| 词条 | Mary Cabot Wheelwright |
| 释义 |
| image = Frank Duveneck - Mary Cabot Wheelwright - Google Art Project.jpg |alt= young girl standing with blue sash. |caption = A portrait of Wheelwright at age four, painted by American artist Frank Duveneck |birth_date=October 22, 1878 |death_date=July 29, 1958 |occupation=anthropologist and museum founder }}Mary Cabot Wheelwright (October 22, 1878 – July 29, 1958) was an American anthropologist and museum founder. She established the museum which is now called Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, in 1937[1] along with Hosteen Klah.[2] Early life and familyWheelwright was born on October 22, 1878, the only child of Andrew Cunningham Wheelwright and Sarah ("Sadie")[3] Perkins Cabot Wheelwright.[4] She was raised in a wealthy household and the Cabot family was part of the Boston upper class.[4] Her family traced its ancestry to 18th-century merchants who had become wealthy through shipping.[3] Her great-grandfathers worked as commission agents and her maternal grandfather made his wealth through "slavery, sugar, and rum," also building China's first trading outpost, where he imported silks and opium.[5] Mary's mother, Sarah, was close friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson,[3] who often visited the family's home.[2] As a child, Wheelwright was raised in the tradition of the Transcendentalists and the Unitarian Church.[3] In 1882, at the age of four years old, she posed for a portrait by artist Frank Duveneck.[6] She was well-traveled, visiting Europe, Egypt, and California with her parents, who were "protective" and raised Wheelwright as how a friend described as "growing up in cotton wool."[3] For 40 years, Wheelwright remained the "dutiful Victorian daughter."[7] She devoted herself to "good works, particularly a settlement-house music school in the South End of Boston."[7] As the heiress of a family trust, she had significant income that would support her throughout her life but lacked control of the capital, which was intended to protect her from "fortune-hunting suitors" but made her unable to endow the museum she would later found as she wished.[7] Life and work in the American SouthwestAt age 40, after both her parents had died, Wheelwright journeyed to the American Southwest, where she "found and embraced a more primitive type of civilization, more adventuresome and more exciting than the safety of Boston."[4] In Alcalde, New Mexico, she stayed on a ranch.[4] In addition, she traveled to the Four Corners region and Navajo reservation.[4] There, she developed an interest in Navajo religion.[4] In 1921, Wheelwright was introduced to Hosteen Klah, a Navajo medicine man and singer, who was worried about preserving traditional Navajo religious practices.[4] The two developed a friendship and began working together to preserve Navajo religious practices, with Klah sharing details about Navajo ceremonies with Wheelwright, who recorded and translated them.[4] While at the time, there was a taboo in the Navajo community against replicating ceremonies, Klah's fear of the knowledge of his culture's traditions being lost led him to share the information with Wheelwright.[2] Throughout the next years, Wheelwright spent time traveling the world, living in the eastern United States, and living in Alcalde.[4] In 1940, she traveled to India In 1923, Wheelwright purchased the Los Luceros Ranch near Alcalde.[7] She befriended Maria Chabot, who managed the ranch for 20 years, and later gifted the ranch to Chabot.[8] In 1937, Wheelwright and Klah established the House of Navajo Religion in Santa Fe.[4] The name was later changed to the Museum of Navajo Ceremonial Art in 1939.[2] In 1977, it was renamed the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian.[4] Wheelwright wrote an autobiography, titled Journey Towards Understanding, in 1957.[2] Ultimately, it went unpublished during her lifetime.[2] An excerpt was published in A Quilt of Words: Women's Diaries, Letters & Original Accounts of Life in the Southwest, 1860–1960 in 1988.[2] In addition to traveling, Wheelwright enjoyed sailing.[2] She spent summers on the coast of Maine and lived alone for a time in a shipmaster's cottage on Sutton Island.[2] Later life and deathWheelwright continued to serve as director of the museum for the rest of her life.[4] She died on July 29, 1958[4] at the age of 79 in her home in Maine.[5] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/amsw/sw55.htm|title=Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian—American Southwest—A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary|website=www.nps.gov|access-date=2016-05-13}} {{portalbar|Massachusetts|New Mexico|Maine|Culture|Indigenous peoples of North America}}{{Authority control}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite book|title=A Quilt of Words: Women's Diaries, Letters & Original Accounts of Life in the Southwest, 1860–1960|last=Niederman|first=Sharon|publisher=Big Earth Publishing|year=1988|isbn=9781555660475|location=|pages=137–152}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=https://wheelwright.org/exhibitions/a-certain-fire-mary-cabot-wheelwright-collects-the-southwest/|title=» A Certain Fire: Mary Cabot Wheelwright Collects the Southwest|last=Inc.|first=Mindshare Studios,|website=wheelwright.org|access-date=2016-05-12}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{Cite web|url=http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6kj3prw|title=Wheelwright, Mary C.|website=socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu|access-date=2016-05-12}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.abqjournal.com/111973/treasures.html|title=Southwest Treasures|last=Writer|first=Kathaleen Roberts {{!}} Journal Staff|website=www.abqjournal.com|access-date=2016-05-13}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/498/Mary_Cabot_Wheelwright|title=Brooklyn Museum: American Art: Mary Cabot Wheelwright|website=www.brooklynmuseum.org|access-date=2016-05-13}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Dictionary of American Biography|last=Whitehill|first=Walter|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/15/us/maria-chabot-87-dies-began-indian-market-and-was-an-o-keeffe-associate.html|title=Maria Chabot, 87, Dies; Began Indian Market and Was an O'Keeffe Associate|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=2001-07-15|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-13}} BibliographyArchival collections
Primary works
Secondary works
Further reading
External links
8 : 1878 births|1958 deaths|American anthropologists|American art collectors|Museum founders|People from Boston|Women anthropologists|Writers from Massachusetts |
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