| 词条 | Marina Nazionale Repubblicana |
| 释义 |
| unit_name =Marina Nazionale Repubblicana | native_name = | image =File: War flag of the Italian Social Republic.svg | alt = | caption = | dates =1943–1945 | country ={{flag|Italian Social Republic}} | allegiance = Axis Power | branch =Navy | type = | role = | size = | command_structure = | garrison = | garrison_label = | nickname = | patron = | motto = | colors = | colors_label = | march = | mascot = | anniversaries = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = Second world war | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | disbanded = | flying_hours = | website = | current_commander = | commander1 = | commander1_label = | commander2 = | commander2_label = | commander3 = | commander3_label = | commander4 = | commander4_label = | commander5 = | commander5_label = | commander6 = | commander6_label = | commander7 = | commander7_label = | commander8 = | commander8_label = | commander9 = | commander9_label = | notable_commanders = | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = | identification_symbol_2 = | identification_symbol_2_label = | identification_symbol_3 = | identification_symbol_3_label = | identification_symbol_4 = | identification_symbol_4_label = | identification_symbol_5 = | identification_symbol_5_label = | aircraft_attack = | aircraft_bomber = | aircraft_electronic = | aircraft_fighter = | aircraft_helicopter = | aircraft_helicopter_attack = | aircraft_helicopter_cargo = | aircraft_helicopter_multirole = | aircraft_helicopter_observation = | aircraft_helicopter_transport = | aircraft_helicopter_trainer = | aircraft_helicopter_utility = | aircraft_interceptor = | aircraft_patrol = | aircraft_recon = | aircraft_trainer = | aircraft_transport = | aircraft_tanker = | aircraft_general = }} The Marina Nazionale Repubblicana (National Republican Navy) was the navy of the Italian Social Republic, a German puppet state in Italy. HistoryThe Marina Nazionale Repubblicana was formally created in late September 1943, following the establishment of the Italian Social Republic. Most of the Regia Marina fleet, however, after the Armistice of Cassibile between Italy and the Allies on 3 September 1943, had sailed to Allied-controlled ports (chiefly Malta),[1] and the few ships that remained in Italian ports, most of them undergoing maintenance or repair, were either scuttled or captured by the German forces and incorporated into the Kriegsmarine. The MNR was thus left without a real fleet; even ships abandoned during construction in Northern Italian shipyards (among them many Gabbiano-class corvettes and Ariete-class torpedo boats) were completed for the German Kriegsmarine, that refused to transfer any of them to the MNR.[2][3] The first Chief of Staff of the MNR was Admiral Antonio Legnani, who however died in a car crash less than a month after the creation of the MNR. He was succeeded by Captain Ferruccio Ferrini.[2] Junio Valerio Borghese's Decima Flottiglia MAS was formally part of the MNR, but it operated as a de facto independent unit under Borghese's undisputed leadership. Ferrini did not tolerate this independence; he accused Borghese of having contacts with the Allies and the anti-Communist partisans, and of conspiring to depose Mussolini and replace him at the head of the RSI. In January 1944 Borghese was summoned by Mussolini and placed under arrest, but this immediately brought the Decima MAS personnel on the verge of mutiny; the situation settled after Borghese was released, following German intervention.[4]The fleet of the MNR never amounted to more than a small number of MAS, submarine chasers, midget submarines and assault craft, the latter operated by the Decima Flottiglia MAS. Part of the personnel recruited by the MNR served on Kriegsmarine ships in the Mediterranean, whereas others manned coastal batteries in Northern Italy.[3] Size and shipsThe Marina Nazionale Repubblicana only reached a twentieth the size of the Allied Italian fleet,[5] and consisted of nine motor torpedo boats (two large and seven small), dozens of MTSM small motor torpedo boats and MTM explosive motorboats.[6] The National Republican Navy also operated fifteen CB-class midget submarines (ten in the Adriatic and five in the Black Sea) and one larger submarine, CM 1,[7] as well as the auxiliary submarine chasers Equa and Antonio Landi, the trawlers Cefalo and Pegaso, and a flotilla of minesweepers based in Venice.[8] An unknown number of MTSMs were active with the navy of the Italian Social Republic. Most of their operations took place in the Adriatic sea, sometimes with mixed Italian and German crews.[9] Of their CB midget class submarines, five were initially given to the Italian Social Republic by Germany,[10][11][12] but later ten more boats were transferred by the Germans to the RSI Navy and served in the Adriatic. One was used for spare parts, seven were sunk and two were captured by the Allies.[13] Operational historyDue to its small size, activity by MNR mainly consisted in coastal patrolling and minelaying operations, as well as some limited offensive activity against Allied shipping with MAS and assault craft.[14] The only success by a MNR vessel came on 16 April 1945, a few weeks before its dissolution, when one MTM hit and heavily damaged the French destroyer Trombe off Liguria, Italy.[15] In late April 1945, the MNR ceased to exist following the liberation of Northern Italy and the fall of the Italian Social Republic. Many MNR and Decima MAS personnel stationed in Istria became victims of the Foibe massacres between April and May 1945.[16] List of shipsCB-class submarines:
VAS-class patrol boats:
MTSM-class motorboat
MS-class speedboat
MAS-class
References1. ^Robert Wallace & the editors of Time-Life Books, The Italian Campaign, Time-Life Books Inc, 1978. p.57 {{Authority control}}2. ^1 Giorgio Giorgerini, Attacco dal mare. Storia dei mezzi d'assalto della Marina italiana, p. 297. 3. ^1 Achille Rastelli, Sommergibili a Singapore, p. 160. 4. ^Giorgio Giorgerini, Attacco dal mare. Storia dei mezzi d'assalto della Marina italiana, pp. 318 to 322. 5. ^Page 100, "The Armed Forces of World War II", Andrew Mollo, {{ISBN|0-517-54478-4}} 6. ^Spencer C. Tucker, World War II at Sea: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia, p. 389 7. ^Jack Greene, Alessandro Massignani, The Black Prince and the Sea Devils: The Story of Valerio Borghese and the elite units of the Decima MAS, p.42 8. ^Enrico Cernuschi, La marina repubblicana 1943-1945 parte 1, in Storia Militare n° 188-May 2009, page 45. 9. ^Fock, Harald (1996). Marine-Kleinkampfmittel. Bemannte Torpedoes, Klein-U-Boote, Kleine Schnellboote, Sprengboote gestern – heute – morgen. Nikol, pp. 115. {{ISBN|3-930656-34-5}} {{de icon}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/cb_class.htm |title=CB Class Midget Submarines |website=battleships-cruisers.co.uk |accessdate=6 January 2015 }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.comandosupremo.com/Blacksea.html |title=M.A.S. and Midget Submarines in the Black Sea 1942–1943 |date=29 March 2010 |website=comandosupremo.com |accessdate=6 January 2015 }} 12. ^Jamie Prenatt and Mark Stille, Axis midget submarines p. 15 13. ^W. M. Thornton, Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World{{page needed|date=December 2016}} 14. ^Enrico Cernuschi, La marina repubblicana 1943-1945 parte 1, in Storia Militare n° 188-May 2009, page 46. 15. ^Italeri 1/35 MTM Barchino by Ray Mehlberger {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019215703/http://www.cybermodeler.com/hobby/kits/it/kit_it_5604.shtml |date=2012-10-19 }} 16. ^Giorgio Giorgerini, Attacco dal mare. Storia dei mezzi d'assalto della Marina italiana, pp. 318-334. 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web|title=Italian CB Class Midget Submarines|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/cb_class.htm|website=www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk|accessdate=7 December 2016}} 18. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 {{cite web|title=Marina Nazionale Repubblicana (MNR)|url=http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/achse/rsi-mnr.htm|website=www.wlb-stuttgart.de|accessdate=7 December 2016}} 7 : Disbanded navies|Naval history of World War II|Military units and formations established in 1943|Military units and formations disestablished in 1945|Italian Social Republic|Naval history of Italy|Military units and formations of Italy in World War II |
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