| 词条 | Mary Stuart Smith |
| 释义 |
| name = Mary Stuart Smith | embed = | honorific_prefix = | honorific_suffix = | image = Mary Stuart Smith (1834–1917).jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = At the Congress of Women in 1893 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1834|02|10}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date|1917|12|08}} | death_place = | resting_place = University of Virginia Cemetery | occupation = Author and Translator | language = | residence = | nationality = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = Prof. Francis H. Smith | signature = Mary Stuart Smith signature.jpg }} Mary Stuart Harrison Smith (1834–1917) was an American author, translator, and women's advocate. Her Virginia Cookery Book (1885) is one of the country's early modern cookbooks. In addition to other original works, she published over fifty translated compositions, primarily from the German to English. In 1893 Smith, a descendant of the Harrison family of Virginia, attended and spoke on behalf of Virginia women at the Chicago World's Congress, which was designed to highlight women's rights. In 1895 she was among other women invited by the Virginia governor to represent the Commonwealth's female workers at the Board of Women's convention at the International Exposition in Atlanta. Youth, education and family{{multiple image| direction=vertical | width= | footer= | width1=200 | height1= | image1=Univ. of Virginia Prof. Francis H. Smith.jpg | alt1= | caption1=Smith's husband, Francis H. Smith, U. Va. Prof. of Natural Philosophy | width2=200 | height2= | image2=Pavilion V, University of Virginia Lawn.jpg | alt2= | caption2=Pavilion V, Univ. of Va. Lawn—the Smiths’ residence for 69 years Smith was born at the University of Virginia on February 10, 1834. She was the second child of Professor Gessner Harrison, son of Dr. Peachy Harrison and Mary Stuart, and wife, Eliza Lewis Carter Tucker, daughter of Prof. George Tucker and Maria Ball Carter. Her education was provided by family and private tutors—her father taught Ancient Languages. She studied Latin, German, French, Italian, and Greek, and had great fondness for poetry. At age thirteen, when selected as Queen of the May by her contemporaries, she wrote her first poem for recital at her coronation.{{sfn|Willard|1893|p=669}} On July 31, 1853, she married Francis H. Smith (1829–1928), son of Daniel Grove Smith and Eleanor Buckey.{{efn|Francis Smith was born in Leesburg, Va., attended Leesburg Academy, graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Wesleyan College, and later received an M.A. degree at Univ. of Va. During the Civil War he served as Confederate Commissioner of Weights and Measures.{{sfn|Harrison|1935|p=555}}}} He was a Professor and Faculty Chairman at the University of Virginia and they made their 69-year residence on the lawn in Pavilion V there, provided by the university at no cost.{{sfn|Dabney|1981|page=14}} They had twelve children:
CareerOriginal worksAfter the American Civil War, Smith's nascent interest in writing began to flourish. A notable beginning was made with her Art of Housekeeping in 1878, which first appeared as a series of papers written for the New York Fashion Bazar. Of her original books, Heirs of the Kingdom was published in Nashville in 1880, for which a prize of $300 was awarded by a select committee.{{efn|Using the CPI, the 1880 prize of $300 had a cash equivalent in 2017 of about $6900.}} Smith's Virginia Cookery Book was one of the early modern efforts made of that genre in America, in 1885. In her preface, Smith provides her principal motivation for the book, as one of “expediency”, in light of “old domestic institutions being done away with” and “the danger that the composition of many an excellent dish may become forgotten lore.” She then gives reverence to her forebears in cookery, saying “Enough it will be for the Virginia Cookery Book to take its place on the housekeeper’s pantry-shelf alongside the similar works of Miss Leslie, Marian Harland, Mrs. Henderson, and Mrs. Hale…” Smith further emphasized the role of her book as “a memento of the past, as well as a help in the present, extolling Mary Randolph‘s Virginia Housewife (1824), of which there was then no authorized edition extant. Smith then reproduces the introduction to Randolph’s book, which was written for that lady by Smith's grandfather, Professor George Tucker. Smith's Lang Syne, or the Wards of Mt. Vernon was published on the occasion of the Washington Centennial, held in New York in April, 1887. Her series of Letters from a Lady in New York was published (date unknown) in the Religious Herald.{{sfn|Willard|1893|p=669}} TranslationsSmith was thought by eminent critics to have a special gift for translating German poetry, including her Chidhe in the Overland Monthly. These translations, for leading periodicals and publishing houses, form a long list. From Ernst Werner, she translated A Hero of the Pen, Hermann, Good Luck, What the Spring Brought, St. Michael, A Judgment of God and Beacon Lights. Her translations from other German writers were Lieschen, The Fairy of the Alps, The Bailiff's Maid, Gold Elsie, Old Ma'amselle's Secret, The Owl House, The Lady With the Rubies, Serapis, The Bride of the Nile, and Lace by Paul Lindau, and others. She also translated from the French, The Salon of Mine and Necker.{{sfn|Willard|1893|p=669}} Her work included books for children, also translations from the German, such as The Canary Bird and Other Stories, and Jack the Breton Boy. Other children's works were adaptations from the French, including How Lillie Spent Her Day, and Little May and Her Lost A.{{sfn|Willard|1893|p=669}} Review articlesSome of Smith's articles were in the form of reviews for the Southern Review, the Southern Methodist Quarterly and the Church Review. Among her best review articles were, Askaros Kassis Karis, Robert Emmet, Queen Louisa of Prussia, John of Barneveldt, What the Swallows Sang, The Women of the Revolution, The Women of the Southern Confederacy, Madame de Stael and Her Parents, The Necker Family, Madam Recamier, Mary and Martha Washington, and The Virginia Gentlewoman of the Olden Time. {{sfn|Willard|1893|p=669}}Finally, Smith made numerous contributions of practical articles in Harper's Bazar, as well as others in the American Agriculturist, Good Housekeeping, and other periodicals. Advocacy for womenSmith attended the Congress of Representative Women held at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The Congress focused on the political, social, and technical agendas of women, including suffrage, and was attended by luminaries such as Jane Addams, Bertha Palmer, Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony. Smith spoke on The Virginia Woman of Today, including an anecdote reflecting the admitted, but officially unacknowledged, ability of women in the fine arts:{{Quote|text="Mr. Ginter, one of Richmond's wealthiest citizens, sent an order to New York for two watercolor drawings...and the art dealer sent him two that were executed by Miss Williams of Mr. Ginter's own city. But, you observe, the New York seal was required upon this Southern work before its value was acknowledged at home. The failure to recognize and cherish the genius of her own artists and literary workers is one of the blots on Virginia's escutcheon. May it be the happy portion of the present generation to wipe out this reproach."{{sfn|Smith|1893}}{{efn|"Mr. Ginter" was Lewis Ginter, a legendary philanthropist of Richmond. Current research does not indicate the extent, if any, of Ginter's support of the Univ. of Va.—the Smiths' landlord and her husband's employer—Ginter did create the renowned Jefferson Hotel, named for the university's founder.}} }} Smith in her speech also reviewed the remarkable efforts of Dr. Orianna Moon as an example of indomitable feminine spirit—Dr. Moon of Scottsville, Va., became a pioneer for women seeking a career as a medical doctor. Smith concluded her remarks as follows: {{Quote|text=“Sisters of other states! Few experiences has the writer found more thrilling than to converse at this Congress with women of other lands and different training. ...Let the last word now spoken concerning Virginia women be a greeting on their part of warm good-will to those who preside over these Congresses, and to the genial, liberal women assembled here from all parts of the world.”{{sfn|Smith|1893}} }} The Fair ended with the tragic assassination of Chicago's Mayor, and Smith's distant cousin, Carter Harrison, Sr. {{Quote box|align=right |quote=The Ideal Wife (lyrics by M.S. Smith) Within doors greet The wife discreet, The mother fair, And full of care. She wisely guides, And firmly chides. Her sweet control Imbues the whole. Her daughter instructing, the boys she commands, And moves, without ceasing, her diligent hands. Economy and order more Increase the wealth laid up in store. She fills with stuffs, sweet scented chests, Her busy spinning wheel ne'er rests: And heaps the well scoured presses full Of snowy linen. glistening wool. The good and might she mingleth ever, And resteth never. }} In 1895 Smith was in a group commissioned by Virginia Governor Charles T. O’Ferrall to represent the Virginia Dept. of Woman–Workers at the Board of Women of the Cotton States International Exposition in Atlanta. The Virginia legislature was not then in session and, there being no funds available for the journey and stay in Atlanta, the women's group resolved to raise the funds by individually creating patriotic song lyrics for compilation and sale. Smith therefore served as editor in producing From Virginia to Georgia, A Tribute in Song by Virginia Women, that included three entries of her own, one of which, The Ideal Wife, is at margin.{{sfn|Smith|1895}} University of Virginia memorialThe University of Virginia church community remembers Smith positively. A stained glass window in the university's chapel is dedicated to her memory. Current research at hand does not otherwise document Smith's connection with the chapel. Record of the original funding and construction of the chapel, which coincide with Smith's lifelong campus residency, indicates the formation in 1883 of the Ladies Chapel Aid Society, prior to the laying of the chapel's cornerstone in 1885 and completion in 1889. The chapel's exhibit at the university's library indicates, “A chapel was finally built on the grounds in the 1880s after a successful campaign led by women dedicated to the spiritual needs of the University community.“ Library records further show total funds raised were about $36,000. Smith is interred in the university cemetery with her husband and family. Works
Notes{{notelist}}ReferencesBibliography
Attribution{{Source-attribution|F. E. Willard's A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (1893)}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Mary Stuart}} 9 : 1834 births|1917 deaths|19th-century American writers|20th-century American writers|American translators|19th-century American women writers|Women cookbook writers|20th-century American women writers|19th-century translators |
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