| 词条 | Marie Tepe |
| 释义 |
| name = Mary Tepe | image = Mary Tippee, Vivandere.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | alias = Marie Brose | birth_date = August 24, 1834 | birth_place = Brest, France | death_date = May 24, 1901 | death_place = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | occupation = Vivandière | nationality = French }}Marie Tepe (1834–1901),[1] known as "French Mary," was a French-born vivandière who fought for the Union army during the American Civil War.[2] Tepe served with the 27th and 114th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiments.[3][4] Early lifeLittle is known of Tepe's early life. Born Marie Brose, Tepe was born in Brest, France, on August 24, 1834. Her father was Turkish and her mother was French.[5] It is unknown when she immigrated to the United States, but it is estimated that she immigrated at fifteen years old.[6] Around 1854 she married a tailor from Philadelphia named Bernhard Tepe.[5] Civil War serviceTepe's husband enlisted in the 27th Pennsylvania Infantry as a private. He wanted Tepe to stay behind and run their tailor shop during his service, but Tepe enlisted herself.[5] She enlisted in the 27th as well. While the unit marched to Philadelphia, Tepe was responsible for carrying a 1.5 gallon keg for whiskey or water. While at camp, Tepe sold various goods to the soldiers until the first Battle of Bull Run when she worked in the regimental hospital.[5] Tepe's time with the 27th Infantry ended when her husband and his friends, while intoxicated, stole $1,600 from Tepe.[5] The opportunity to be a vivandière called Tepe back into the service. She joined Charles H.T. Collis and his regiment of Zouaves d’Afrique, the 114th Pennsylvania.[6] In this regiment, she received a soldier's pay with an additional twenty-five cents for each day spent working at the hospital. She became the "daughter of the regiment."[5] She worked alongside the 114th Pennsylvania as a sutler as well as cooking, and washing and mending clothing.[6] After a particularly deadly Battle of Chancellorsville, Tepe began working with a field hospital. Tepe and Annie Etheridge were awarded the Kearny Cross on May 16, 1863, after their work in the Battle of Chancellorsville, though Tepe refused the award.[5][2] They were the only women awarded out of 300 medal recipients.[2] Tepe joined the 114th on numerous campaigns, and was for the most part spared of injury.[5] She was reported to be wounded in the ankle during the Battle of Fredericksburg but otherwise had good luck.[3][4] By one account, Tepe came under fire a total of thirteen times. At the Battle of Chancellorsville, Tepe endured particularly hazardous conditions to bring water to exhausted troops.[7] Tepe's regiment was present at the first battle of Bull Run, Fair Oaks, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Spotsylvania.[6] Post-war lifeAfter the war, she married a Civil War veteran named Richard Leonard; her previous husband had died at Gettysburg. Certain records report that the two met during the Petersburg Campaign and married in Culpeper, Virginia.[5] She and Leonard divorced in March 1897, with Tepe citing "general abuse" as the cause of the split.[5] Tepe was awarded the Kearny Cross for her courageous service at Chancellorsville.[4] In 1898, a newspaper reported that Tepe attempted to receive pension for her military service, yet no records indicate that she received this pension.[5] As a result, she became destitute later in life, developing rheumatism and still suffering from her ankle injury incurred during the war.[5] She committed suicide May 24, 1901 by drinking a lethal dose of "Paris Green," a kind of paint pigment.[1][5] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://pacivilwar150.com/ThroughPeople/Women/MarieBroseTepeLeonard.html|title=Marie Brose Tepe Leonard|website=Pennsylvania Civil War 150|access-date=19 February 2017}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tepe, Marie}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite book|last=Tsui|first=Bonnie|title=She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War|location=Guilford|publisher=TwoDot|date=2006|ISBN=0762743840|page=83}} 3. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Tsui|first=Bonnie|title=She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War|location=Guilford|publisher=TwoDot|date=2006|ISBN=0762743840|page=123}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Hall|first=Richard H.|title=Women on the Civil War Battlefront|location=Lawrence|publisher=University Press of Kansas|date=2006|isbn=9780700614370|page=259}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web|url=http://www.historynet.com/fearless-french-mary.htm |title=Fearless French Mary|website=History Net|language=en|access-date=2017-02-23}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Elizabeth D.|title=All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton and Company|page=150|isbn=0393047121}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Elizabeth D.|title=All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton and Company|page=151|isbn=0393047121}} 13 : 1834 births|1901 deaths|Women in the American Civil War|Female nurses in the American Civil War|American Civil War nurses|People from Brest, France|French emigrants to the United States|French people of Turkish descent|People from Philadelphia|People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War|Suicides by poison|Suicides in Pennsylvania|Female suicides |
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