) which was led by Elizalde himself. Independent anthropologists were prohibited to enter the Tasaday reservation area, thus at the time there was no scholarly paper published on the Tasaday. It was only after the Marcos downfall that a Swiss journalist, Oswald Iten, entered the area and found the so-called Paleolithic tribe dressed in T-shirts and living in huts. Many other local and foreign anthropologists decried Elizalde's claims, calling it an elaborate hoax. Other controversiesElizalde was regarded as a crony of former President and dictator Ferdinand Marcos.[5] He and his brother Fred J. Elizalde became involved in many businesses such as mining, abaca farming, sugar centrals, tin plate manufacturing, paints, foods, distillery, real estate, rural banking, and agri-business. They both came into conflict with many of his laborers due to exploitation of sugar workers, refusing to pay livable wages and bonuses, and oppression of cultural minorities. Elizalde was the chief executive of several steel companies, which were favored and accommodated by the Marcos regime in funding, and guarantee of lucrative markets. He monopolized sales of tin plates, and raised prices at will, which rippled in the market with price increases. In one instance, Elizalde raised the price for tin plates by 17% in 1980, and threatened to increase it with another 7.5% unless the government continued to charge tax on imported raw materials.[6] DeathElizalde died on May 3, 1997. His family did not disclose the cause of death.[7] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://newslab.philstar.com/31-years-of-amnesia/tasaday|title=The Stone Age tribe that never was {{!}} 31 years of amnesia|last=Bolando|first=By AJ|website=newslab.philstar.com|access-date=2018-05-03}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elizalde, Manuel}}2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/08/13/archives/tribesmens-mentor.html|title=Tribesmen's Mentor|first=|last=|work=The New York Times|date=13 August 1970|access-date=31 May 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/scresolutions/resolutions/2002/january/149567.php|title=[G.R. No. 149567.January 28, 2002] NATAS-YA ENTERPRISES, INC., vs. INTESTATE ESTATE OF ELIZALDE, JR.|first=|last=|work=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library|date=|access-date=31 May 2018}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Benjamin|date=2000|title="NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC", PANAMIN AND THE STONE-AGE TRIBE|journal=Dialectical Anthropology|volume=25|issue=1|pages=77–88|jstor=29790625}} 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28428684|title=Some are smarter than others : the history of Marcos' crony capitalism|last=Ricardo.|first=Manapat,|date=1991|publisher=Aletheia Publications|isbn=9719128704|location=New York|oclc=28428684}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28428684|title=Some are smarter than others : the history of Marcos' crony capitalism|last=Ricardo.|first=Manapat,|date=1991|publisher=Aletheia Publications|isbn=9719128704|location=New York|oclc=28428684}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/08/world/manuel-elizalde-60-dies-defender-of-primitive-tribe.html|title=Manuel Elizalde, 60, Dies; Defender of Primitive Tribe|last=Jr|first=Robert McG Thomas|date=1997-05-08|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-05-03|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 9 : Filipino people of Spanish descent|Filipino people of Basque descent|Filipino people of American descent|Filipino businesspeople|Filipino anthropologists|Harvard University alumni|People from Manila|1936 births|1997 deaths |
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