| 词条 | Mazaalai (satellite) |
| 释义 |
| name = Mazaalai | names_list = Bird MM NUMSAT-1 | image = File:Birds_Cubesat_Launch.jpg | image_caption = CubeSat launch | image_size = | mission_type = Technology demonstration Earth observation | operator = National University of Mongolia | COSPAR_ID = 1998-067MW | SATCAT = 42822 | website = | mission_duration = Elapsed: {{time interval|7 July 2017 08:51|show=md|sep=,}} | spacecraft_type = 1U CubeSat | manufacturer = | launch_mass = {{convert|1|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | dimensions = | power = | launch_date = {{start-date|3 June 2017, 21:07:38}} UTC[1] | launch_rocket = Falcon 9 FT, CRS-11 | launch_site = Kennedy LC-39A | launch_contractor = SpaceX | entered_service = 7 July 2017, 08:51 UTC | disposal_type = | decay_date = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_semimajor = {{convert|6778.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} | orbit_eccentricity = 0.0004318 | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|397.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|403.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} | orbit_inclination = 51.6402° | orbit_period = 92.57 minutes | orbit_epoch = 9 August 2017, 04:37:41 UTC[2] | apsis = gee }} Mazaalai ({{lang-mn|Мазаалай}}; {{IPA-mn|madz͡aːɮai|IPA}}), is a CubeSat that was launched into space on 3 June 2017 as part of the SpaceX CRS-11 mission. Released into space from the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer on the Kibō module of the International Space Station on 7 July 2017, Mazaalai is the first Mongolian satellite in space.[3] It has imaging capabilities and can transmit songs back to Earth, but its primary mission will involve performing experiments including GPS location, air density measurement, and investigation of cosmic radiation. BackgroundMazaalai is part of the Birds-1 constellation of satellites, built through the Joint Global Multi-Nation Birds Satellite at Japan's Kyushu Institute of Technology, a program intended to help universities in non-spacefaring countries get satellites into space.[3] The Birds-1 constellation also included satellites from Japan, Ghana, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Over a two-year period, three university students from each of the five participating countries learned skills to build, develop, launch and operate the satellites. All five satellites were identical to each other.[5] The satellites from Ghana (GhanaSat-1) and Bangladesh (BRAC Onnesha) were the first satellites in space for those countries.[5][4]MongolSat-1, which was launched in early 2017, is sometimes reported as Mongolia's first satellite, but that satellite was in fact launched by a Bermuda-based company, ABS. It was manufactured by U.S. company Boeing and was co-branded as MongolSat-1 after launch.[5]DesignMazaalai is named after the endangered Gobi bear, native to Mongolia.[3][6] It was designed and built by three young researchers of the National University of Mongolia, in collaboration with students from Ghana, Japan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.[7][8][9]The spacecraft is a 1U CubeSat with a mass of approximately {{convert|1|kg|lb}}.[14] It is equipped with 0.3 megapixel and 5 megapixel cameras, capable of taking images with {{convert|100|m|ft|adj=on}} resolution, and has sensors capable of measuring air density and space radiation. The satellite can also transmit songs and data at 437 MHz to Earth that have been uploaded to the satellite.[10] MissionLaunchMazaalai was sent to the International Space Station on 3 June 2017 as part of the SpaceX CRS-11 mission. The satellite was carried in a Dragon spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket, launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center Pad 39A. This was the 100th launch from Pad 39A and the first time SpaceX reused one of its Dragon capsules.[1] The satellite was released into orbit from the Japanese Kibō module of the ISS on 7 July 2017.[11] The satellite orbits the Earth at an altitude of approximately {{convert|400|km|mi}} and at an inclination of 51.6 degrees. The satellite travels around the Earth every 92 minutes at a velocity of {{convert|7.67|km/s|mph}}[12][9]OperationsThe satellite performs experiments including GPS location, air density measurements, and investigating cosmic radiation. The satellite transmits the national anthem of Mongolia to Earth.[11] The main purpose of the project for Mongolia was to develop more accurate maps, help mitigate natural disasters, and conduct independent space studies.[3] The project was supported by Mongolian Emergency Organization of Government and National University of Mongolia as part of the Joint Global Multi-Nation BIRDS Satellite project of Kyushu Institute of Technology, an international interdisciplinary project for non-space faring countries supported by Japan.[3] The satellite communicates with seven ground stations: one in each of the countries participating in the Birds-1 program, and one each in Thailand and Taiwan.[14] Future workA second satellite launch in 2019 is being planned by the Mazaalai team members.[6][4] Japan's work with non-spacefaring countries will continue with Birds-2 in 2018 with the Philippines, Bhutan, and Malaysia.[13] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/06/03/reused-dragon-cargo-capsule-launched-on-journey-to-space-station/ |title=Reused Dragon cargo capsule launched on journey to space station |last1=Clark |first1=Stephen |work=Spaceflight Now |date=3 June 2017 |accessdate=24 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604054222/https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/06/03/reused-dragon-cargo-capsule-launched-on-journey-to-space-station/ |archivedate=4 June 2017 |deadurl=no}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=42822 |title=Bird MM - Orbit |work=Heavens-Above |date=9 August 2017 |accessdate=9 August 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/mongolia-to-send-first-satellite-off-to-space-on-june-4/ |title=Mongolia to send first satellite off to space on June 4 |work=News Ghana |date=5 June 2017 |accessdate=8 July 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/155275 |title=Mongolia to launch first satellite in 2017 |work=GoGo Mongolia |agency=Montsame |date=6 October 2016 |accessdate=13 July 2017}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2017/04/19/abs-co-brands-abs-2a-capacity-mongolsat-1/ |title=ABS Co-Brands ABS 2A Capacity as MongolSat 1 |work=Via Satellite |last=Russell |first=Kendall |date=19 April 2017}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/mongolia-launches-its-first-satellite-to-space-4687089/ |title=Mongolia to send its first satellite to space on June 4 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 June 2017 |accessdate=8 July 2017}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.newsnation.in/science-news/mongolia-to-launch-its-first-satellite-named-mazaalai-on-june-4-article-173042.html |title=Mazaalai: Mongolia's first satellite will be off to space along with SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on June 4 |work=News Nation |agency=National News Bureau |date=3 June 2017 |accessdate=13 July 2017}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/04/c_136339158.htm |title=Mongolia's first university satellite flies into space from U.S. |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=4 June 2017 |accessdate=12 February 2018}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/ghanasat-1 |title=Ghanaian Engineers Launch Ghanasat-1, Join Space Race |agency=Face2Face Africa |first=Mark |last=Babatunde |date=11 July 2017 |accessdate=24 July 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://montsame.mn/en/read/10350 |title=First Mongolian Satellite Launched Into Space |agency=Montsame |date=5 June 2017 |accessdate=12 February 2018}} 11. ^1 {{cite news |title=Mongolia First Satellite Starts Operations in Space |url=http://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=15289&SEO=mongolia-first-satellite-starts-operations-in-space |accessdate=8 July 2017 |work=Prensa Latina – Agencia Latinoamericana de Noticias |language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708013728/http://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=15289&SEO=mongolia-first-satellite-starts-operations-in-space|archive-date=July 8, 2017|dead-url=yes}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/science/president-akufo-addo-congratulates-all-nations-university-for-ghanasat-1-satellite-119346 |title=President Akufo-Addo congratulates All Nations University for Ghanasat-1 Satellite |agency=Ghana News Agency |date=7 July 2017}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/bird.htm |title=Bird B, BTN, G, J, M, MYS, N, PHL (BRAC Onnesha, GhanaSat 1, Toki, Mazaalai, Nigeria EduSat 1) |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=24 July 2017}} External links
10 : 2017 in Mongolia|Artificial satellites orbiting Earth|CubeSats|First artificial satellite of a country|Science and technology in Mongolia|National University of Mongolia|Spacecraft launched in 2017|Spacecraft launched by Falcon rockets|Student satellites|Satellites deployed from the International Space Station |
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