| 词条 | March 2019 North American blizzard |
| 释义 |
|name=March 2019 North American blizzard |image location=Powerful Storm System Seen by GOES West (47380253391).png |image name= The extratropical cyclone responsible for the blizzard over the Midwestern United States at 13:55 UTC (9:55 a.m. CDT) on March 13. |stormtype= Extratropical cyclone Blizzard Ice storm Winter storm Flood Windstorm Tornado outbreak |date formed=March 8, 2019 |date dissipated=March 16, 2019 |RSI= |maximum amount=52 inches (130 cm) at Wolf Creek pass, Colorado |total fatalities=4 |areas affected= Southwestern United States, Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Central United States, Eastern United States, Eastern Canada |lowest pressure=968 |gusts=109 mph (175 km/h) at Grand Prairie Airport |power outages=140,000+ |enhanced=yes |fujitascale=EF2 |tornadoes=38 |tornado duration=2 days |notes=Part of the 2018–19 North American winter }} The March 2019 North American blizzard was a powerful Colorado Low that produced up to two feet of snow in the plains and Midwest, rapid snowmelt following the storm caused historic flooding and some areas received hurricane-force wind gusts. Comparable to the 1993 Storm of the Century,[1][2] the storm was labeled a bomb cyclone after barometric pressure readings dropped in excess of {{convert|24|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}} over a 24-hour period.[3] After the storm entered Colorado from its origination in Arizona, the pressure dropped more than {{convert|30|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} and rapidly intensified over the western High Plains.[4] The severe storm set new all time record low barometric pressure readings in Colorado, Kansas and New Mexico. The storm killed at least 4, one in Colorado, one in Iowa and at least two in Nebraska[5][6] and left ~140,000 without power in Texas.[6] Meteorological historyThe system originated from an extratropical low that developed in the Gulf of Alaska on March 8. Over the next two days, the system moved southeastward, bringing rainy and windy conditions to California on March 11, and the system was named "Winter Storm Ulmer" by The Weather Channel later that day, due to the storm's expected impacts. Early on March 12, the system moved onshore in Southern California, subsequently developing into a strong Colorado Low over the Southwestern United States. Late on March 12 through early March 13, the already-unusually strong Colorado low underwent explosive intensification, with the storm's minimum central pressure falling from {{convert|994|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}} to {{convert|968|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}} in roughly 16 hours, more than meeting the criteria for a weather bomb or "bomb cyclone" (a storm that undergoes a pressure drop of at least {{convert|24|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}} in 24 hours). The storm's tight pressure gradient allowed wind gusts in excess of 100 mph to develop in the Texas Panhandle. As the storm headed northward towards the Great Lakes, blizzard conditions were reported in several States, from Colorado all the way north into North Dakota and flooding hit the southern portions of those states. The storm also began weakening.[7] Impacts{{see also|2019 Midwestern U.S. floods}}United StatesAlabamaDamage, potentially from tornadoes, was reported in nine counties in the state. So far, damage has been linked to tornadoes in only three counties.[8] ColoradoThe storm underwent explosive cyclogenesis as it tracked across the Southern Rocky Mountains. Colorado experienced heavy snow and hurricane force wind gusts from the blizzard. {{convert|6|to|10|inch}} of snow was recorded in the Denver region with {{convert|20|inch|abbr=on}} reported in Nederland, Colorado.[9] The storm brought wind gusts that exceeded Category 2 hurricane strength with gusts reaching {{convert|96|mph}} recorded at Peterson Air Force Base and a {{convert|92|mph|abbr=on}} gust recorded in Glen Haven. A Category 1 force wind gust of {{convert|80|mph|abbr=on}} was reported at Denver International Airport.[10] The combination of high winds and snowy conditions forced the cancellation of all flights in and out of Denver International Airport most of the day March 13th and a third of the flights scheduled for March 14th.[11] The rapid intensification of the storm over Colorado may have set a new all time record low pressure record of {{convert|971.7|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}} in La Junta, which is somewhat lower than the previous record for Colorado set in 1973 at {{convert|973.4|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}}.[4] Numerous vehicular accidents were reported with at least 1,000 people stranded on the highways, requiring rescue by the National Guard and emergency services providers. A Colorado State Patrol officer was killed by one driver who lost control of his vehicle on Interstate 76 northeast of Denver.[12] IndianaThe town of Lowell may have been impacted by a tornado. Nonetheless, a tornado warning was issued for part of the state. IowaIowa was also affected by heavy rains and flooding, closing parts of all nine state parks. Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds signed an emergency disaster proclamation March 14th.[13] One man was killed in Iowa.[14] Flooding across Iowa was described as "catastrophic" especially in the Missouri River Valley south of Council Bluffs, Iowa. There, at least 30 levee failures flooded towns and highways. Interstate 29 was closed from Council Bluffs to the Missouri state border and from there to St. Joseph, Missouri, with portions of the interstate under {{convert|15|ft|abbr=on}} of water.[15]KentuckyThe state was affected by severe thunderstorms that produced several tornadoes. Most notably, an EF-2 spotted near West Paducah, strong enough to rip part of the roof off of the Mount Zion church. Other tornadoes were also spotted, one in Morgansfield and the other 7 miles north of Corydon. KansasMeteorologists were forecasting a record low barometric pressure reading as the storm passed over Kansas. The current record set in 1878 at {{convert|971.6|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|comma=off|lk=on}} and the storm was forecast to have a slightly lower reading, the equivalent of a Category 2 Hurricane.[16] Dodge City, Kansas reported a new record low pressure. MichiganUpwards of 70 buildings in Vernon were damaged by an EF-2 tornado late March 14th. Strong winds and flooding also affected the state. NebraskaWestern Nebraska experienced severe wind gusts and more than a foot of snow in some localities. A wind gust of {{convert|89|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded in Hemingford, Nebraska and Interstate 80 was closed from Kearney, Nebraska to the Wyoming border. The Interstate 80 closure in Nebraska along with the portions closed in Wyoming spanned a distance of more than {{convert|500|mi}}.[17] In the eastern half of the state, rapidly melting snows along with frozen rivers caused record setting flooding in many rivers and streams. On the Niobrara River, the Spencer Dam collapsed and the unregulated flooding destroyed 3 bridges downstream including the Highway 281 bridge.[18] In east central Nebraska, residents along the flooded Missouri, Platte and Elkhorn Rivers were forced to evacuate as some locals experienced all time record flooding. The city of Norfolk, Nebraska evacuated a third of its residents.[19] The Platte and Elkhorn Rivers had overflowed their levees in the greater Omaha, Nebraska region and some communities were put under a mandatory evacuation order. The Platte River at numerous sites had reached flooding of "historical proportions" with some sites breaking all time record flood levels by as much as {{convert|5|ft}}.[20] By March 15, access to the city of Fremont was blocked due to all roads being closed in and out of the city.[21] This remained the case days later with national guard military convoys being set up to get food and other supplies into the city. Offutt Air Force Base had extensive flooding from the Platte River and {{convert|3000|ft|abbr=on}} of their only runway was covered in water while 30 buildings had been flooded.[22] As of March 18, 2 persons were reported to have drowned in Nebraska and 2 more are missing and presumed dead.[14] On March 18, Nebraska governor Pete Ricketts stated that the floods caused "the most extensive damage our state has ever experienced."[23] Losses from flooding in Nebraska alone exceeds $1.3 Billion, including $449 million in infrastructure damage, $440 million of crop damage, $400 million of lost cattle. More than 2,000 homes and 340 businesses were damaged or destroyed, costing the state another $85 million.[24] In the central parts of Nebraska, large ice slabs were reported to have destroyed crops, and Sub-Zero conditions often hurt livestock. An additional round of Flooding is said to have wiped out some farms for years.[25] New MexicoA new all time low barometric pressure reading for New Mexico was set in Clayton and wind gusts of {{convert|100|mph|abbr=on}} were recorded in Cloudcroft, New Mexico.[26] In addition, powerful thunderstorms moving through the state spawned several tornadoes, damaging many homes. OklahomaA high wind warning was issued by the National Weather Service as thunderstorms with 50 mph (80 km/h) wind gusts downed power lines, tree branches, some fences, and caused other kinds of minor wind damage across Oklahoma City and its suburbs.[27] South DakotaThe City of Pierre achieved full on blizzard conditions (frequent wind gusts above 35 mph/56 km/h producing visibility lower than 1/4 mile/400 metres for at least 3 hours). These conditions prompted the closure of the I-90 from Wall to Chamberlain. 18.3 inches (46 cm) of snow fell in Kadoka and winds gusted to 70 mph (112 km/h) in Rapid City.[28] TexasAt San Augustin Pass and at Pine Springs, Texas wind gusts of {{convert|104|and|103|mph|abbr=on}} respectively were recorded. At Grand Prairie's municipal airport, a wind gust of 109 mph (175 km/h) tore through, flipping several small airplanes.[29] Winds were great enough in the Texas panhandle to blow over numerous tractor-trailers.[26] WyomingBlizzard conditions were reported for all of eastern Wyoming, especially in the southeastern sections of the state from Casper to the state capital in Cheyenne. Snowfalls in excess of one foot were recorded in several locations with wind gusts of {{convert|76|mph|abbr=on}} in Carbon County. Both Interstate 25 and 80 were closed through most of the state.[30]An additional snow squall moved across Southeast Wyoming Friday through Sunday, adding 1-2 inches of snow. Due to the location of the low, many areas were above freezing and had rain instead, which promted the NWS to issue Flood watches and warnings in the area.[31] CanadaAtlantic CanadaThe storm brought above seasonal temperatures to much of Atlantic Canada, along with soaking rains. Although, Labrador was affected by heavy snow with up to 30 cm (1 foot) of snow in some areas. Afterwards, the storm moved out to sea. [32] Ontario & QuebecThe provinces enjoyed their warmest day in weeks, sparking the risk for isolated severe thunderstorms in extreme southwestern Ontario. These storms triggered flooding along the Humber River, resulting in an evacuation order for 200 people.[33] Behind the storm's cold front, cold, below seasonal temperatures returned along with snowsqualls in the snow belts. Meanwhile, Northern Ontario was hit with heavy snow and strong winds, producing blizzard-like conditions.[34] See also{{Portal|Weather}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/2019-03-15-winter-storm-ulmer-bomb-cyclone-compared-march-1993-superstorm|title=Another Superstorm? How the 2019 Bomb Cyclone Compared to the March 1993 Superstorm|author=Linda Lam|publisher=The Weather Company|date=March 15, 2019|accessdate=March 17, 2019}} {{United States winter storms}}{{DEFAULTSORT:March 2019 North American blizzard}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/2019-03-15-winter-storm-ulmer-bomb-cyclone-compared-march-1993-superstorm|title=Another Superstorm? How the 2019 Bomb Cyclone Compared to the March 1993 Superstorm|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26}} 3. ^{{cite news |last1=Lardieri |first1=Alexa |title='Bomb Cyclone' Winter Storm Moving Across Central U.S. |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2019-03-13/bomb-cyclone-winter-storm-moving-across-central-us |accessdate=March 13, 2019 |publisher=U.S News and World Reports |date=March 13, 2019}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Spears |first1=Chris |title=‘Bomb Cyclone’ May Have Set Unofficial State Low Pressure In Colorado |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/03/13/bomb-cyclone-low-pressure-blizzard-colorado/ |accessdate=March 14, 2019 |publisher=CBS 4 Denver |date=March 13, 2019}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://weather.com/news/news/2019-03-14-bomb-cyclone-winter-storm-ulmer-impacts|title=Bomb Cyclone Kills 2, Cripples Travel in Colorado, Great Plains|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://m.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/damaging-storms-spawn-tornadoes-in-new-mexico-leave-thousands-without-power-in-texas/70007684|title=Damaging storms spawn tornadoes in New Mexico, leave thousands without power in Texas - AccuWeather.com|website=m.accuweather.com|access-date=2019-03-16}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/2019-03-14-winter-storm-ulmer-record-pressure-bombogenesis-blizzard-winds|title=4 Jaw-Dropping Facts About Winter Storm Ulmer|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-15}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://weather.com/news/news/2019-03-14-severe-storms-ohio-valley-south|title=Tornadoes Hit Midwest, South, Causing Damage to Dozens of Buildings, Including 70 in Michigan|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}} 9. ^{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Blair |title=Snow totals from March 13 'bomb cyclone' blizzard that blasted Colorado |url=https://www.thedenverchannel.com/weather/weather-news/snow-totals-from-march-13-bomb-cyclone-blizzard-that-blasted-colorado |publisher=The Weather Channel |accessdate=March 14, 2019}} 10. ^{{cite news |title=Wild wind gusts: Top speeds from Wednesday’s Colorado blizzard |url=https://kdvr.com/2019/03/13/wild-wind-gusts-top-speeds-from-wednesdays-colorado-blizzard/ |accessdate=March 14, 2019 |publisher=Fox 31 Denver |date=March 13, 2019}} 11. ^{{cite news |last1=Hefty |first1=Jennifer |title=Travel alert: Nearly 600 flights to or from DIA canceled for Thursday |url=https://www.coloradoan.com/story/news/2019/03/13/bomb-cyclone-denver-international-airport-flights-cancelled-thursday-march-14-delta-united-southwest/3156687002/ |accessdate=March 14, 2019 |publisher=Coloradoan |date=March 13, 2019}} 12. ^{{cite news |last1=Mitchell |first1=Kirk |title=Blizzard wreaks havoc on Colorado highways; overnight closures on I-25, I-70 and I-76 |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2019/03/13/denver-traffic-march-13-rush-hour-accidents/ |accessdate=March 14, 2019 |publisher=Denver Post |date=March 13, 2019}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/14/bomb-cyclone-bolts-toward-upper-midwest-after-blasting-colorado-the-plains/|title=Late-winter storm hits Midwest after paralyzing Colorado|date=2019-03-14|website=Twin Cities|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Alex |title=Historic flooding kills three, forces hundreds from homes across the Midwest |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/historic-flooding-kills-three-forces-hundreds-homes-across-midwest-n984271 |accessdate=March 18, 2019 |issue=March 17, 2019 |publisher=NBC News}} 15. ^{{cite news |last1=Norvell |first1=Kim |title=Number of levee breaches up to 30 from 12, and Iowa's flood season is just getting started |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2019/03/20/iowa-flooding-2019-weather-rain-snowmelt-levees-breached-flood-warnings-where-forecast-southwest-nws/3224920002/ |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |publisher=Des Moines register |date=March 20, 2019}} 16. ^{{cite news |last1=Michaels |first1=Chris |title=Record low pressure possible in Great Plains; rain for us |url=https://www.wsls.com/weather/record-low-pressure-possible-in-great-plains-rain-for-us |accessdate=March 13, 2019 |publisher=WSLS |date=March 13, 2019}} 17. ^{{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Martha |last2=Cole |first2=Kevin |title=Drivers staying put as blizzard strikes Nebraska Panhandle, closes highways |url=https://www.omaha.com/news/nebraska/drivers-staying-put-as-blizzard-strikes-nebraska-panhandle-closes-highways/article_1657f516-0d35-51f0-9530-af91f35b86f9.html |accessdate=March 15, 2019 |publisher=Omaha World-Herald |date=March 14, 2019}} 18. ^{{cite news |title=Spencer Dam collapsed |url=https://www.siouxlandproud.com/news/local-news/spencer-dam-compromised/1848462115 |accessdate=March 15, 2019 |publisher=Siouxland Proud |date=March 14, 2019}} 19. ^{{cite news |title=Flash flood emergency up for Platte after ice jam breaks; 1 missing in Norfolk |url=https://journalstar.com/news/local/flash-flood-emergency-up-for-platte-after-ice-jam-breaks/article_5c6e6cd4-00af-5ce3-b99f-c2c9415f98a8.html |accessdate=March 15, 2019 |publisher=Lincoln Journal Star |date=March 14, 2019}} 20. ^{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Erin |last2=Gaarder |first2=Nancy |last3=Peters |first3=Chris |title=Flood emergency declared for western Douglas County; weather service urges residents to evacuate |url=https://www.omaha.com/news/metro/flood-emergency-declared-for-western-douglas-county-weather-service-urges/article_0cb5a056-4dd0-50d3-8ea7-b5424449ce24.html |accessdate=March 15, 2019 |publisher=Omaha World-Herald |date=March 15, 2019}} 21. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.omaha.com/weather/access-to-fremont-blocked-due-to-road-closures-caused-by/article_437282f6-0ea9-5368-bb7c-6e35c2c51cb1.html|title=Access to Fremont Blocked Due to Road Closures Caused by Record Flooding}} 22. ^{{cite news |last1=Liewer |first1=Steve |title=One-third of Offutt underwater; at least 30 buildings damaged in flood |url=https://www.omaha.com/news/military/one-third-of-offutt-underwater-at-least-buildings-damaged-in/article_631f9b34-5271-50e8-b5eb-19f488daaf32.html |accessdate=March 18, 2019 |publisher=Omaha World-Herald}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/news/trending/floodwaters-receding-in-nebraska-but-long-and-costly-recovery-lies/article_62618653-a5c8-5b4b-91a0-a3bf115afeb5.html|title=Floodwaters receding in Nebraska, but long and costly recovery lies ahead|last=Ristau|first=Reece|work=Winston-Salem Journal|via=Omaha World-Herald|date=March 19, 2019|accessdate=March 19, 2019}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/03/21/705408364/nebraska-faces-over-1-3-billion-in-flood-losses|title=Nebraska Faces Over $1.3 Billion In Flood Losses|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-03-26}} 25. ^Smith, Mitch. “'It's Probably Over for Us': Record Flooding Pummels Midwest When Farmers Can Least Afford It.” Google, New York Times, 25 Mar. 2019, www.google.com/amp/s/www.nytimes.com/2019/03/18/us/nebraska-floods.amp.html. 26. ^1 {{cite news |title=4 Jaw-Dropping Facts About Winter Storm Ulmer |url=https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/2019-03-14-winter-storm-ulmer-record-pressure-bombogenesis-blizzard-winds |accessdate=March 15, 2019 |publisher=The Weather Channel |date=March 14, 2019}} 27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://newsok.com/article/5625733/no-headline/|title=High wind warning Wednesday in Oklahoma City|date=2019-03-13|website=NewsOK.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-15}} 28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://weather.com/storms/winter/news/2019-03-11-winter-storm-ulmer-forecast-west-plains-blizzard-conditions|title=Winter Storm Ulmer, the March 2019 Bomb Cyclone, Blasted the Plains With Blizzard Conditions, High Winds|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-15}} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=https://m.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/damaging-storms-spawn-tornadoes-in-new-mexico-leave-thousands-without-power-in-texas/70007684|title=Damaging storms spawn tornadoes in New Mexico, leave thousands without power in Texas - AccuWeather.com|website=m.accuweather.com|access-date=2019-03-15}} 30. ^{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Brandon |last2=Sanderson |first2=Shane |last3=Wolfson |first3=Joshua |title=Governor advises residents to stay indoors as blizzard slams Wyoming |url=https://trib.com/news/state-and-regional/governor-advises-residents-to-stay-indoors-as-blizzard-slams-wyoming/article_5695e1e4-ddcd-5c27-8cc2-5e7d8ae67b4b.html |accessdate=March 14, 2019 |publisher=Casper Star Tribune |date=March 13, 2019}} 31. ^Randall, Doug. “National Weather Service Warns Of Southeast Wyoming Flooding.” KGAB AM 650, 20 Mar. 2019, kgab.com/national-weather-service-warns-of-southeast-wyoming-flooding/. 32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/news/article/atlantic-canada-warming-temperatures-heavy-rain-melting-snow-flood-threat|title=Atlantic: Flood risk continues as cooler temperatures near|last=Inc|first=Pelmorex Weather Networks|website=www.theweathernetwork.com|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-03-17}} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/news/article/flooding-impacting-roads-and-homes-in-southwestern-ontario-new-hamburg-kitchener-kingston-bolton-caledon|title=Hundreds evacuated as flooding targets southwestern Ontario|last=Inc|first=Pelmorex Weather Networks|website=www.theweathernetwork.com|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-03-17}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/news/article/southern-ontario-march-break-weather-incoming-colorado-low-well-above-seasonal-temperatures|title=Ontario: Thunderstorm risk, and what's beyond it|last=Inc|first=Pelmorex Weather Networks|website=www.theweathernetwork.com|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-03-17}} 8 : 2019 natural disasters in the United States|2018–19 North American winter|Blizzards in the United States|2019 in Kansas|2019 in Nebraska|2019 in South Dakota|2019 in Wyoming|March 2019 events in North America |
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