| 词条 | Maritime Labor Board |
| 释义 |
|agency_name = Maritime Labor Board |nativename = MLB |seal = |seal_width = |formed = June 23, 1938 |dissolved = February 14, 1942 |jurisdiction = Federal government of the United States |headquarters = Washington, D.C. |employees = |preceding1 = United States Maritime Commission |preceding2 = |preceding3 = |preceding4 = |parent_agency = Executive Office of the President |budget = |chief1_name = Robert W. Bruere of New York |chief1_position = Chairman |chief2_name = Dr. Louis Bloch of San Francisco |chief2_position = Member |chief3_name = Claude E. Seehorn of Denver |chief3_position = Member |chief4_name = |chief4_position = |chief5_name = |chief5_position = |chief6_name = |chief6_position = |website = }} The Maritime Labor Board (MLB) was an independent US government agency with responsibilities for mediating and researching US labor law in relation to labor disputes in the maritime industry. In 1941, its mediation function lapsed, after which it focused exclusively on research.[1][2][3][4] HistoryCreationThe Maritime Labor Board (MLB) was created by an amendment on June 23, 1948 (52 Stat. 968) to the Merchant Marine Act (49 Stat. 1985) of June 29, 1936.[1][2][3][4] OperationsThe MLB began with two major functions. First, it mediated labor disputes within the maritime industry. Second, it conducted research on maritime labor problems.[1] From its founding to June 30, 1941, the MLB became involved in 118 disputes, advised 40 disputs, and observed 37 disputes. The Sailors' Union of the Pacific refused to deal with it at all; the National Maritime Union (NMU) would deal with it. Walter Galenson pronounced the MLB "unsuccessful" in 1960.[3] DevolutionOn June 23, 1941, an amendment (55 Stat. 259) to the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 let the MLB's mediation functions lapse. From then on, it focused only as a research agency.[1][2] ClosureOn February 14 (or 15), 1942, the MLB ceased operations due to exhaustion of appropriations.[1] Three days later, its files went to the National Archives.[2] The Conciliation Service of the National Defense Mediation Board succeeded the MLB. On May 24, 1950, President Harry S. Truman abolished the U.S. Maritime Commission, replaced by the Maritime Administration.[4] MembersBoard MembersIn July 1938, the MLB's board included:
Staff membersFrom 1938 to 1940, Nathan Gregory Silvermaster was a staff member: he ran the Silvermaster Group under Soviet spy Elizabeth Bentley.[6] See also{{Portal|Organized labour}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web| first = Robert B.| last = Machette| title = Records of the Maritime Labor Board| publisher = National Archives and Records Administration| url = https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/157.html| date = 1995| accessdate = 21 October 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal| title = Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Maritime Labor Board| publisher = Indiana Magazine of History| url = https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/view/7988/9689| date = 1950| accessdate = 21 October 2017}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book| first = Walter| last = Galenson| authorlink = Walter Galenson| title = The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the American Labor Movement| publisher = Harvard University Press| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IAGpsVYqr9kC| pages = 451 (founding), 457 (unsuccessful)| date = 1960| accessdate = 21 October 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book| first1 = Michael Rheta | last1 = Martin| first2 = Leonard | last2 = Gelber| title = Dictionary of American History: With the Complete Text of the Constitution of the United States| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aqG-B4jsMIAC| pages = 396| date = 1978| accessdate = 21 October 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web| title = First meeting of the maritime labor board| publisher = National Archives and Records Administration| url = https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009011525/| date = | accessdate = 21 October 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web| title = Hearings regarding Communist espionage in the United States Government| publisher = United States Government Printing Office (US GPO)| url = https://archive.org/stream/hearingsregardin195002unit/hearingsregardin195002unit_djvu.txt| page = 2875–2876| date = 28 August 1950| accessdate = 21 October 2017}} External sources
| editor1=Caroline W. Hiatt | editor2 = Salvatore D. Nerboso | title = Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Maritime Labor Board. Preliminary Report No. 20 | publisher = National Archives | date = 1949 | accessdate = 21 October 2017}}
| title = Maritime Labor Board: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, Seventy-seventh Congress, First Session, on H.R. 4107, an Act to Extend for Two Years the Provisions of Title X of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as Amended May 13 and 14, 1941 | publisher = National Archives | url = https://books.google.com/books/about/Maritime_Labor_Board.html | date = 1941 | accessdate = 21 October 2017}}
| title = First meeting of the maritime labor board (photo) | publisher = U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce | url = https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009011525/ | date = | accessdate = 21 October 2017}}
4 : History of labor relations in the United States|Labor relations boards|Government agencies established in 1938|New Deal agencies |
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