“Accusative absolute”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Accusative absolute

释义

Greek
German
Latin
Sources

The accusative absolute is a grammatical construction found in some languages. It is an absolute construction found in the accusative case.

Greek

In ancient Greek, the accusative case is used adverbially with participles of impersonal verbs. It is similar in usage to the genitive absolute.^[1] For example:

grc\|συνδόξαν}}	grc\|τῷ}}	grc\|πατρὶ}}	grc\|καὶ}}	grc\|τῇ}}	grc\|μητρὶ}}	grc\|γαμεῖ}}	grc\|τὴν}}	grc\|Κυαξάρου}}	grc\|θυγατέρα}}
seeming good-acc	the-masc.dat.sg	father-dat	and	the-fem.dat.sg	mother-dat	marries	the-fem.acc.sg	Cyaxares-gen	daughter-acc
"It seeming good to his father and mother, he marries the daughter of Cyaxares." (Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.5.28)

German

In German, a noun phrase can be put in the accusative to indicate that the subject of the sentence has the property described.^[2] For example:

de\|Neben}}	de\|ihm}}	de\|saß}}	de\|der}}	de\|dünnhaarige}}	de\|Pianist,}}	de\|den}}	de\|Kopf}}	de\|im}}	de\|Nacken,}}	de\|und}}	de\|lauschte}}.
next to	him	sat	the	thin-haired	pianist	the-masc.acc.sg	head	in the	neck	and	listened
"The thin-haired pianist, his head back (lit. his head in his neck), sat next to him and listened."

Latin

The accusative absolute is sometimes found in place of the ablative absolute in the Latin of Late Antiquity as, for example, in the writings of Gregory of Tours and Jordanes. This likely arose when the pronunciation of the ablative and accusative singulars merged, since the final -m of the accusative singular was no longer pronounced, even in the Classical era. But the accusative absolute is also found with plural nouns where the ablative and accusative are not similar in pronunciation.

Sources

1. ^Balme, Maurice and Gilbert Lawall. Athenadze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. pp 172.
2. ^Duden 4, Die Grammatik, 5th edition (1995), p. 624

3 : Grammar|Greek grammar|German grammar

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