| 词条 | Marcello Costa |
| 释义 |
| name = Marcello Costa | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|1|9|df=y}} | birth_place = Turin, Italy | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | nationality = Australian and Italian | citizenship = | education = | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = Scientific basis of medicine | relations = | website = [https://www.flinders.edu.au/people/marcello.costa flinders.edu.au/people/marcello.costa] | profession = Professor of Neurophysiology | field = Neurophysiology | work_institutions = {{ubl|Flinders University| }} | specialism = | research_field = role of neurons in controlling gut functions | prizes = | child = | module2 = | signature = }} Marcello Costa (born 9 January 1940) is an Italian-born Australian medical doctor, research academic, and public health advocate. He specializes in the structure and functions of the enteric nervous system. He taught in Turin, Melbourne, and Helsinki before moving to Adelaide in 1975 where he was a foundation lecturer at the Flinders Medical School, building the new discipline of neuroscience at the college.[1] He has been at Flinders University since, where he is the Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor of Neurophysiology in the Department of Physiology. He co-founded the Australian Neuroscience Society, the South Australian Neuroscience Institute (SANI) and the Friends of Science in Medicine (FSM). He was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal and the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award by the Federation of Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies. Early life and educationCosta was born in Turin, Italy, on 9 January 1940.[1] In 1949 his family migrated to Argentina, where he attended San Martin high school and then in 1954 entered the public Italian High School Cristoforo Colombo of Buenos Aires, finishing the Scientific Lyceum in 1960. In his youth he was intrigued by science, even selling his bicycle so he could buy a microscope to study protozoa in ponds.[2] He studied as an intern in the University of Turin's Department of Anatomy and Histology, working as a researcher under supervision of Giorgio Gabella. He was involved in a number of extracurricular activities including editor of the university newspaper l'Ateneo. Although he was enrolled in anatomy, he also incorporated physiology despite resistance from the university to this multidisciplinary approach.[3] He earned his degree in medicine (Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia, equivalent to MB BS) from the University of Turin in 1967; his M.D. thesis was "The Adrenergic Innervation of the Alimentary Canal" with Dignita di Stampa (worthy of publication).[4] Medical research career{{Quote|text="Our neurological systems link us to everything we do, shaping our thoughts, culture, intellectual capacity, emotions and our bodily functions. There is no area of science more important to understand, in my view."|author= Marcello Costa |source=[2]}}Upon graduating in 1967, Costa completed compulsory military service as medical officer, then he began lecturing at the University of Turin. The following year, he became a Medical Registrar and general practitioner in Italy. In 1970 he and his newlywed wife Daniela migrated from Italy to Australia. Initially he worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow in zoology under Professor Geoffrey Burnstock at the University of Melbourne (1970–1973). In 1973 he also worked as a research fellow at the University of Helsinki in Finland, and then at the University of Turin.[1] In 1975 he moved back to Australia, as a lecturer in Human Physiology at Flinders University. The discipline of neuroscience was new at the time, and he became a foundation lecturer in the field at the Flinders Medical School (now called the College of Medicine and Public Health). In 1986 Flinders University recognized his service by creating a personal chair in Neurophysiology, and in 2013 he was appointed the Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor in the College of Medicine and Public Health, and Professor of Neurophysiology.[1][2][5] His research focuses on the nervous system, specifically how it interacts with the gut to control it, and he has authored or co-authored more than 250 works on that subject,[1] 72 review articles and chapters, and written two books.[4] He also made what Flinders University describes as "a range of landmark discoveries about the role of neurons in driving the activity of the gut, and in recognising that a person's neurological system shapes their thoughts, culture, intellectual capacity, emotions and our bodily functions".[1] Costa's application of a systematic approach to new methods has made the neuronal structure of the enteric nervous system one of the best understood parts of the nervous system in mammals. Observations in this system have also guided understanding the function of neurons in the central nervous system. The studies he conducted into neuronal reflexes that enable intestinal motility and the neurotransmitters that are involved led to the discovery of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.[14] In 1983, Costa and John Furness organized the first meeting of the global leaders in the new field of enteric Neuroscience, which was held in Adelaide. In 2014 Costa collaborated with younger colleagues to organize a second such symposium in 2014 named "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology".[6] He was a founder of the Australian Neuroscience Society, and he served as its president in 1994–1995.[7] In 2003 he founded the South Australian Neuroscience Institute (SANI) in association with neuroscience colleagues and the SA Government, representing the three SA Universities; he served as its co-chair from 2003 to 2010.[5] Community engagementIn addition to his formal academic roles, Costa has promoted science-based medicine, philosophy of science and educating the general public, especially concerning neuroscience. He is often called on by media to give expert commentary on a number of topics, including the evidence against acupuncture,[8] universities which give credibility to pseudo-scientific topics including chiropractic,[9] whether the free trade agreement between Australia and China should include "traditional Chinese medicine",[10] proposals to register traditional Chinese medicine,[11] and the "white light" reportedly seen by some dying people.[12] He also promotes awareness of the connections between science and humanities, especially in a project called "Science Outside the Square" where he teams with Ian Gibbins, Professor of Anatomy at Flinders, playing keyboard while Costa sings and plays the guitar. Their performances aim to combine science, music, and art.[3] Costa jointly founded the "Friends of Science in Medicine" (FSM) in 2011, and until 2019 he served as its treasurer.[13] The University of Adelaide described FSM as "a public health watch dog group of distinguished lay members, scientists and health professionals who are concerned about honesty in medical claims and the need for evidence-based medicine particularly in the growing alternative therapy industry".[14] He presented at the 2017 World Science Festival.[15] He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Panel of the Australian Science Media Centre.[16] He was a solo speaker at the Adelaide Festival of Ideas in July 2018, speaking on "A neuroscientist's view of homo sapiens and its world".[17] Personal lifeCosta married Daniela Tuffanelli in around 1970; the couple has a son, Andrea.[18] Awards and recognitionHis awards and recognitions include:[4][5]
Published books
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last1=|first1= |title=Costa, Marcello – Biographical entry |url=http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P004614b.htm |website=www.eoas.info |publisher=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |accessdate=1 March 2018 |language=en-gb |date=2011 |via=The University of Melbourne eScholarship Research Centre}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.flinders.edu.au/research/engineering-and-technology/professor-marcello-costa|title=Professor Marcello Costa|publisher=Flinders University – Engineering and Technology|language=en-au|accessdate=1 March 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Williamson |first1=Susan |title=A neuroscientist's view |url=https://www.labonline.com.au/content/life-scientist/article/a-neuroscientist-39-s-view-35739101 |accessdate=28 February 2019 |work=Australian Life Scientist |date=19 February 2014 |language=en}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Profile: Marcello Costa |url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/marcello-costa-284 |publisher=The Conversation |accessdate=1 March 2018 |language=en}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/people/Marcello.Costa|title=Professor Marcello Costa|website=www.flinders.edu.au|publisher=Flinders University – Flinders Medical Centre|language=en|accessdate=1 March 2018}} 6. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=Brierley |editor1-first=Stuart |editor2-last=Costa |editor2-first=Marcello |title=The enteric nervous system: 30 years later |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319275925 |via=Australian Neuroscience Society |page=v}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Past Executive Members |url=https://www.ans.org.au/about-us/past-executive-members/ |website=www.ans.org.au |publisher=Australasian Neuroscience Society |accessdate=1 March 2018 |language=en}} 8. ^{{cite web |last1=Haggan |first1=Megan |title=Acupuncture is 'pointless,' says FSM |url=https://ajp.com.au/news/acupuncture-pointless-says-fsm/ |website=ajp.com.au|accessdate=2 March 2018 |language=en-AU |date=26 July 2016 |publisher=Australian Journal of Pharmacy |quote="There is no longer any justification for more studies. There is more than enough evidence to confidently conclude that acupuncture doesn't work."}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Medew|first1=Julia|title=Doctors take aim at chiropractors|url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/doctors-take-aim-at-chiropractors-20111206-1oh8g.html|accessdate=2 March 2018 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=6 December 2011 |language=en |quote=Professor of Neurophysiology at Flinders University Marcello Costa, said universities running such courses were encouraging the spread of quackery, misusing public money and delaying effective treatments for people who falsely believed chiropractors could cure their illnesses.}} 10. ^{{cite web |last1=Lauder |first1=Simon |title=Chinese medicine's mention in free trade deal 'a tragedy for Australian science' |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-18/chinese-medicine-free-trade-agreement-critic/6556532 |publisher=ABC News |accessdate=2 March 2018 |language=en-AU |date=18 June 2015 |quote=the agreement would give unwarranted legitimacy to Chinese medicine.}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/healthcare/alarm-bells-sound-on-registration-of-chinese-medicine-20120401-1w6mo.html|title=Alarm bells sound on registration of Chinese medicine|last=Robotham|first=Julie|date=1 April 2012|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=25 October 2018}} 12. ^{{cite news |last1=Noone |first1=Richard |title=Heart attack survivor 'saw the light' in near death experience |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/central-coast/heart-attack-survivor-saw-the-light-in-near-death-experience/news-story/391b8e28887be890adf3c0bb94611b13 |accessdate=2 March 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=17 March 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=FSM Executive |url=http://www.scienceinmedicine.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=119:association-and-executive |publisher=Friends of Science in Medicine |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Emeritus Professor Alastair MacLennan|url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/alastair.maclennan|website=www.adelaide.edu.au|publisher=The University of Adelaide Staff Directory|accessdate=1 March 2018|language=en}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Marcello Costa 2017 |url=https://www.worldsciencefestival.com.au/speakers/marcello-costa-2017/ |website=www.worldsciencefestival.com.au |publisher=World Science Festival Brisbane |accessdate=2 March 2018}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.smc.org.au/about-us/our-people/science-advisory-panel/|title=Science Advisory Panel|last=|first=|date=|website=www.smc.org.au|publisher=Australian Science Media Centre|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150330/http://www.smc.org.au/about-us/our-people/science-advisory-panel/|archive-date=25 October 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=25 October 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=Speaker: Professor Marcello Costa |url=https://adelaidefestivalofideas.com.au/speakers/professor-marcello-costa/ |publisher=Adelaide Festival of Ideas |accessdate=8 February 2019 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/761wKIITa |archivedate=8 February 2019}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Congratulations to Prof Marcello Costa! |url=http://www.scienceinmedicine.org.au/2018/09/16/life-time-achievement-resistance-white-teeth-and-more/ |website=www.scienceinmedicine.org.au |date=16 September 2018|accessdate=16 October 2018 }} 19. ^1 {{cite web|title=Fellows {{!}} Professor Marcello Costa|url=https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/professor-marcello-costa|website=www.science.org.au|publisher=Australian Academy of Science|accessdate=2 March 2018}} 20. ^{{Cite web |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1127518 |title=Award extract – Costa, Marcello, Centenary Medal |last=|first= |date=1 January 2001 |website=honours.pmc.gov.au |quote=For service to Australian society and science in neurophysiology |access-date=2 March 2018 |publisher=Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Merit Awards|url=http://www.skeptics.com.au/features/merit-awards/|publisher=Australian Skeptics Inc.|accessdate=23 June 2016|date=27 November 2011}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ans.org.au/awards/ans-awards/the-ans-medallion|title=The ANS Medallion – Australasian Neuroscience Society Inc|website=www.ans.org.au|access-date=30 January 2019}} 23. ^{{cite web |title=Bragg Fellow Bios |url=https://www.riaus.org.au/bragg-member-bios/ |website=RiAus |publisher=Royal Institution of Australia |accessdate=5 February 2019}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Neuroscience leader receives international honour |url=https://blogs.flinders.edu.au/fit/2018/07/24/neuroscience-leader-receives-international-honour/ |website=Flinders In Touch |publisher=Flinders University |accessdate=16 October 2018 |date=24 July 2018}} External links
12 : Living people|1940 births|Australian health activists|20th-century Australian medical doctors|21st-century Australian medical doctors|Australian medical researchers|Australian sceptics|Australian scientists|Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians|Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science|Flinders University faculty|University of Turin alumni |
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