| 词条 | Meade Esposito |
| 释义 |
|name = Meade Esposito |image = meade_esposito.jpg |caption = Photo of Meade Esposito by Ken Regan |office = |predecessor = |successor = |order = |term_start = |term_end = |birth_name = Amadeo Henry Esposito |birth_date = {{birth year|1907}} |birth_place = Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and given age|1993|09|03|86}} |death_place = Manhasset, New York, U.S. |death_cause = |spouse = |children = 1 |alma_mater = |profession = Brooklyn Democratic leader |religion = |party = Democrat |residence = |resting_place = |parents = }}Amadeo Henry "Meade" Esposito (1907 – September 3, 1993) was an American politician who was a Brooklyn Democratic leader and political boss. Esposito served as leader of the Kings County Democratic Committee from 1969 to 1984. As a leader, he was known as a political fixer, and honored loyalty, running a system involving gratuity exchanges ultimately resulting in multiple municipal corruption scandals. Critics called him a "medieval king holding court with his barons by sections of the press".[1] In 1983, investigations into his activities mounted. Esposito retired in January 1984. Three years later, he was convicted in the Brooklyn Federal District Court of bribery having given Representative Mario Biaggi of the Bronx a spa vacation to Florida.[2] Esposito was respected and feared for his street style management, intimidation tactics and criminal connections running politics similar to a junket.[3] Early lifeAmadeo "Meade" Esposito was born in the subsection of Ocean Hill, Brooklyn (alternatively characterized as part of Bedford-Stuyvesant or Brownsville) in 1907.[4] He was the son of Giuseppe and Felicia Esposito. His grandfather came to America from Italy in 1885. His father followed his grandfather in 1900 and arrived in America at the age of 18. Giuseppe became a saloon owner. Meade lived with his two sisters above the saloon. Meade claimed to have been working since he was child.[5] Esposito grew up in Brownsville (then a predominately Jewish neighborhood with smaller Irish and Italian populations) and received his nickname "Meade" during elementary school. He went to Manual Training High School, now known as the John Jay Educational Campus, but dropped out at the age of 14. He married at the age of 18 and became a father by 19.[5] PoliticsAfter dropping out of high school, Esposito found employment at an insurance business operated by Jim Powers, a former United States Marshal and local Democratic leader. There, Esposito met Hyman Schorenstein, another Brooklyn Democratic leader who went on to secure the presidential nomination for Al Smith at the party's 1928 Democratic National Convention. Schorenstein's blunt, transactional management style would profoundly influence Esposito. At the age of 18, Esposito "got a couple of dozen of the guys together" and started the Progressive Democratic Club on Fulton Street. During the Great Depression, he worked as a beer salesman and bail bondsman. He met many of his future connections through his bondsman business. Esposito cultivated ethnic and community ties that encouraged more Italian Americans to move into politics. He launched the career of Abe Stark (who served as New York City Council President from 1954 to 1961 and Borough President of Brooklyn from 1962 to 1970) and assisted in electing longtime New York State Assembly member Alfred Lama (best known for co-founding the Mitchell-Lama Housing Program). In 1958, Esposito ran for district leader and co‐leader in Canarsie with Shirley Weiner. They narrowly lost; however, Esposito's surreptitious influence continued to grow.[5] Throughout the 1960s, Esposito personally selected many judges and politicians in Brooklyn. In 1969, he became chairman of the Kings County Democratic Committee. Robert F. Wagner Jr. called him a "new breed of party leader". Herman Badillo, whom Esposito did not support, called him "an old-line boss". Esposito's connections with known American Mafia members was common knowledge. He grew up with Mafia associates and bailed many of them out during his years as a bail bondsman. In 1972, during a federal investigation into the Lucchese crime family, Esposito's name was frequently mentioned in a bugged juckyard trailer used as an office by Paul Vario.[6] Politicians traded favors and gifts with Esposito for political influence and positions. By 1983, investigations into his activities were growing. Despite claiming he would never retire, Esposito left his position as leader of the Kings County Democratic Committee in January 1984, leaving the position to incumbent Brooklyn Borough President Howard Golden.[3] Nevertheless, Esposito continued to retain tremendous "behind-the-scenes" influence in the Brooklyn political machine after his retirement. In fall 1985, during an FBI investigation into the Genovese crime family, Esposito was heard speaking with gangster Federico "Fritzy" Giovanelli. This led to a direct wiretap of Esposito's phone.[7] Later in 1985, Esposito was recorded speaking with Bronx Rep. Mario Biaggi, claiming to have "made" 42 judges in Brooklyn. Esposito was found to be involved in bribery with Biaggi, having given him a Florida vacation in return for government assistance in a financially troubled drydock firm that owed Esposito's insurance company $280,000. Esposito was found guilty in 1988, put on probation, sentenced to community service and fined $500,000. Biaggi was sent to jail and lost his seat in Congress. In 1989, Esposito faced additional charges of bribery and tax fraud; however a federal judge determined Esposito was too sick and elderly to maintain a proper defense.[8] Personal lifeEsposito was known for his "blunt, warm and earthy" nature.[5] He frequently smoked cigars and kept a baseball bat under his desk to symbolically enforce power.[9] Current President of the United States, Donald Trump, respected Esposito and his management style.[10] Esposito had a daughter, Phyllis.[2] DeathEsposito was battling bladder and lung cancer. He died of a blood infection at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset on September 3, 1993.[8] References1. ^{{cite book|author=Ross Wilson|title=The Language of the Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnmcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|date=14 July 2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4742-4678-1|pages=141–}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Meade Esposito, 86, Former Power in Politics, Is Dead| author = Lyons, Richard D.| work = The New York Times| date = 4 September 1993| accessdate = 2018-03-08| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/04/obituaries/meade-esposito-86-former-power-in-politics-is-dead.html}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author=New York Media, LLC|title=New York Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-UCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA36|date=20 February 1984|publisher=New York Media, LLC|pages=36–|id=00287369}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Marc Eliot|title=Song of Brooklyn: An Oral History of America's Favorite Borough|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2v6GAAAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Broadway Books|isbn=978-0-7679-2014-8}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web| title = ‘Hi, boss,’ said the judge to Meade Esposito| last = Hertzberg | first = Hendrik| work = nytimes.com| date = 10 December 1972| accessdate = 2018-03-10| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/10/archives/-hi-boss-said-the-judge-to-meade-esposito-the-powerful-kings-county.html}} 6. ^{{Cite web| title = The Hidden Web of New York's Political Mob Connections| author = Pileggi, Nicholas| work = New York Magazine| date = 1986-05-05| accessdate = 2018-03-10| url = http://nymag.com/news/features/crime/46610/index1.html}} 7. ^{{Cite web| title = INVESTIGATORS SAY F.B.I. TAPED ESPOSITO WITH A CRIME FIGURE| author = Raab, Selwyn| work = nytimes.com| date = 18 March 1987| accessdate = 2018-03-10| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/18/nyregion/investigators-say-fbi-taped-esposito-with-a-crime-figure.html}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web| title = MEADE ESPOSITO, 86, DIES| work = Washington Post| date = 1993-09-05| accessdate = 2018-03-10| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1993/09/05/meade-esposito-86-dies/2963b0d8-ccf6-48ba-b42f-78c954126a81/}} 9. ^{{Cite web| title = THE PRIVATE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR| author = Kurtz, Howard| work = Washington Post| date = 1987-10-27| accessdate = 2018-03-11| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1987/10/27/the-private-public-prosecutor/543dcb63-ce18-417e-99b6-acb154b6b921/}} 10. ^{{Cite web| title = Inside Trump’s Hour-by-Hour Battle for Self-Preservation| last = Haberman | first = Maggie| last2 = Thrush | first2 = Glenn| last3 = Baker | first3 = Peter| work = nytimes.com| date = 9 December 2017| accessdate = 2018-03-10| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/09/us/politics/donald-trump-president.html}} Further reading{{refbegin}}
8 : New York (state) Democrats|Politicians from Brooklyn|American political bosses from New York (state)|American people of Italian descent|Politicians of Italian descent|1907 births|1993 deaths|20th-century American politicians |
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