| 词条 | Melingriffith Water Pump |
| 释义 |
| name = Melingriffith Water Pump | type = water pump | image = File:Melingriffith waterwheel powered pump - geograph.org.uk - 1659281.jpg | caption = Melingriffith water pump in 2004 | location = Cardiff, Wales | locmapin = Wales Cardiff | map_caption = Location in Cardiff | coordinates = {{coord|51.5122|-3.2378|display=inline,title}} | gbgridref = ST 1420 7997 | designation1 = Scheduled monument | designation1_offname = Melingriffith Water Pump | designation1_date = | designation1_number = GM312 | governing_body = Cardiff City Council | designation1_free1name = Community | designation1_free1value = Whitchurch | designation2_free2name = Principal area | designation2_free2value = Cardiff | restored = 1974–1989 and 2011 | built = 1793 | built_for = Melingriffith Tinplate Works | architect = Watkin George }} Melingriffith Water Pump is a water-driven water pump that was built by Watkin George, of Cyfartha, around 1793 to return precious water from the Melingriffith Tin Plate Works to the Glamorganshire Canal. The water pump is a scheduled monument and has been restored twice since it ceased operation in the 1940s. For many years it was believed to be designed by the canal engineer John Rennie. BackgroundWhen the Glamorganshire Canal was built it drew water from the same feed as the Melingriffith Tin Plate Works to operate the Melingriffith lock. The lock drew so much water that the works had to often cease operation in dry weather, despite a clause in the Glamorgan Canal Navigation Act requiring the company to protect the water supplies of local industries.{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=118}} The ensuing legal battle led to an agreement to pump water from the tail race of the tin plate works to a height of {{convert|12|ft|m}} back into the canal. The canal company installed the pump, and the tin plate works contributed to its maintenance.{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=118}} OperationThe pump is driven by an undershot paddle wheel. The wheel comprised three cast iron hoops mounted on a solid oak axle, with 30 blades mounted on the cast iron hoops. The wheel is {{convert|18|ft|6|in|m}} in diameter with a width of {{convert|12|ft|6|in|m}}. The paddles are {{convert|22|inch|m}} deep.{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=121}}{{sfn|Engineering Timelines}} The paddle wheel is connected to two rocking beams of oak which are {{convert|22|ft|m}} long by {{convert|1|ft|2|in|m}} by {{convert|1|ft|4|in|m}}. The connecting rods, made of cast iron, are {{convert|18|ft|5|in|m}} long, with a cross section of {{convert|4|inch|m}} by {{convert|5|inch|m}}. The rocking beams are supported on an oak frame of {{convert|1|ft|m}} by {{convert|1|ft|m}} timber.{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=121}} The other ends of the two rocking beams are connected to the vertical pumping cylinders by a chain mechanism. The cylinders have a bore of {{convert|2|ft|8|in|m}} and a stroke of {{convert|5|ft|m}}. The pistons in each cylinder include triangular weighted flaps of iron with leather hinges.{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=121}} In 1808 John Rennie and William Jessop were consulted about problems with the pump. They recommended a "fire engine" (a steam engine) but it appears that the tin plate works owners would not contribute to the costs.{{sfn|Engineering Timelines}} The pump continued to operate continually until 1927, and probably after that until the canal effectively closed in 1942.{{sfn|Engineering Timelines}} The pump remained standing until restoration was started in 1974. Scrap merchants failed to dismantle the pump in the 1950s.{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=118}} RestorationMelingriffith Water Pump was first restored between 1974–89 by the Inland Waterways Association and Oxford House (Risca) Industrial Archaeology Society, with cooperation from Cardiff City Council, and some timber components including the axle were replaced by steel.{{sfn|Engineering Timelines}}{{sfn|Williams|1992|p=118}} The tinplate works were demolished in the 1980s and replaced by a housing estate. The Welsh Development Agency kept the feeder from the weir across the River Taff so the restored water pump could be operated.{{sfn|Malaws|2005}} When the restoration was completed in 1989 the pump was put in the care of Cardiff City Council.{{sfn|Malaws|2005}} Further restoration work was carried out in 2009–11. Bats roosting in the rocker beams delayed the restoration but the pump ran again on 1 July 2010, now operated by electric power. The restoration work, costing £100,000 was funded by Cadw and Cardiff Council and was carried out by Penybryn Engineering with project management by Opus International Consultants.{{sfn|Wilkins|2010}} The pump is now operated regularly.{{sfn|Engineering Timelines}} ConservationThe pump is a scheduled monument and the centrepiece of the Melingriffith Water Pump Conservation Area which was designated in 1975.{{sfn|Cadw: Melingriffith Water Pump}}{{sfn|Gazette|46662}} See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Melingriffith Conservation Area Appraisal|url=https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/resident/Planning/Documents/Melingriffith-A.pdf|publisher=Cardiff City Council|date=2007}}
| title = Melingriffith Water Pump | publisher = Cadw | work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW) | ref = {{sfnref|Cadw: Melingriffith Water Pump}} | id = Cadw Id: GM312}}
| title = Melingriffith Water Pump | url = http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=403 | website = engineering timelines | accessdate = 30 April 2016 | location = London | ref = {{sfnref|Engineering Timelines}}}}
| title = Melingriffith Waterpump | work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW) | url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/34441/details | accessdate = 16 April 2016 | via = coflein (online database of the NMRW) | publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) | first = B.A. | last = Malaws | date = 12 August 2005 | origyear = 1981 | id = NPRN 34441 | ref = harv}}
| first = Stephanie | last = Wilkins | work = Living Magazines Cardiff | title = Melingriffith Water Pump Reinstalled | url = http://livingmags.co.uk/melingriffith-water-pump-reinstalled/ | accessdate = 1 May 2016 | ref = harv | date = 8 November 2010}}
| title = Welsh Industrial Heritage: a review | section = Melingriffith Water Pump | first = Robin | last = Williams | editor-first = C Stephen | editor-last = Briggs | url = http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-281-1/dissemination/pdf/cba_rr_079.pdf#p=122 | isbn = 1 872414 13 3 | accessdate = 30 April 2016 | publisher = Council for British Archaeology | location = London | date = 1992 | id = CBA Research Report 79 | ref = harv | via = Archaeology Data Service}}
| issue = 46662 |page=10543 | date = 18 August 1975 }} Further reading
| title = Melingriffith Water Pump: Conservation and Refurbishment Works | url = http://coflein.gov.uk/pdf/MWP01_74/ | last = Opus International Consultants (UK) Ltd | via = coflein (online database of the NMRW) | location = Cardiff | institution = Cardiff County Council | accessdate = 16 April 2016 | year = 1996 }} External links
1 : Scheduled monuments in Cardiff |
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