“Mary Barkas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mary Rushton Barkas (7 September 1889 – 17 April 1959) was a psychiatrist, physician and author from New Zealand. She worked at the Bethlem Royal Hospital, where she was the first female house physician, and the Maudsley Hospital in London, United Kingdom.

Early life

Mary Rushton Barkas was born in 1889 in Christchurch, New Zealand, to Frederick Barkas, who worked at the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, and Amy Barkas {{nee}} Parker. She attended Christchurch Girls' High School and was the dux of the school in 1905.^[1] She went on to study at Victoria University College in Wellington, graduating with a BSc in 1908, and an MSc in 1910, and later studied under Carl Jung at King's College London.^[2]^[3]^[2] During the First World War, she studied medicine at St Mary's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women, graduating in 1918.^[2] In 1922, Barkas travelled to Vienna to study for a graduate diploma, where she worked under Otto Rank.^[2]

Career

In 1919, Barkas became the first female house physician at the Bethlem Royal Hospital.^[2]^[3] In 1923, Barkas was one of four full-time psychiatrists employed at the newly opened Maudsley Hospital, and she worked there until 1927. Her work focused upon organic psychiatry, psychoanalysis and child psychiatry, and she described the hospital as a "shelter and refuge" which offered "complete protection and satisfaction of all needs."^[4]^[5]^[6] From 1928 to 1933, Barkas worked as a Medical Superintendent at The Lawn Hospital in Lincoln.^[2]^[3] In this role, Barkas helped to reduce the expenditure of the hospital.^[7]

After her father died in 1932, Barkas retired and returned to New Zealand. She moved to Tapu, and studied Chinese philosophy.^[2]^[3]^[5] In 1937, she wrote the feminist book Wages for Wives, which challenged the stereotypical views of working women in New Zealand.^[8] In the same year, she was one of 15 psychologists who provided references for Arthur Segal's application for a British work permit.^[9]

She died at Tapu near Thames on 17 April 1959,^[10] and was cremated at Purewa Cemetery on 20 April,^[11] although some accounts suggest she died in 1961.^[12]^[13]

References

1. ^{{Cite book|title=The Book of New Zealand Women|last=Macdonald|first=Charlotte|publisher=Bridget Williams Books|year=1991|isbn=|location=Wellington, New Zealand|pages=45–46}}
2. ^{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=aTp21_wDlXQC&dq=Mary+Barkas| title= Redbrick and Bluestockings: Women at Victoria, 1899–1993| last=Hughes| first=Beryl| publisher=Victoria University Press| page=21| date=January 1993| access-date=19 November 2016| isbn= 9780864732446}}
3. ^{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=7mqBPxwIkW8C&dq=Mary+Barkas| title= The History of Bethlem| last1=Andrews| first1=Jonathan| last2=Briggs| first2=Asa| last3= Porter| first3=Roy| last4= Tucker| first4= Penny| last5=Waddington| first5=Keir| publisher=Routledge| page=620| date=June 2013| access-date=19 November 2016| isbn= 9781136098529}}
4. ^{{cite journal| url=http://apy.sagepub.com/content/21/5/505.1.extract#| title=William Dawson at the Maudsley| journal=Australasian Psychiatry| volume=21| issue=5| page=505| date=October 2013| accessdate=19 November 2016| doi=10.1177/1039856213499621| pmid=24085718| last1=Kaplan| first1=Robert M.}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
5. ^¹{{cite journal| title= Mary Barkas: a New Zealand pioneer at the Maudsley| last=Kaplan| first= Robert M.| journal=Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine| volume= 34| issue= 3| pages= 205–208| date=1 March 2016| doi= 10.1017/ipm.2016.10}}
6. ^{{cite journal| title= ORGAN EXTRACTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHIATRY: HORMONAL TREATMENTS AT THE MAUDSLEY HOSPITAL 1923–1938|last1=Evans| first1=Bonnie| last2=Jones| first2=Edgar| pages=251–276| date=May 2012| pmc=3594693| pmid=22644956| doi=10.1002/jhbs.21548| volume=48|issue=3| journal=J Hist Behav Sci}}
7. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000332/19320422/114/0005#| title= Cost to Patients| work=Lincolnshire Echo| page=5| date=22 April 1932| accessdate=19 November 2016| via=British Newspaper Archive| subscription=y}}
8. ^{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=9dRD7JNEhksC&dq=Mary+Barkas+physician| title= The Vote, the Pill and the Demon Drink: A History of Feminist Writing in New Zealand, 1869–1993| last=Macdonald| first=Charlotte| publisher=Bridget Williams Books| pages=113–114| date=1993| access-date=19 November 2016| isbn= 9780908912407}}
9. ^{{cite web| url=http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/4174/3/WiltshireI13MPhil.pdf| type=pdf| title=Painting as Psychotherapy: Arthur Segal's Painting School for Professionals and Non-Professionals (1937–1944)| last=Wiltshire| first=Imogen| pages=1–2| date=January 2013| accessdate=19 November 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517035640/http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/4174/3/WiltshireI13MPhil.pdf| archive-date=17 May 2017| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all}}
10. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/home |title= Historical Records |publisher= Registrar-General |date= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.purewa.co.nz/view/?id=47746 |title= Purewa Cemetery |publisher= Purewa Cemetery }}
12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web| url= http://www.psychoanalytikerinnen.de/greatbritain_biographies.html#Barkas| title= Mary Barkas (1889–1959)| work=Psychoanalytikerinnen|accessdate=19 November 2016}}
13. ^¹²³{{cite web| url= http://natlib.govt.nz/items/23128812| title= Barkas, Frederick, 1854–1932 : Barkas family scrapbooks and papers favourite| last=Barkas| first=Frederick| via=National Library of New Zealand| date=1922–1932| accessdate=19 November 2016}}