| 词条 | Achatina achatina |
| 释义 |
| image = Giant tiger land snail (Achatina achatina).jpg | image_caption = Kakum National Park, Ghana | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_superfamilia= clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra | superfamilia = Achatinoidea | familia = Achatinidae | subfamilia = Achatininae | genus = Achatina | species = A. achatina | binomial = Achatina achatina | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms_ref= | synonyms= Bulla achatina Linnaeus, 1758 (original combination) }} Achatina achatina, common name the Giant Ghana African snail, also known as the Giant African snail and giant tiger land snail and gigantocochlea, is a species of very large, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. The name "Achatina" is from "achates", Greek for agate.[1] It shares the common name "giant African snail" with other species of snails such as Achatina fulica and Archachatina marginata. DistributionThe species is believed to be native to West Africa, within 160 to 300 kilometres of the coasts of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Togo, Benin, Ghana, and Nigeria. Achatina achatina is routinely confiscated by quarantine authorities at United States airports, especially Baltimore, Dulles, John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, and San Francisco.[2] These very large snails are kept as pets in the Western world, where owners prize their large size, distinctive markings, and rarity.[3]It is considered a potentially serious pest, an invasive species that could adversely affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. A related species of snail (Achatina fulica) has become established in some Caribbean islands, such as Barbados.[4] It has been suggested that these species be given top national quarantine significance in the United States.[4] Snails of the genus Achatina have already established themselves in the wild in Florida, where they are considered a pest.[5] DescriptionThe shells of these snails often grow to a length of {{convert|18|cm|inch}} with a diameter of {{convert|9|cm|inch}}. Certain examples have been surveyed in the wild at 30×15 cm, making them the largest extant land snail species known.[6][7] EcologyLike almost all pulmonate gastropods, these snails are hermaphrodites, having male and female sex organs. Each snail lays up to 1200 eggs per year. Achatina achatina is an important source of animal protein for West African forest-dwelling ethnic groups, and there is potential for commercial farming.[8] This species' substantial size and potential for rapid population growth can make the snail a serious pest when introduced to non-native ecosystems. The population size of this species can be curtailed through disease caused by the bacterium Aeromonas liquefaciens[9] but it often has no other natural enemies.[10] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arnobrosi.com/snails/etymology.html|title=arnobrosi.com|website=www.arnobrosi.com|accessdate=26 September 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312051553/http://www.arnobrosi.com/snails/etymology.html|archivedate=12 March 2012|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^{{ cite web |url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/gas/downloads/achatinaachatina.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708224422/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/gas/downloads/achatinaachatina.pdf |archivedate=8 July 2010 |df=dmy | format = pdf | title = Achatina achatina | publisher = USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Achatina achatina|url=http://www.petsnails.co.uk/species/achatina_achatina.html#start|publisher=PetSnails.co.uk|year=2005|accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071113032421/http://www.petsnails.co.uk/species/achatina_achatina.html#start| archivedate= 13 November 2007 | deadurl= no}} 4. ^{{ cite journal|author1=Cowie, R. H. |author2=Dillon, R. T. |author3=Robinson, D. G. |author4=Smith, J. W. |year=2009 |title=Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment |journal=American Malacological Bulletin |volume=27 |issue=1–2 |pages=113–132 |url=http://dillonr.people.cofc.edu/Cowie-et-al-2009.pdf |format=pdf |doi=10.4003/006.027.0210 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616175729/http://dillonr.people.cofc.edu/Cowie-et-al-2009.pdf |archivedate=16 June 2016 }} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/14/us-usa-florida-snails-idUSBRE93D05620130414 |title=Florida battles slimy invasion by giant snails |author=Barbara Liston |date=14 April 2013 |accessdate=2013-04-15 |publisher=Reuters |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415010908/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/14/us-usa-florida-snails-idUSBRE93D05620130414 |archivedate=15 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Woodward |first=Samuel Peckworth |date=1868 |title=Manual of the Mollusca: A Treatise on Recent and Fossil Shells |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jww5AAAAMAAJ |location= |publisher=Virtue& Company |page=97 |isbn= |accessdate= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521214625/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jww5AAAAMAAJ |archivedate=21 May 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 7. ^{{cite book |author = Institute for Scientific Co-operation |title = Animal Research and Development |date = 1988 |issue = 27–30 |publisher = Institute for Scientific Co-operation |issn = 0340-3165 |page = 68 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FGpFAQAAIAAJ |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603164559/https://books.google.com/books?id=FGpFAQAAIAAJ |archivedate = 3 June 2016 |df = dmy-all }} 8. ^{{ cite journal | author = Hodasi, J. K. M. | title = LIFE-HISTORY STUDIES OF ACHATINA (ACHATINA) ACHATINA (LINNÉ) | journal = Journal of Molluscan Studies | year = 1979 | volume = 45 | issue = 3 | pages = 328–339 | url = http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/45/3/328 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | first1 = W. W. | last1 = Dean |first2 = A. R. | last2 = Mead | first3 = W. T. | last3 = Northey | year = 1970 | title = Aeromonas liquefaciens in the giant African snail, Achatina fulica | journal = Journal of Invertebrate Pathology | publisher = Elsevier | pmid = 5501200 | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 346–351 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2011(70)90150-3 }} 10. ^{{cite book | title = Animal Research and Development | volume = 27–31 | lccn = 76647555 | issn = 0340-3165 | year = 1988 | author = Institut für Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Hochschulen der Entwicklungsländer (Tübingen, Germany) | publisher = Institute for Scientific Co-operation | page = 70 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=f55KAAAAYAAJ | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603150135/https://books.google.com/books?id=f55KAAAAYAAJ | archivedate = 3 June 2016 | df = dmy-all }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=f55KAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Achatina+achatina%22+%22natural+enemies%22 Snippet of page 70] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522041159/https://books.google.com/books?id=f55KAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Achatina+achatina%22+%22natural+enemies%22 |date=22 May 2016 }} External links
3 : Molluscs of Africa|Achatinidae|Gastropods described in 1758 |
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