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词条 Accession of Montenegro to the European Union
释义

  1. Application

  2. State of Stabilisation and Association Agreement ratification

  3. Unilateral euro adoption

  4. Negotiation progress

  5. Visa liberalisation process

  6. Timeline

  7. Impact of joining

  8. See also

  9. References

{{Infobox EU accession bid
| logo = Logo for Accession of Montenegro to the European Union.jpg
| status = Negotiating
| nation = Montenegro
| national_denonym = Montenegrin
| map = European Union Montenegro Locator.svg
| chapters_opened = 32 out of 33
| chapters_closed = 3 out of 33
| national_GDP_PPP = 7,157
| national_gdp_ppp_per_capita = 17,000 (2016 est.) [1]
| national_area_total = 13,812
| national_population = 625,000
| website = {{Unbulleted list|
| Montenegrin Ministry of European affairs website
| Delegation of EU to Montenegro
| EU Commission website
}}{{Politics of Montenegro}}

Accession of Montenegro to the European Union (EU) is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU.

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro started the process of Accession to the European Union in November 2005, when negotiations over a Stabilisation and Association Agreement began. In May 2006, Montenegro voted for independence in a referendum and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro was dissolved. Serbia continued with the existing negotiations, and separate negotiations were launched with Montenegro in September 2006.[2][3] The Agreement was initialled on 15 March 2007 and officially signed on 15 October 2007. In 2010, the Commission issued a favourable opinion on Montenegro's application, identifying seven key priorities that would need to be addressed for negotiations to begin, and the Council granted it candidate status. In December 2011, the Council launched the accession process with a view to opening negotiations in June 2012. The accession negotiations with Montenegro subsequently began on 29 June 2012. With 31 chapters opened, the country enjoys a widespread support among EU members' officials, and accession of the country to the EU is considered possible by 2025. In its 2016 assessment of the accession progress, European Commission has identified Montenegro as having the highest level of preparation for membership among the negotiating states.

Montenegro is currently receiving EUR 507mn of developmental aid until 2020 from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance, a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries.

Application

Montenegro officially applied to join the EU on 15 December 2008.[4] On 23 April 2009, the Council invited the European Commission to submit its opinion on the application. The Commission presented Montenegro with a questionnaire to assess its application on 22 July 2009.[5] On 9 December 2009, Montenegro delivered its answers to the EC questionnaire.[6] Negotiations on a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) between Montenegro and the European Union started in September 2006.[7] The agreement was officially signed on 15 October 2007, and on 1 May 2010 it came into force, after all the 27 member-states of EU had ratified the SAA.[8][9]

The European Commission on 9 November 2010 recommended Montenegro as candidate country. This candidate status was officially granted on 17 December 2010.[10]

Montenegro is experiencing ecological, judicial and crime-related problems that may hinder its bid.[11] Montenegro signed an agreement with the Bulgarian government in December 2007 in which Bulgaria will assist Montenegro with its Euro-Atlantic and EU integration for the following three years.[12]

On 27 July 2010, the Montenegrin Parliament passed a non-discrimination law that includes sexual orientation and gender identity as prohibited grounds of discrimination. This was one of the requirements the country had to meet for EU membership.[13]

Montenegro's population is overwhelmingly pro-EU, with 76.2% being in favour according to polling and only 9.8% against, in October 2009.[14]

To work on these matters the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro has a special agency dedicated to accession to the EU, the Office for assistance to the Chief Negotiator. The goal of the office is to support the task of the Chief Negotiator for Montenegro’s Accession to EU, Aleksandar Drljević.

State of Stabilisation and Association Agreement ratification

{{hidden
| expanded=
| header = Status of SAA ratification
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center;
| content ={{Stabilisation_and_Association_Process}}
}}

Unilateral euro adoption

{{main article|Montenegro and the euro}}Montenegro has no currency of its own. As a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia following World War II, and later of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav dinar was the official currency in Montenegro. In November 1999, the government of Montenegro unilaterally designated the Deutsche Mark as its co-official currency with the dinar, and on 1 January 2001 the dinar officially ceased to be a legal tender in Montenegro.[15][16] When the euro was introduced and the Deutsche Mark yielded, Montenegro followed suit and began using the euro as well, with no objection from the European Central Bank (ECB).[17][18] The European Commission and the ECB have since voiced their discontent over Montenegro's unilateral use of the euro on several occasions.”[19] A statement attached to their Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU read: "unilateral introduction of the euro was not compatible with the Treaty."[19] The EU insists on the strict adherence to convergence criteria (such as spending at least 2 years in the ERMII system) which are not negotiable before euro adoption, but have not intervened to stop the unilateral adoption of the euro by Montenegro in 2002.[20][21]

The issue is expected to be resolved through the negotiations process.[20] The ECB has stated that the implications of unilateral euro adoption "would be spelled out at the latest in the event of possible negotiations on EU accession."[19] Diplomats have suggested that it's unlikely Montenegro will be forced to withdraw the euro from circulation in their country.[17][19] Radoje Žugić, Montenegro's Minister of Finance, has stated that "it would be extremely economically irrational to return to our own currency and then later to again go back to the euro."[22] Instead, he hopes that Montenegro will be permitted to keep the euro and has promised "the government of Montenegro, will adopt some certain elements, which should fulfil the conditions for further use of the euro; such as adopting fiscal rules."[22]

Negotiation progress

As of February 2019, there is currently one chapter waiting to be opened, twenty-nine chapters open, and five chapters that have been provisionally closed, including two chapters in which there is nothing to adopt.

Chapter and Accession Dates
ChapterScreening startedScreening completedChapter openedChapter closed
Overview 33 out of 33 33 out of 33 32 out of 33 [23] 3 out of 33 [23]
1. Free Movement of Goods 2013-01-14 2013-03-06 2017-06-20 –
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers 2013-05-13 2013-06-07 2017-12-11[24] –
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services 2012-10-23 2012-11-30 2017-12-11[25] –
4. Free Movement of Capital 2013-01-18 2013-02-21 2014-06-24[26] –
5. Public Procurement 2012-09-27 2012-11-19 2013-12-18 –
6. Company Law 2012-10-02 2012-11-22 2013-12-18 –
7. Intellectual Property Law 2012-10-11 2012-11-21 2014-03-31 –
8. Competition Policy 2012-10-03 2012-12-04 – –
9. Financial Services 2013-04-17 2013-06-11 2015-06-22[27] –
10. Information Society & Media 2012-12-06 2013-01-22 2014-03-31 –
11. Agriculture & Rural Development 2012-11-06 2012-12-13 2016-12-13 –
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy 2012-10-15 2013-02-01 2016-06-30 –
13. Fisheries 2013-03-14 2013-06-06 2016-06-30 –
14. Transport Policy 2013-04-22 2013-05-30 2015-12-21 –
15. Energy 2013-02-27 2013-04-11 2015-12-21 –
16. Taxation 2013-04-08 2013-04-30 2015-03-30 –
17. Economic & Monetary Policy 2013-01-10 2013-02-26 2018-06-25 –
18. Statistics 2013-06-03 2013-06-25 2014-12-16[28] –
19. Social Policy & Employment 2013-01-23 2013-03-13 2016-12-13 –
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy 2012-10-25 2012-11-28 2013-12-18 –
21. Trans-European Networks 2013-04-22 2013-05-30 2015-06-22[27] –
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments 2012-11-14 2012-12-18 2017-06-20 –
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights 2012-03-26[29] 2012-05-31 2013-12-18 –
24. Justice, Freedom & Security 2012-03-28[29] 2012-05-25 2013-12-18 –
25. Science & Research 2012-09-24 2012-09-25 2012-12-18 2012-12-18[30]
26. Education & Culture 2012-09-26 2012-11-16 2013-04-15 2013-04-15[31]
27. Environment & Climate Change 2013-02-04 2013-03-22 2018-12-10[32] –
28. Consumer & Health Protection 2013-02-19 2013-04-16 2014-12-16[28] –
29. Customs Union 2013-05-23 2013-06-21 2014-12-16[28] –
30. External Relations 2013-05-14 2013-06-12 2015-03-30 2017-06-20
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy 2013-05-17 2013-06-27 2014-06-24[26] –
32. Financial Control 2013-05-16 2013-06-19 2014-06-24[26] –
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions 2013-05-15 2013-06-26 2014-12-16[28] –
34. Institutions N/A N/A N/A N/A
35. Other Issues N/A N/A N/A N/A
Latest EC Assessment
Acquis chapterStatus as of Spring 2018[33][34]Chapter Status
Overview 2 chapters in early stage
2 chapters with some level of preparation
21 chapters which are moderately prepared
8 chapters with a good level of preparation
2 chapters with nothing to adopt		5 provisionally closed
29 open
1 not yet opened
1. Free Movement of GoodsModerately preparedOpen
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide ServicesModerately preparedOpen
4. Free Movement of CapitalModerately preparedOpen
5. Public ProcurementModerately preparedOpen
6. Company LawGood level of preparationOpen
7. Intellectual Property LawGood level of preparationOpen
8. Competition PolicyModerately preparedNot Yet Opened
9. Financial ServicesModerately preparedOpen
10. Information Society & MediaModerately preparedOpen
11. Agriculture & Rural DevelopmentModerately preparedOpen
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary PolicyModerately preparedOpen
13. FisheriesEarly stageOpen
14. Transport PolicyGood level of preparationOpen
15. EnergyGood level of preparationOpen
16. TaxationModerately preparedOpen
17. Economic & Monetary PolicyModerately preparedOpen
18. StatisticsModerately preparedOpen
19. Social Policy & EmploymentModerately preparedOpen
20. Enterprise & Industrial PolicyModerately preparedOpen
21. Trans-European NetworksModerately preparedOpen
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural InstrumentsModerately preparedOpen
23. Judiciary & Fundamental RightsModerately preparedOpen
24. Justice, Freedom & SecurityModerately preparedOpen
25. Science & ResearchGood level of preparationProvisionally closed
26. Education & CultureGood level of preparationProvisionally closed
27. Environment & Climate Change28. Consumer & Health ProtectionModerately preparedOpen
29. Customs UnionModerately preparedOpen
30. External RelationsGood level of preparationProvisionally closed
31. Foreign, Security & Defence PolicyGood level of preparationOpen
32. Financial ControlModerately preparedOpen
33. Financial & Budgetary ProvisionsEarly stageOpen
34. Institutions Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt /
Provisionally closed
35. Other Issues Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt /
Provisionally closed
Past Assessments
Acquis chapterEC assessment at startEC Assessment in 2015[35]EC Assessment in 2016[36]EC Assessment in 2018[37][38]
1. Free Movement of GoodsConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
2. Freedom of Movement For WorkersFurther efforts neededEarly stageSome level of preparation
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide ServicesFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
4. Free Movement of CapitalFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
5. Public ProcurementFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
6. Company LawFurther efforts neededModerately preparedGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
7. Intellectual Property LawConsiderable efforts neededWell preparedGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
8. Competition PolicyFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
9. Financial ServicesFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
10. Information Society & MediaFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
11. Agriculture & Rural DevelopmentConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately prepared
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary PolicyConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately prepared
13. FisheriesConsiderable efforts neededEarly stageEarly stageEarly stage
14. Transport PolicyFurther efforts neededModerately preparedGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
15. EnergyFurther efforts neededModerately preparedGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
16. TaxationNo major difficulties expectedModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
17. Economic & Monetary PolicyFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
18. StatisticsConsiderable efforts neededSome level of preparationModerately prepared
19. Social Policy & EmploymentConsiderable efforts neededSome level of preparationModerately prepared
20. Enterprise & Industrial PolicyNo major difficulties expectedModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
21. Trans-European NetworksFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural InstrumentsConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
23. Judiciary & Fundamental RightsConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
24. Justice, Freedom & SecurityConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
25. Science & ResearchNo major difficulties expectedGood level of preparationGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
26. Education & CultureNo major difficulties expectedGood level of preparationGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
27. Environment & Climate ChangeTotally incompatibleEarly stageSome level of preparation
28. Consumer & Health ProtectionFurther efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
29. Customs UnionNo major difficulties expectedModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
30. External RelationsNo major difficulties expectedGood level of preparationGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
31. Foreign, Security & Defence PolicyNo major difficulties expectedGood level of preparationGood level of preparationGood level of preparation
32. Financial ControlConsiderable efforts neededModerately preparedModerately preparedModerately prepared
33. Financial & Budgetary ProvisionsNo major difficulties expectedEarly stageEarly stageEarly stage
34. Institutions Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt
35. Other Issues Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt
{{legend|#f3f|totally incompatible}}{{legend|#f00|early stage / very hard to adopt}}{{legend|#ffa500|considerable efforts needed}}{{legend|#FFD27F|some level of preparation}}{{legend|#ff5|further efforts needed}}{{legend|#FFFFE0|moderately prepared}}{{legend|#cfc|no major difficulties expected}}{{legend|#7fff00|good level of preparation}}{{legend|#32cd32|well prepared / well advanced}}

Visa liberalisation process

On 1 January 2008 the visa facilitation and readmission agreements between Montenegro and the EU entered into force.[39] Montenegro was added to the list of visa exempt nationals on 19 December 2009, allowing their citizens to enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania without a visa when traveling with biometric passports.[40] Visa liberalisation process does not include travels to Ireland or the United Kingdom as these countries operate their own respective visa regimes outside of the Schengen Agreement.

Timeline

Timeline
DateEvent
15 October 2007 Montenegro signs the Stabilisation and Association Agreement.
15 December 2008 Formal application for membership submitted.
22 July 2009 Commission applied Questionnaire to the Montenegro.
9 December 2009 Montenegro submits answers to the Commission's Questionnaire.
12 April 2010 Montenegro submits additional answers to the Commission's Questionnaire.
9 November 2010 European Commission replies to the answers of the Questionnaire with a positive opinion (Avis).
17 December 2010 Montenegro receives official candidate status.
12 October 2011 Commission recommends starting of negotiations.[41]
26 March 2012 Screening started.
26 June 2012 European Council sets a target date of 29 June for the beginning of accession negotiations.[42]
29 June 2012 Accession negotiations begin with the screening process.[42]
18 December 2012 Chapter on "Science and Research" is opened and closed.
15 April 2013 The first accession conference is held in Brussels. Chapter on "Education and Culture" is opened and closed.
1 June 2013 The second accession conference was planned to be held in Brussels in June.[43]
27 June 2013 Screening completed.[44]
18 December 2013 Five chapters are opened.[45]
31 March 2014 Two chapters are opened.[46]
24 June 2014 Three chapters are opened.[47][48]
16 December 2014 Four chapters are opened.[49]
30 March 2015 Two chapters are opened.[50]
22 June 2015 Two chapters are opened.[27]
21 December 2015 Two chapters are opened.[51]
30 June 2016 Two chapters are opened.[52]
13 December 2016 Two chapters are opened.
20 June 2017 Two chapters are opened and one chapter is closed.[53]
11 December 2017 Two chapters are opened.[54]
25 June 2018 One chapter is opened.
10 December 2018 One chapter is opened.[55]

Impact of joining

Member countries Population Area (km²) GDP
(billion US$)		 GDP
per capita (US$)		 Languages
{{MNE}} 621,400 13,812 4.42 7,113 Montenegrin
EU28 507,890,191 4,381,376 17,267 33,998 24
EU28+1 508,511,591
(+0.12%)		 4,395,188
(+0.32%)		 17,271.420
(+0.026%)		 33,965
(−0.1%)		 25

See also

  • Yugoslavia and the European Economic Community
  • Euro-Slavism
  • Foreign relations of Montenegro
  • Accession of Montenegro to NATO

References

1. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mj.html World Factbook], CIA, accessed on 21 June 2017
2. ^Enlargement Process – Montenegro Key Events {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522172803/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/montenegro/key_events_en.htm |date=22 May 2007 }}, European Commission, accessed on 10 January 2007
3. ^Germany prepares to take over EU presidency, Southeast European Times, 19 December 2006, accessed on 10 January 2007
4. ^{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1229351535.73 |date=* |title=Montenegro formally applies to join European Union }} EUbusiness, 16 December 2008, archived on 26 April 2009 from the original {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217113123/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1229351535.73 |date=17 December 2008 }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/news/press_release_about_questionnaire_en.pdf|title=EC questionnaire to Montenegro|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730195408/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/news/press_release_about_questionnaire_en.pdf|archivedate=30 July 2009|df=dmy-all}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/newsbriefs/setimes/newsbriefs/2009/12/10/nb-06|title=Montenegro delivers answers to EC questionnaire|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/montenegro/index_en.htm|publisher=European Commission|title=Montenegro|accessdate=9 December 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=05&dd=01&nav_id=66853 |title=SAA comes into force for Montenegro |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503181937/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=05&dd=01&nav_id=66853 |archivedate=3 May 2010 |df=dmy }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.focus-fen.net/index.php?id=n218346|title=Montenegro: Stabilisation and Association Agreement comes into force}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2010/package/mn_opinion_2010_en.pdf|title="Commission Opinion on Montenegro's application for membership of the European Union"|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2008&mm=11&dd=28&nav_category=167&nav_id=331150|title=Ren: Kriminal prepreka Crnoj Gori|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://international.ibox.bg/news/id_1535902228|title=Новини от България и света, актуална информация 24 часа в денонощието|website=News.bg|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
13. ^ILGA Europe:Montenegro fulfils EU membership requirement and protects LGBT people from discrimination. 19 August 2010.
14. ^Političko javno mnjenje Crne Gore {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722171733/http://www.cedem.me/fajlovi/editor_fajlovi/istrazivanja/CEDEM_oktobar09.pdf |date=22 July 2011 }} Centar Za Demokratiju i Ljudska Prava, October 2009
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NJ-04-044/EN/KS-NJ-04-044-EN.PDF |title=Exchange rates in Western Balkan countries |date=2004 |publisher=Eurostat |last=Amerini |first=Amerini |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019072508/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NJ-04-044/EN/KS-NJ-04-044-EN.PDF |archivedate=19 October 2006 |df=dmy }}
16. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=mBPYwKuEtHAC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34|title=Republic of Montenegro: Selected Issues|pages=34|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=February 2008}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/enlargement/24924|title=EU to question Montenegro's use of euro|date=8 October 2007|accessdate=19 February 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Montenegro's euro challenge|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1740493.stm|publisher=BBC|date=3 January 2002|accessdate=17 November 2007}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.wieninternational.at/en/node/5446 |title=Montenegro heading for EU membership |date=24 October 2007 |accessdate=19 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511052725/http://www.wieninternational.at/en/node/5446 |archivedate=11 May 2013 }}
20. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=10&dd=10&nav_id=44442 |title=EU warns Montenegro over Euro |publisher=B92 |date=10 October 2007 |accessdate=9 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105135956/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=10&dd=10&nav_id=44442 |archivedate=5 November 2012 }}
21. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/eu-prijeti-crnoj-gori-ukidanjem-eura-niste-sposobni-za-nasu-valutu/554715.aspx | language = Croatian | title = EU prijeti Crnoj Gori ukidanjem eura: Niste sposobni za našu valutu |trans-title=EU threatens revoking the euro from Montenegro: You're not capable enough for our currency | publisher = Index.hr | date = 1 June 2011 | accessdate = 9 September 2011}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/montenegros-peculiar-path-to-eu-membership/a-16583842|title=Montenegro's peculiar path to EU membership|date=7 February 2013|accessdate=19 February 2013}}
23. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.delmne.ec.europa.eu/code/navigate.php?Id=56|title=EU Accession Negotiations|date=21 December 2015|accessdate=6 March 2015|quote=As of 21 December 2015, twenty-two negotiating Chapters, including the rule of law Chapters, 23 – Judiciary and fundamental rights and 24 – Justice, freedom and security, have been opened, out which two Chapters (25 – Science and research and 26 – Education and culture) have been provisionally closed.}}
24. ^https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/eu-advances-membership-talks-for-serbia-montenegro/
25. ^https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/eu-advances-membership-talks-for-serbia-montenegro/
26. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Politika/476015/EU-otvorila-jos-tri-poglavlja-u-pregovorima-s-Crnom-Gorom|title=EU otvorila još tri poglavlja u pregovorima s Crnom Gorom|date=26 November 2015|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
27. ^1 2 https://eu2015.lv/news/media-releases/2391-sixth-meeting-of-the-accession-conference-with-montenegro-at-ministerial-level-2-new-chapters-opened
28. ^1 2 3 http://www.mvpei.gov.me/vijesti/144754/Potpredsjednik-Vlade-Igor-Luksic-na-Meduvladinoj-konferenciji-o-pristupanju-Crne-Gore-EU.html
29. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/the-eu-started-screening-montenegro|title=EU 'Screening' of Montenegro Starts in Brussels|date=28 March 2012|accessdate=17 April 2012}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/montenegro/index_en.htm|title=Montenegro - Membership status|date=27 June 2013|accessdate=23 January 2014}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neurope.eu/article/eu-montenegro-promote-accession-talks|title=EU-Montenegro promote accession talks}}
32. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.total-montenegro-news.com/politics/2739-mne-chapter-27 |title= MNE Chapter 27 }}
33. ^https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/20180417-montenegro-report.pdf
34. ^http://www.delmne.ec.europa.eu/upload/images/poglavljaengbig.jpg
35. ^http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2015/20151110_report_montenegro.pdf
36. ^http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2016/20161109_report_montenegro.pdf
37. ^https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/20180417-montenegro-report.pdf
38. ^http://www.delmne.ec.europa.eu/upload/images/poglavljaengbig.jpg
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/montenegro/relation/index_en.htm |title=Montenegro - EU-Montenegro relations |accessdate=24 July 2012 |publisher=European Commission |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225070306/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/montenegro/relation/index_en.htm |archivedate=25 December 2011 |df=dmy }}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2009&mm=11&dd=30&nav_id=63395 |title=EU lifts visa restrictions for Serbia |date=30 November 2009 |accessdate=30 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203073930/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2009&mm=11&dd=30&nav_id=63395 |archivedate=3 December 2009 }}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/15/113908|title=EU links Serbia's candidate status to Kosovo talks|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
42. ^1 Council conclusions on Montenegro {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619074745/http://ue.eu.int/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/genaff/131206.pdf |date=19 June 2013 }}
43. ^Montenegro opens and temporarily closes Chapter 26 for EU accession {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232514/http://www.balkans.com/open-news.php?uniquenumber=172932 |date=30 December 2013 }}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mip.gov.me/index.php/Vijesti-/-Aktuelnosti/saoptenje-u-briselu-predstavljeno-crnogorsko-zakonodavstvo-u-oblasti-vanjske-bezbjednosne-i-odbrambene-politike.html|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130717080038/http://www.mip.gov.me/index.php/Vijesti-/-Aktuelnosti/saoptenje-u-briselu-predstavljeno-crnogorsko-zakonodavstvo-u-oblasti-vanjske-bezbjednosne-i-odbrambene-politike.html|deadurl=yes|title=Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i evropskih integracija Crne Gore - Sao…|date=17 July 2013|archivedate=17 July 2013|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-1180_en.htm|title=European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - EU-Montenegro: Important milestone in accession negotiations|website=europa.eu|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
46. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.mvpei.gov.me/vijesti/137122/Saopstenje-Crna-Gora-otvorila-poglavlja-7-i-10.html |title=Saopštenje: Crna Gora otvorila poglavlja 7 i 10 |publisher=Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i evropskih integracija [Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European integration] |language=Montenegrin |trans-title=Press release: Montenegro opened chapters 7:10 |date=31 March 2014 |accessdate=2015-01-16}}
47. ^http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/genaff/143372.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2015}}
48. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.mvpei.gov.me/pretraga/139944/Saopstenje-Ministar-Ivanovic-ucestvovao-na-sastanku-Zajednickog-konsultativnog-odbora-civilnog-drustva-EU-Crna-Gora-na-kome-se-d.html |title=Saopštenje: Ministar Ivanović učestvovao na sastanku Zajedničkog konsultativnog odbora civilnog društva EU – Crna Gora, na kome se diskutovalo u napretku Crne Gore u EU |publisher=Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i evropskih integracija [Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European integration] |language=Montenegrin |trans-title=Press release: Minister Ivanovic took part in a meeting of the Joint Consultative Committee of EU civil society - Montenegro, where it was discussed in the progress of Montenegro in the EU |date=24 June 2014 |accessdate=2015-01-16}}
49. ^EU has opened four new chapters in accession talks with Montenegro {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219001504/http://www.balkans.com/open-news.php?uniquenumber=199796 |date=19 December 2014 }}. Balkans.com Business News.
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dtt-net.com/en/index.php?page=view-article&article=8030|title=Montenegro opens 2 more chapters of EU entry talks|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/enlargement/131626|title=Montenegro opens two EU accession chapters|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/06/30-montenegro-accession-conference|title=Accession conference with Montenegro: Talks opened on chapters 12 and 13 - Consilium|website=www.consilium.europa.eu|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2017/06/20/20970/|title=Montenegro opens chapters 1 and 22, closes 30|first=E. W. B.|last=Archives|date=20 June 2017|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}
54. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mep.gov.me/vijesti/179393/Crna-Gora-sjutra-otvara-poglavlja-2-i-3.html|title=Detalji|website=www.mep.gov.me|access-date=2017-12-10}}
55. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.total-montenegro-news.com/politics/2739-mne-chapter-27 |title= MNE Chapter 27 }}
{{European Union candidates}}{{Foreign relations of Montenegro}}{{External relations of the European Union}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Accession Of Montenegro To The European Union}}

2 : Contemplated enlargements of the European Union|Montenegro–European Union relations
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