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词条 Melina Schuh
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career

  3. Awards

  4. References

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Melina Schuh
| birth_place = Germany
| residence = Germany
| alma_mater = EMBL Heidelberg, University of Bayreuth
| thesis_title =
| awards = EMBO Gold Medal}}Melina Schuh is a German molecular biologist. She is known for her work on meiosis in human egg cells, and for her studies on the mechanisms that lead to Down syndrome.[1]

Early life and education

Schuh was born in 1980 in Germany and grew up in Bad Pyrmont[2]. She received a diploma degree in biochemistry from the University of Bayreuth, Germany. She went on to do her PhD with Jan Ellenberg at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, where she used live cell imaging to study the organization of the spindle in mouse oocytes.[2][3][4]

Career

In 2009, Schuh became a group leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK.[5] Her work centers around the process of asymmetric oocyte division, in which oocytes mature into eggs by extruding half of their chromosomes in a small cell termed the polar body[6][7]. This requires the spindle apparatus in these cells to be asymmetric. She discovered a role for proteins that control actin nucleation in the positioning of the spindle[8]. In studying how actin helps position the spindle, she discovered that vesicles carrying specific signals can change the organization and density of actin networks[9].

Errors in oocyte division can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Working with Bourn Hall Clinic, the clinic that first pioneered IVF, Schuh studied human oocyte divisions directly, instead of using mouse oocytes as a model system. She found that human oocytes have a surprisingly slow and error-prone mechanism for assembling the meiotic spindle[10], increasing the likelihood of segregation errors. She has also investigated the reasons why the children of older mothers have a higher rate of pregnancy loss and Down syndrome, finding that oocytes from older mothers have a higher frequency of errors in pairing between sister chromatids[11]. Schuh has shown that actin filaments normally protect mammalian eggs against this type of error[12].

Schuh has been a director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry since 2016.


Awards

  • 2012: EMBO Young Investigator[13]
  • 2013 : ERC Starting Grant[14]
  • 2014 : Lister Institute Research Prize[15]
  • 2014 : Biochemical Society Early Career Award [16]
  • 2015 :John Kendrew Young Scientist Award [17]
  • 2018 : EMBO Gold Medal[18]
  • 2019: Colworth Medal, Biochemical Society [19]
  • 2019: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize[20]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.embo.org/news/press-releases/2018/embo-gold-medal-2018-awarded-to-marek-basler-and-melina-schuh|title=EMBO Gold Medal 2018 awarded to Marek Basler and Melina Schuh|website=Embo.org}}
2. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Sedwick|first=Caitlin|date=2014-03-31|title=Melina Schuh: First comes the egg|journal=J Cell Biol|language=en|volume=204|issue=7|pages=1080–1081|doi=10.1083/jcb.2047pi|issn=0021-9525|pmid=24687276|pmc=3971742}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Schuh|first=Melina|last2=Ellenberg|first2=Jan|date=2007-08-10|title=Self-organization of MTOCs replaces centrosome function during acentrosomal spindle assembly in live mouse oocytes|journal=Cell|volume=130|issue=3|pages=484–498|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.025|issn=0092-8674|pmid=17693257}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Schuh|first=Melina|last2=Ellenberg|first2=Jan|date=2008-12-23|title=A new model for asymmetric spindle positioning in mouse oocytes|journal=Current Biology|volume=18|issue=24|pages=1986–1992|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.022|issn=1879-0445|pmid=19062278}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/16318003/MelinaSchuh_CV_Aug_2018.pdf|title=Melina Schuh : CV|date=August 2018|website=Mpibpc.mpg.de|accessdate=22 February 2019}}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=Cell scientist to watch – Melina Schuh|last=Journal of Cell Science|journal=Journal of Cell Science|volume=129|pages=7–8|doi=10.1242/jcs.182717|year=2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.academia-net.org/profil/dr-melina-schuh/1187860|title=Dr. Melina Schuh|website=Academia-net.org}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pfender|first=Sybille|last2=Kuznetsov|first2=Vitaliy|last3=Pleiser|first3=Sandra|last4=Kerkhoff|first4=Eugen|last5=Schuh|first5=Melina|date=2011-06-07|title=Spire-type actin nucleators cooperate with Formin-2 to drive asymmetric oocyte division|journal=Current Biology|volume=21|issue=11|pages=955–960|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.04.029|issn=1879-0445|pmc=3128265|pmid=21620703}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Holubcová|first=Zuzana|last2=Howard|first2=Gillian|last3=Schuh|first3=Melina|date=2013|title=Vesicles modulate an actin network for asymmetric spindle positioning|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=15|issue=8|pages=937–947|doi=10.1038/ncb2802|issn=1476-4679|pmc=3797517|pmid=23873150}}
10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Holubcova|first=Z.|last2=Blayney|first2=M.|last3=Elder|first3=K.|last4=Schuh|first4=M.|date=2015-06-05|title=Error-prone chromosome-mediated spindle assembly favors chromosome segregation defects in human oocytes|journal=Science|language=en|volume=348|issue=6239|pages=1143–1147|doi=10.1126/science.aaa9529|issn=0036-8075|pmc=4477045|pmid=26045437}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Zielinska|first=Agata P.|last2=Holubcova|first2=Zuzana|last3=Blayney|first3=Martyn|last4=Elder|first4=Kay|last5=Schuh|first5=Melina|date=2015-12-15|title=Sister kinetochore splitting and precocious disintegration of bivalents could explain the maternal age effect|journal=eLife|volume=4|pages=e11389|doi=10.7554/eLife.11389|issn=2050-084X|pmc=4755749|pmid=26670547}}
12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mogessie|first=Binyam|last2=Schuh|first2=Melina|date=2017|title=Actin protects mammalian eggs against chromosome segregation errors|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|volume=357|issue=6353|pages=eaal1647|doi=10.1126/science.aal1647|issn=1095-9203|pmid=28839045}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.embo.org/news/press-releases/2012/22-young-group-leaders-recognized-as-embo-young-investigators|title=22 young group leaders recognized as EMBO Young Investigators|website=Embo.org}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://erc.europa.eu/news/erc-grantee-wins-embo-gold-medal|title=ERC grantee wins EMBO gold medal|website=Erc.europa.eu|date=2018-05-16}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/melina-schuh-and-m-madan-babu-awarded-lister-research-prizes/|title=Melina Schuh and M. Madan Babu awarded Lister Research Prizes|website=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|date=2014-09-03}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biochemistry.org/Awards/EarlyCareerResearchAwards/PastwinnersoftheEarlyCareerResearchAwards.aspx|title=Past winners of an Early Career Research Award|website=Biochemistry.org}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.embl.de/aboutus/alumni/alumni-awards/01_jka/#anchor_06_list_of_winners|title=List of winners|website=Embl.de}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.embl.fr/aboutus/alumni/news/news_2018/20180516_melina_embo/|title=EMBO Gold Medal 2018 awarded to Marek Basler and Melina Schuh|website=Embl.de}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.biochemistry.org/Awards/2019Winners.aspx|title=2019 Winners|website=Biochemistry.org|access-date=2019-02-08}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfg.de/en/funded_projects/prizewinners/leibniz_prize/2019/schuh/index.jsp|title=DFG, German Research Foundation - Dr. Melina Schuh|website=www.dfg.de|access-date=2019-03-15}}
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Schuh, Melina}}{{scientist-stub}}

7 : German biologists|Living people|Women biologists|Women scientists|University of Bayreuth alumni|Year of birth missing (living people)|21st-century women scientists
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