| 词条 | Maulino forest |
| 释义 |
José San Martín and Claudio Donoso identify three forest subtypes:[1]
Maulino forest stand out for its high degree of endemism.[1][2] Fragmentation and degradationLarge swathes of former Maulino forest were cleared for agriculture. This led to significant soil erosion before the areas were planted with Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata.[1] Fragmentation by plantations have had limited or no apparent effect on the native fauna of understory birds (tapaculos)[3] and epigeic beetles.[2] It has been suggested the fragmentation by plantations do not have any major impact if the plantations contain an adequate understory.[2][3] However, the diversity of small mammals has been reduced by fragmentation.[4] By unit area the tree species richness is greater in small Maulino forest fragments than in the larger fragment protected in Los Queules National Reserve.[5] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last=San Martín |first=José |last2=Donoso |first2=Claudio|author-link2=Claudio Donoso |date=1995|editor-last=Armesto|editor-first=Juan J. |editor-last2=Villagrán|editor-first2=Carolina|editor-last3=Arroyo|editor-first3=Mary Kalin|editor-link2=Carolina Villagrán|editor-link3=Mary Kalin Arroyo |title=Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile|chapter=Estructura florística e impacto antrópico en el bosque Maulino de Chile|url= |location=Santiago de Chile |publisher=Editorial Universitaria |pages=153–167 |isbn=9561112841 |language=Spanish|trans-chapter=Floristic structure and human impact on the Maulino forest of Chile}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Grez |first1=Audrey A. |last2=Moreno |first2=Paloma|last3=Elgueta |first3=Mario |date=2003 |title=Coleópteros (Insecta: Coleoptera) epígeos asociados al bosque maulino y plantaciones de pino aledañas |url=http://www.insectachile.cl/rchen/pdfs/2003v29/Grez_et_al_2003.pdf |journal=Revista Chilena de Entomología |volume=29 |issue= |pages=9–18 |doi= |access-date=January 21, 2018|language=Spanish}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Vergara |first1=Pablo M. |last2=Simonetti |first2=Javier A.|date=2006 |title=Abundance and movement of understory birds in a Maulino forest fragmented by pine plantations |url=http://www.captura.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/6374/Vergara_Pablo.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Biodiversity & Conservation |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=3937–3947 |doi= |access-date= }} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Saavedra |first1=Bárbara |last2=Simonetti |first2=Javier A. |date=2007 |title=Small mammals of Maulino forest remnants, a vanishing ecosystem of south-central Chile |url= |journal=Mammalia |volume=69 |issue=3–4 |pages=337–348 |doi=10.1515/mamm.2005.027 |access-date= }} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Bustamante |first=Ramiro O.|author-last2=Simonetti|author-first2=Javier A.|author-last3=Grez|author-first3=Audrey A.|author-last4=San Martín|author-first4=José |date=2005 |title=Historia, biodiversidad y ecología de los bosques costeros de Chile |chapter=Fragmentación y dinámica de regeneración del bosque Maulino: diagnóstico actual y perspectivas futuras|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=C.|editor-last2=Armesto|editor-first2=J.|editor-last3=Valdovinos|editor-first3=C.|chapter-url=http://bdrnap.mma.gob.cl/recursos/SINIA/Biblio_AP/070316BIBLIORNAP_164.pdf |location= |publisher= |pages=529–539 |isbn= |author-link=|trans-chapter=Fragmentation and regeneration dynamics of the Maulino forest: present status and future prospects|language=Spanish}} 8 : Geography of Bío Bío Region|Geography of Maule Region|Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests|Ecoregions of Chile|Flora of Chile|Flora of southern South America|Ecoregions of South America|Neotropic ecoregions |
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