| 词条 | Mary Knight Benson |
| 释义 |
Mary Knight Benson and her husband William Ralganal Benson were a married Pomo couple who excelled in traditional basket making. Their work is highly collectible, renowned for the fine craftsmanship, and curated in major museums. Personal lifeMary Knight Benson (1877-1930){{sfn|Bibby|2012|p=106}} was born to Sarah Knight, a Central Pomo speaker and master basket weaver. The Pomo tribe were a group of indigenous people of California who traditionally resided in the coastal region of Northern California above San Francisco.{{sfn|Leibowitz|2004}} When she met William Benson, she was already a master basket maker herself.{{sfn|Bibby|2012|p=108}} William, a speaker of the Eastern Pomo language and also a master basket weaver was skilled in many other aspects of Pomo culture.{{sfn|Luthin|2002|p=261}} The couple lived most of their lives on Pomo tribal territory near Ukiah, California where William was an elder, band chief, and tribal historian.{{sfn|Leibowitz|2004}}{{sfn| KSTROM.net|2018}} As a couple, they became renowned for their basket making.{{sfn|Harney|1992}} Basketry reputation and recognitionThe Bensons may have been the first California Indians who supported themselves solely by crafting and selling their baskets to collectors and museums.{{sfn|Luthin|2002|p=262}} Beginning with the Spanish mission period on California, the Pomo, like other tribes, suffered drastic declines in population, severe cultural destruction, and the loss of homeland.{{sfn|Harney|1992}}{{sfn|Bacich|2018}} As such, they began working as laborers on farms and ranches that occupied their traditional lands.{{sfn|Harney|1992}} However, a market for genuine, traditional baskets opened in the 1880’s and lasted until the 1930's.{{sfn|Abel-Vidor|1996|p=20}} William and Mary Benson took advantage of this commercial opportunity. While Pomo men did not traditionally make the kind of fine baskets demanded by the market, William adapted his skill to the fine work done by women.{{sfn|Abel-Vidor|1996|p=20}} He was one of the few men who did so.{{sfn|Abel-Vidor|1996|p=20}} Mary developed her skills which grew to an astounding level and was noted for focusing on perfection.{{sfn|Bibby|2012|p=107}} She produced baskets that reflected her skillful weaving technique, astute material selection, remarkably straight lines, complicated diagonals, and complex patterns.{{sfn|Bibby|2012|p=106}} Mary and William enjoyed significant success in their artist career of weaving Pomo baskets. They traveled widely and developed relationships with collectors and art dealers.{{sfn|Bibby|2012|p=66}} The couple demonstrated their weaving skills at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Saint Louis in 1904. They had their own exhibit and jointly wove a basket that won the fair’s highest award.{{sfn|Luthin|2002|p=262}} Baskets made by William and his wife Mary are curated in museums such as the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of the American Indian, and the Field Museum of Natural History{{sfn|Leibowitz|2004}}{{sfn|Bibby|2012|p=107}} and are known as some of the finest ever woven.{{sfn|National Museum of the American Indian|2018}} FootnotesReferences{{refbegin|40em}}Books
| last1 = Abel-Vidor | first1 = Suzanne | last2 = Brovarney | first2 = Dot | last3 = Billy | first3 = Susan | year = 1996 | title = Remember Your Relations: The Elsie Allen Baskets, Family, and Friends | publisher = Heydey Books | location = Berkeley | isbn = 978-1-59714-169-7 | ref = harv }}
| last = Bibby | first = Brian | year = 2012 | title = Essential Art: Native Basketry from the California Indian Heritage Center | publisher = Heydey Books | location = Berkeley | isbn = 978-0-930588-80-9 | ref = harv
| last = Luthin | first = Herbert | year = 2002 | title = Surviving Through The Days | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley, Los Angeles, London | isbn = 978-0520222700 | ref = harv }}{{refend}} Websites{{refbegin|40em}}
| url = https://americanindian.si.edu/exhibitions/infinityofnations/california-greatbasin/242118.html | title = Infinity of Nations | year = 2018 | publisher = National Museum of the American Indian | accessdate = 16 December 2018 | ref = {{harvid|National Museum of the American Indian|2018}} }}
| last = Bacich | first = Damien | url = https://www.californiafrontier.net/mission-indians/#Coast_Miwok | title = Indians of the California Missions: Territories, Affiliations and Descendants | year = 2018 | website = Californiafrontier.net | publisher = The California Frontier Project | accessdate = 13 December 2018 | ref = harv }}
| last = Harney | first = Tom | url = https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/token-of-appreciation-180940700/ | title = Beauty of Pomo Indian Baskets Endures; Their Value Continues to Rise : Native culture: The weavers combined artistry with materials such as bird feathers and shells to create stunning works. The craft is still practiced. | year = 1992 | website = latimes.com | publisher = Los Angeles Times | accessdate = 16 December 2018 | ref = harv }}
| url = http://www.kstrom.net/isk/art/basket/pomohist.html | title = Pomo People: Brief History | year = 1997 | publisher = National Museum of the American Indian | accessdate = 16 December 2018 | ref = {{harvid|KSTROM.net|2018}} }}
| last = Leibowitz | first = Ed | url = https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/token-of-appreciation-180940700/ | title = Token of Appreciation: A grateful Pomo Indian's gift to a friend exemplifies the brightest form of Native American artistry | year = 2004 | website = Smithsonian.com | publisher = Smithsonian Magazine | accessdate = 13 December 2018 | ref = harv }}{{refend}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Benson, Mary Knight}} 7 : Native American basket weavers|Pomo people|20th-century American women artists|Native American women artists|Women basketweavers|1877 births|1930 deaths |
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