| 词条 | María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas |
| 释义 |
|name = Venerable María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1847|08|05}} |birth_place = Granada, Spain |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1940|12|10|1847|08|05}} |death_place = Granada, Spain |titles = Religious |venerated_in = Roman Catholic Church |attributes = Religious habit |patronage = Missionárias do Santíssimo Sacramento e Maria Imaculada |beatified_date = |beatified_place = |beatified_by = }} María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas (5 August 1847 - 10 December 1940) was a Spanish Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Missionárias do Santíssimo Sacramento e Maria Imaculada.[1][2][3] In her childhood she moved from place to place as her father was an officer and was moved to different barracks across the nation all the while she studied in boarding schools to perfect her knowledge in French and art.[3] It was after her schooling that she began to feel drawn to the religious life (based on a vision she experienced when she was seven) and set herself on entering a convent after her father (who opposed this vocation) died.[1][2][4] But ill health forced her to give up this idea and she instead founded an order of her own alongside several like-minded women who made the poor the focus of their apostolate.[2] This order would spread within Spain (such as in Barcelona in 1900) and later across to other countries such as Portugal and Bolivia. Riquelme's cause for beatification launched in Granada in 1982 and she became titled as a Servant of God. The cause later came to a decisive point on 14 December 2015 after Pope Francis named her as Venerable upon confirming that the late religious had practiced heroic virtue throughout her life. The same pope confirmed a miracle attributed to her intercession and she is scheduled to be beatified in Granada sometime in 2019.[1] LifeMaría Emilia Riquelme y Zayas was born on 5 August 1847 in the house of her maternal grandparents in Granada to the pious Joaquín Riquelme y Gómez (17.8.1812-02.1885; who became a cadet aged thirteen and was a strong patriot) and María Emilia Zayas Fernández de Córdoba y de la Vega (13.7.1815-28.6.1855); her parents married in 1846.[1][3] Her father was a distinguished officer who became a Lieutenant Colonel and was later promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. Riquelme's maternal ancestor was Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba who was known as "the Great Captain".[2] Her father was disappointed with her birth since he wanted his firstborn to be a son who would continue his name and would serve as a cadet but despite this came to love his daughter. Riquelme was baptized on 7 August in the Tabernacle parish (where her parents had married) as "María Emilia Joaquina Rosario Josefa Nieves de la Santísima Trinidad".[2] Her parents had a son in 1849 named Joaquín (known also as Joaquinillo) which caused his father great happiness but that child - who became an ensign - died in Seville when he was seventeen therefore leaving his father without an heir and a son in the armed forces. In 1851 her father was sent to Navarre so he bought his wife and daughter with him to live there.[2] Riquelme's mother died when she was seven and it was at that age that she experienced a vision of the Blessed Mother holding the Infant Jesus. It was because of that vision she experienced that she decided to devote herself to God and so consecrated herself to the Virgen del Carmen.[1][3] In 1859 she made a private vow to remain chaste. Riquelme had been the firstborn and her brother Joaquín followed in 1849. Her parents had a third child - Blanca Riquelme y Zayas - who was born in 1853 but died before Christmas in 1854. The couple then had their fourth child in 1854 who died not long after birth in Madrid. It was following the death of their pregnant mother (who died on 28 June 1855 in Granada due to an outbreak of cholera) that she and Joaquín moved in with their father in the home of their maternal grandparents.[3] On 5 August 1863 her father received an appointment to Madrid but Joaquín suffered from a chronic lung disease and so asked to be posted to the Canary Islands in the hope that his son would recover in a milder climate. But his condition worsened and so the three relocated to Seville where Joaquín died on 2 May 1866 (or 14 July 1865 as other sources suggest).[3][4] It was after this that her father was sent to La Coruña where he was posted during the 1868 Liberal Revolution that saw the dethronement of Isabella II. Her father sent her to Madrid to live with his sister Pepa while he was sent into exile in Lisbon in Portugal.[2] In her schooling she studied art and singing as well as piano lessons while she also studied languages such as French. Her schooling was spent at boarding schools in Seville and Madrid and she finished her education when she was fifteen at which stage she was an expert rider and could speak fluent French.[1][2] Riquelme lived in Pamplona and Tenerife when her father was moved to those two places and she also settled in La Coruña which was the last place her father was stationed at before he was exiled to Lisbon in Portugal. He sent his daughter to live with relatives in Madrid while he spent his exile in Lisbon. It was around this stage that her diplomat cousin Eduardo Díaz del Moral y Riquelme and others began acting as suitors in the hopes of being wed to her. But Riquelme's vocation was front and center during this time and she refused each request made to her. It was also around this stage that her spiritual director was Blessed Marcelo Spínola y Maestre (future cardinal) in Seville who advised her to associate with the Vincentians in their charitable works. On one occasion - when her father called her to Lisbon - she was involved in an automobile accident that left her unscathed and her father with cuts to his face.[2] During her adolescence she ended up confiding her vocation to her father who was opposed to it and so arranged social events for her to attend in a vain effort to distract her. But she ignored most of these events set out for her and instead would visit hospitals and aid the poor. Funds that she received she distributed to women to keep them from prostitution or to men who felt called to enter the priesthood (one of those being the future Archbishop of Madrid Leopoldo Eijo y Garay).[1] Riquelme's father died in February 1885 and so she tried entering into the religious life at a convent but was forced to give up on this due to a series of health issues.[2] It was following this that she constructed a small chapel at home with canonical approval and would spend her free time ministering to the poor. Her work with the poor soon attracted other like-minded women to her who wanted to join her and this became the basis for the religious congregation she would go on to found with them. Riquelme ended up establishing the Missionárias do Santíssimo Sacramento e Maria Imaculada in 1896. The Archbishop of Granada José Moreno y Mazón provided archdiocesan approval for the order in 1896 and from that point until her death she served as the order's first Superior General.[1] On 25 March 1896 (the official founding of her order) she and seven others received the religious habit from the archbishop while Riquelme would make her perpetual profession as a nun as she envisioned for herself.[4] In 1900 she opened the order's second house in Barcelona and around that time founded a school for poor girls in Granada. It was during the next decade that she would travel to Rome in order to obtain for the order the pontifical decree of praise and the official papal approval which she received from Pope Pius X in 1912. In 1936 the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War forced her to flee to France in order to escape the anti-religious sentiment and persecution. Riquelme returned to Spain after the conflict had ended. Riquelme died at the order's motherhouse in Granada on 10 December 1940. Her order would spread to countries across the globe such as Portugal and the United States of America.[1][3] Her remains were later exhumed and relocated in 2008. BeatificationThe beatification process commenced on 19 June 1982 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome titled Riquelme as a Servant of God and issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict for the cause to begin. The Archbishop of Granada José Méndez Asensio inaugurated the cognitional process (the official investigation into her life and reputation for holiness) on 11 May 1983 and closed it later on 28 April 1991. The documentation collected during this time was sent in sealed boxes to the C.C.S. offices where the C.C.S. later validated the process on 14 March 1992 as having complied with their regulations in conducting causes. The postulation (officials in charge of the cause) later drafted and submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials in 1996 for further investigation. The theologians assessed the Positio and approved the cause in their meeting on 18 May 2007. The C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members likewise met on 11 October 2011 but had to meet again on 1 December 2015 to further discuss it in which the members gave their approval to the cause. Riquelme became titled as Venerable on 14 December 2015 after Pope Francis signed a decree that acknowledged that Riquelme had practiced heroic virtue throughout her life.[1] Riquelme's beatification depended upon the papal confirmation of a single miracle attributed to her intercession which in most cases would be a healing that would neither have a medical or scientific explanation. Such a case was investigated in Colombia before it was sent to the C.C.S. who validated that investigation on 8 February 2008. Medical experts confirmed there was no possible scientific or medical explanation for the healing presented at their meeting on 30 January 2018 while theologians on 12 October 2018 determined that the healing came from the intercession of Riquelme. The C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members on 5 March 2019 confirmed the healing was indeed a miracle. Pope Francis signed a decree on 19 March 2019 that acknowledged the miracle and this allows for Riquelme to be beatified in Granada sometime in 2019.[1] The current postulator for this cause is Dr. Silvia Mónica Correale. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{citeweb|url=https://catholicsaints.info/venerable-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas/|title=Venerable María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=22 March 2019|accessdate=3 April 2019}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{citeweb|url=http://es.catholic.net/op/articulos/6104/cat/171/hna-maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas.html#modal|title=Hna. María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas|date=|publisher=Catholic.net|accessdate=3 April 2019|author=Alejandra Poza Peña}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{citeweb|url=http://missami.com.br/fundadora/biografia/|title=Biografia|date=|publisher=Missionárias do Santíssimo Sacramento e Maria Imaculada - Regional Santa Cruz|accessdate=3 April 2019}} 4. ^1 2 {{citeweb|url=http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/110364/maria-emilia-riquelme-y-zayas|title=María Emilia Riquelme y Zayas|publisher=Real Academia de la Historia|date=|accessdate=3 April 2019}} External links
22 : 1847 births|1940 deaths|19th-century Spanish people|19th-century Spanish women|19th-century Roman Catholics|19th-century venerated Christians|20th-century Spanish people|20th-century Spanish women|20th-century Roman Catholics|20th-century venerated Christians|Beatifications by Pope Francis|Founders of Catholic religious communities|People from Granada|Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns|Spanish female equestrians|Spanish nuns|Spanish people|Spanish Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns|Spanish women|Superiors General|Venerated Catholics by Pope Francis|Visions of Jesus and Mary |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。