| 词条 | Medo-Babylonian war against the Assyrian Empire |
| 释义 |
| conflict = Medo-Babylonian war against the Assyrian Empire | date = 626–609 BC | place = Middle East | result = Decisive Medo-Babylonian victory End of Assyria as an independent state[1] | combatant1 = Medes Babylonians | combatant2 = Assyrians Egypt | commander1 = Cyaxares Nabopolassar | commander2 = Sinsharishkun Ashur-uballit II Necho II | strength1 = Unknown | strength2 = Unknown | campaignbox = }} The Medo-Babylonian war against the Assyrian Empire was the last war fought by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The war ultimately led to the destruction of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. BackgroundIn the first half of the seventh century BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire was at the height of its power, the entire Fertile Crescent was under its control and the Assyrians had established an allied dynasty in Egypt. However, when Assurbanipal died in 627 BCE, his son Ashur-etil-ilani became briefly king before being killed during a revolt, probably launched by his brother, Sin-shar-ishkun. The latter then became king of Assyria, but Babylonia's governor, Nabopolassar proclaimed himself king of Babylonia. From 626/625 BCE, Sin-shar-ishkun engaged in a war to make Babylonia come back under his rule. The warThe Assyrians quickly conquered Uruk but lost it again.[2] The Babylonians defeated the Assyrians at the Battle of Nippur.[3] The Babylonians were also victorious during the Battle of Arrapha in 616 BC. The Medes, under the command of Cyaxares, also invaded the Assyrian Empire, defeating the Assyrians in 615 BC at the Battle of Tarbisu and again in 614 BC at the Battle of Assur; Assur was sacked after it fell. The Medes and Babylonians joined their forces to besiege Nineveh. In 612 BC, after three months of battle, the city was taken by the allied forces and Sin-shar-ishkun was killed during the battle. The Medes played the major part in the city's downfall.[4] Ashur-uballit II, the new king of Assyria, took Harran as his capital and tried to repel the invaders with the help of Egypt, but he was defeated and Harran fell.[5] Assur-uballit II and the Egyptians launched an offensive to reconquer Harran, but this attempt failed. Assyria then ceased to exist as an independent state, never to rise again.[6] After the fall of Assyria, Egypt and Babylonia engaged in a struggle to control the Fertile Crescent.[7]References1. ^[https://books.google.fr/books?id=bTyeXEicBfkC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=fall+of+harran+medes&source=bl&ots=Qw13icI12N&sig=OiJSyuwZBQf7qKvpCATNGx__IR0&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0jNCI3NbaAhVBsxQKHS3UD9U4ChDoAQhYMAc#v=onepage&q=fall%20of%20harran%20medes&f=false/ Oxford Bible Atlas] "Ashuruballit assumed control over what remained of Assyria in Haran, but Haran too was captured by the Medes and the Babylonians in 610 and the might of Assyria was ended" 2. ^John Boardman, The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other states of the Near East, from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., Volume 3, Cambridge University Press (1991), p. 62. 3. ^John Boardman, The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other states of the Near East, from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., Volume 3, Cambridge University Press (1991), p. 61. 4. ^Encyclopedia Iranica "Finally, after three months of siege, in August of 612, the joined forces of the Medes and Babylonians stormed Nineveh, the Assyrian capital, and took it. The major part in the city’s downfall was played by the Medes." 5. ^Bertman, Stephen (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York: Oxford UP. p. 80. 6. ^[https://books.google.fr/books?id=1FxzDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=assur-uballit+II+failed+attempt+harran&source=bl&ots=HgHL3HIlQC&sig=H09mHvMzPCRKY8Ky8pbYjVCtXCw&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcuoK0qvzaAhXLPxQKHRX3A0UQ6AEIZDAH#v=onepage&q=assur-uballit%20II%20failed%20attempt%20harran&f=false/ A Companion to Assyria] : page 192 7. ^[https://books.google.fr/books?id=78nRWgb-rp8C&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=fall+of+nimrud+medes&source=bl&ots=GXv9WjYvo5&sig=TrdBe6iJy6DgKZ-D3XfEfi2oues&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifm5eU1dbaAhUQYVAKHSobBbcQ6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=fall%20of%20nimrud%20medes&f=false/ The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah Under Babylonian Rule] : Page 20 5 : 7th-century BC conflicts|Military history of the Assyrian Empire|Battles involving the Medes|Battles involving Assyria|Battles involving Babylonia |
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