“Melissa Freeman”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Melissa Freeman (born 1926) is a Bronx-born physician based at the Beth Israel Medical Center.

Education

Freeman's grandfather was born a slave in the 1850s, who was a teenager when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed.^[1] Freeman grew up in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.^[2] She attended High School of Music & Art, where she most enjoyed physiology and social work. She graduated Howard University College of Medicine in 1955, where she attended night classes and worked several day jobs.^[1] She was one of only 4 women in a class of 150 students.^[3]

Career

Freeman completed an internship at Kings County Hospital Center and a residency at Nassau University Medical Center.^[1] She began practicing medicine since 1961.^[4] Working with Vincent Dole and Marie Nyswander, she developed the used of methadone to treat heroin addiction.^[1] She was one of the first doctors to treat women using methadone maintenance.^[5]^[3] She set up her own internal medicine practice in Harlem in 1981.

She has worked at Beth Israel Hospital for over 50 years.^[6] She runs a methadone maintenance program in New York, and mentors young doctors.^[7]^[8]^[9]

She inspired Valentin Bonilla Jr, Chief Physician Assistant at the Mount Sinai Beth Israel Opioid Treatment Program, to pursue a career in medication-assisted treatment.^[10]

References

1. ^¹²³{{Cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/jan/11/dr-melissa-freeman-granddaughter-slave-front-lines/|title=A granddaughter of a slave is on the front lines of the opioid epidemic|access-date=2018-04-07}}
2. ^{{Citation|last=Eyewitness News ABC7NY|title=Black History Month profile: Dr. Melissa M. Freeman|date=2018-02-12|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FynfowshPBE|accessdate=2018-04-07}}
3. ^¹{{Citation|last=Iris|title=Meet the 91-Year-Old Doctor Who's the Granddaughter of Slaves {{!}} Iris|date=2018-03-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rO9Vew5D96I|accessdate=2018-04-07}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://abc7ny.com/society/black-history-month-profile-dr-melissa-m-freeman/3022970/|title=Black History Month profile: Dr. Melissa M. Freeman|date=2018-02-02|work=ABC7 New York|access-date=2018-04-07|language=en-US}}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Herman|last2=Woods|first2=Joycelyn|date=2006-12-01|title=In the Service of Patients: The Legacy of Dr. Dole|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255662523_In_the_Service_of_Patients_The_Legacy_of_Dr_Dole|journal=Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems|volume=8}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/melissa-m-freeman|title=MELISSA FREEMAN {{!}} Mount Sinai - New York|website=Mount Sinai Health System|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-07}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/nyregion/09doctors.html|title=Opening Young Eyes to a Prize: a Career in Medicine|last=Fernandez|first=Manny|date=2007-12-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-04-07|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.createinc.org/news_detail.asp?event_aID=90|title=News and Events - Recovery in Harlem: Health, Medical and Recovery from Drugs and Alcohol Services from CREATE, Inc. in Harlem|website=www.createinc.org|access-date=2018-04-07}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ahhe.org/event/our-health-our-history/|title=Our Health, Our History|date=2018-01-22|work=AHHE.ORG|access-date=2018-04-07|language=en-US}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.otpgeorgia.org/an-interview-with-valentin-bonilla-jr/|title=An Interview with Valentin Bonilla Jr.|work=Opioid Treatment Providers of Georgia|access-date=2018-04-07|language=en-US}}