| 词条 | Melech Ravitch |
| 释义 |
| name = Melech Ravitch | image = File:Di Chaliastre Mendel Elkin Perec Hirszbajn Uri Cwi Grinberg Perec Markisz Melech Rawicz Izrael Jehoszua Singer 1922.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_upright = | caption = Melech Ravitch (second from right), with Mendl Elkin, Peretz Hirschbein, Uri Zvi Greenberg, Peretz Markish and I. J. Singer in 1922. | native_name = מלך ראַוויטש | native_name_lang = yi | birth_name = Zechariah Choneh Bergner | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1893|11|27}} | birth_place = Redem, Galicia, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1976|08|20|1893|11|27}} | death_place = Montreal, Quebec, Canada | resting_place = | occupation = Writer, literary scholar, poet, historian of literature | language = Yiddish | residence = | nationality = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | home_town = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = Di Lider fun mayne lider ('The Poems of My Poems', 1954) | spouse = Fanya Hartstein | children = Yosl Bergner (son) | relatives = Herz Bergner (brother) | years_active = }} Zechariah Choneh Bergner ({{Lang-yi|זכריה חנא בערגנער}}) (27 November 1893 – 20 August 1976), better known by his pen name Melech Ravitch ({{Lang-yi|מלך ראַוויטש}}), was a Canadian Yiddish poet and essayist. Ravitch was one of the world's leading Yiddish literary figures after the Holocaust. His poetry and essays appeared in the international Yiddish press and in anthologies, as well as in translation.[1] LifeEarly life and publicationsBergner was born in 1893 to Efrayim and Hinde Bergner in Redem, Eastern Galicia. Leaving home at age 14, he served in the Austrian army in World War I and lived in Lemberg and Vienna. Emboldened by the 1908 Czernowitz Language Conference, he became involved in the Yiddishist movement and began writing poetry.[2] His earliest poetry appeared in Der yidisher arbeyter in 1910. Other work of the period included the 1912 collection Oyf der shvel (On the Threshold) and 1918's Spinoza.[3] From the early 1920s he was an active contributor of poems and essays to major Yiddish periodicals, under the name Melech Ravitch. Moving to Warsaw in 1921, he belonged to Di Khalyastre ("The Gang"), a modernist literary group which included Uri Zvi Greenberg and Peretz Markish.[4] He was a co-founder of the Yiddish literary journal Literarishe bleter and served as secretary of the Yiddish Writers' Union, which then included Sholem Asch, Isaac Bashevis Singer, and I. J. Singer.[5] Life in Australia and CanadaRavitch visited Australia in 1933 to investigate the feasibility of the Kimberley Plan, and moved there in 1935.[6][7] After 1938, he moved to Argentina, Mexico, New York City, and Israel, before settling in Montreal, where he lived until his death.{{r|encj}} He briefly served as head of the Jewish Public Library and revived the Yidishe Folks-Universitet (Jewish People's Popular University), which he ran from 1941 to 1954.{{r|encj}} Works
References{{commons category|Melech Rawicz}}1. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ravitch, Melech|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica|access-date=9 November 2018|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ravitch-melech|first1=Sol|last1=Liptzin|first2=Jerold C.|last2=Frakes|first3=Rebecca|last3=Margolis|edition=2nd|year=2007|publisher=Thomson Gale}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravitch, Melech}}2. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Novershtern|first=Avraham|title=Ravitch, Melech|encyclopedia=YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe|date=16 November 2010|access-date=9 November 2018|url=http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Ravitch_Melech}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://imjm.ca/location/1084|title=Melech Ravitch|website=Museum of Jewish Montreal|first=Richard|last=Kreitner|access-date=9 November 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Yiddish Poets & Writers: Melech Ravitch|first=Perry J.|last=Greenbaum|website=Perry J. Greenbaum|url=https://perryjgreenbaum.blogspot.com/2017/10/yiddish-poets-writers-melech-ravitch.html|date=11 October 2017|access-date=9 November 2018}} 5. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Cammy|first=Justin D.|title=Hinde Bergner|encyclopedia=Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia|date=1 March 2009|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|access-date=9 November 2018|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/bergner-hinde}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Rovner|first=Adam|title=In the Shadow of Zion: Promised Lands Before Israel|location=New York|publisher=New York University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4798-0457-3|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/36061|pages=149–156}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=Yosl Bergner: Art as a Meeting of Cultures|first=Frank|last=Klepner|publisher=Macmillan Education|year=2004|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=YbX50uDCkosC|page=46}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=מלך ראַוויטש ביבליאָגראַפיע|trans-title=Melech Ravitch Bibliography|series=Steven Spielberg Digital Yiddish Library|first=Ephim H.|last=Jeshurin|lang=yi|date=1954|publisher=National Yiddish Book Center|location=Amherst, Massachusetts|url=https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/collections/yiddish-books/spb-nybc203156/jeshurin-ephim-h-ostreger-melekh-ravitsh-bibliografye-melech-ravitch-bibliography}} 11 : 1893 births|1976 deaths|Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent|Canadian publishers (people)|Jewish Canadian writers|Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Polish emigrants to Canada|Writers from Montreal|Yiddish culture in Canada|Yiddish-language journalists|Yiddish-language poets |
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