词条 | Menai Strait fish weirs |
释义 |
}}{{GeoGroup}} The fast-flowing tidal waters of the Menai Strait which separate Anglesey from the rest of North Wales have throughout history provided a valuable source of fish. The strait was particularly well suited to utilising fish weirs and fish traps. The tidal waters pull huge volumes of water past the coastline with every tide, and the weirs and traps enabled fish to be concentrated into small holding areas from which they can be readily caught. Such methods are thought to have been used from earliest times, but the submerged and standing remains along both the Anglesey and Gwynedd coasts are from medieval and post-medieval periods, and in some cases were still in use into the 20th century. Types of fish trapEvidence of fishing with nets in the Menai Strait was documented in the 11th century.[1] However the development of various types of permanent structures have been found in the mud and sand of the Menai Strait. Of the various designs used around Britain, three in particular have been noted on the strait: Crescent, V-shaped and Rectilinear. In addition, there are also traps that use natural features, such as a gap between two islands.[2] Crescent Traps may represent the earliest form, and take the form of a crescent of rocks or other material to create a pond at low tide, into which fish can be driven and then contained and caught. V-shaped structures develop this by allowing a sluice at the narrow end. This funnelled the water through a gap around {{convert|1.5|m|ft}} wide, over which a large net bag could be placed to catch the fish as the water drained out. Two v-shaped traps are sometimes located side by side, to create a w-shape.[2] A more developed structure is the Rectilinear trap, which is particularly well represented along the Strait. A dry stone wall runs {{convert|200|m|ft}} or so directly out from the shore between the high to low water marks. A second wall forms a rectangle to the shoreline, by running a similar distance parallel to the shore. A third, shorter wall runs back at an acute angle on the shorewood side, in a 'hook' shape, to form in effect, a v-shaped funnel within the rectangle, from which the water can be released through a net bag. Anglesey shoreline, Llangoed group{{OSM Location map| coord = {{coord|53.2805|-4.081}} | zoom =13 | width = 254 | height = 300 | nolabels=0 | caption = Map showing the fish weirs at the northern end of Anglesey's Menai Strait shoreline. | minimap = file| mini-file = Wales Isle of Anglesey locator map.svg | mini-width = 80 | mini-height = 96 | minipog-x = 39 | minipog-y = 7 | scalemark = 80 | label1=Aberlleiniog I| label-pos1=left| label-color1=hard grey| mark-coord1 = {{coord|53.2902|-4.0672}}|mark-title1 = Aberlleiniog Fish Weir I| mark-image1=| mark-description1= | label2=Aberlleiniog II| label-pos2=left| label-offset-y2=-4|mark-coord2 = {{coord|53.2911|-4.0628}}|mark-title2 = Aberlleiniog Fish Weir II| mark-image2=| mark-description2= | label3=Trecastell| label-pos3=left| mark-coord3 = {{coord|53.2862|-4.07}}|mark-title3 = Trecastell Fish Weir| mark-image3=| mark-description3= | label4=Gorad Friars Bach| label-pos4=right| mark-coord4 = {{coord|53.2781|-4.0787}}|mark-title4 = Gorad Friars Bach Fish Weir| mark-image4=| mark-description4= | label5=Beaumaris fishtrap| label-pos5=bottom| mark-coord5 = {{coord|53.2695|-4.08483}}|mark-title5 = Beaumaris fishtrap| mark-image5=| mark-description5= | label6=Site of Friary| labela6=at Llanfaes| label-pos6=bottom| mark6= Archaeological site icon (red).svg| mark-coord6 = {{coord|53.2746|-4.0871}}|mark-title6 = Site of Friary at Llanfaes| mark-image6=| mark-description6= }} The northern (Anglesey) shore of the Menai Strait has visible evidence of at least 11 fish weir sites. Five of these are northeast of Beaumaris, in Llangoed Community and are thought to have all been associated with Llanfaes Friary. All five are of the rectilinear design.[3] Two were still in use in the 19th century, one of which was still operating in 1960, whilst others were unknown until identified by aerial photographs.[4]
Fish Weirs in The Swellies{{OSM Location map| coord = {{coord|53.219|-4.175}} | zoom =13 | width = 224 | height = 300 | nolabels=0 | caption = Map showing the fish weirs of the Swellies, in Anglesey's Menai Strait. | minimap = file| mini-file = Wales Isle of Anglesey locator map.svg | mini-width = 80 | mini-height = 96 | minipog-x = 35 | minipog-y = 10 | scalemark = 130 | label1=Gorad Ddu| label-pos1=left| label-color1=hard grey| mark-coord1 = {{coord|53.2214|-4.1797}}|mark-title1 = Gorad Ddu Fish Weir| mark-image1=| mark-description1= | label2=Ynys Gorad Goch| label-pos2=right| mark-coord2 = {{coord|53.2187|-4.1813}}|mark-title2 = North Weir and Smoke Tower, Ynys Gorad Goch| mark-image2=| mark-description2= | label3=Coed Mor| label-pos3=left| mark-coord3 = {{coord|53.2188|-4.1841}}|mark-title3 = Coed Mor Fish Weir| mark-image3=| mark-description3= }} The Swellies (or Wellies) are a series of submerged rocks and small islands in the most constricted section of the Strait, between the two bridges. The tides run fastest past these constrictions, which have been used to create a series of fish weirs on the shore and in mid stream. Three are scheduled monuments, all in Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll Community.
Other fish weirs on the Anglesey shore
Two further fish weirs are north of Menai Bridge, near the River Cadnant at Ynys Castell and Ynys y Big. Neither are scheduled monuments,[25] Towards the southern end of the Strait are various intertidal features which are probable fish weirs. Three of the more distinct are:
Fish weirs on the Caernarfonshire shoreOnly one of the fish weirs on the Gwynedd side of the Strait is a scheduled monument. Five others are also recorded in the coflein database.
See also
References1. ^Gwynedd Archaeological Trust, Penmon Historic Landscapes (2010). Aberlleiniog/Trecastell: Key historic landscape features and processes (PRN 33472) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806212443/http://www.heneb.co.uk/hlcpenmon/10aberlleiniog.html |date=2016-08-06 }}. Accessed 13th June 2016 2. ^1 Dawson, Tom, (2004), Locating Fish Traps on the Moray and Forth. SCAPE trust. p.4-7. Accessed 13 June 2016 3. ^1 {{watprn|coflein|301746|title=Llangoed Fish Weir Complex}} (coflein) 4. ^{{Watprn|coflein|402485}}. The outlines are clearly visible on the [https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.2911~-4.0628&lvl=15&sp=Point.53.2911_-4.0628_Aberlleiniog%20Fish%20Weir%20II&sty=h&ignoreoptin=1 bing aerial imagery] 5. ^{{Watprn|GAT|1722|title=Aberlleiniog Fishweir II}}. Cadw SAM: AN143: Aberlleiniog Fish Weir II 6. ^Penmon fish trap. {{Watprn|coflein|416641}} 7. ^{{Watprn|GAT|1722|title=Fish Trap, Lleiniog}}. Cadw SAM: AN142: Aberlleiniog Fish Weir I 8. ^Aberlleiniog Fish Trap. {{Watprn|coflein|402485}} 9. ^Gored Tre-castell Fish Trap. {{Watprn|coflein|301746}}. 10. ^{{Watprn|GAT|1723|title=Fish Trap, Tre Castell}}. Cadw SAM: AN141: Trecastell Fish Weir 11. ^Bannerman, N, V, Campbell (2011), Flood, Folklore and Fishweirs: Interpreting localised relative sea level changes by means of geomorpholgical, historical and archaeological analysis of intertidal structures. Accessed 13 June 2016 12. ^Gored Bach Fish Trap. {{Watprn|coflein|409034}} 13. ^{{Watprn|GAT|892}}. Cadw SAM: AN140: Gorad Friars Bach Fish Weir 14. ^Smylie, Mike (2015) A Perilous Catch: The History of Commercial Fishing. The History Press p.17 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=HEfHBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT17&lpg=PT17 google books]) 15. ^Beaumaris Fish Trap. {{Watprn|coflein|402483}} 16. ^{{Watprn|GAT|7219}}, {{Watprn|GAT|7220}}. Cadw SAM: AN139: Gorad Ddu Fish Weir 17. ^Gorad Ddu Fish Trap. {{Watprn|coflein|409032}} 18. ^{{Watprn|GAT|14617|title=Gorad Ddu earlier wall}} 19. ^Ynys Gorad Goch weir and smoke tower {{Watprn|coflein|33276}} 20. ^1 Anglesey Today: The secrets of Ynys Gorad Goch, from the book "Anglesey Sketches" by Margaret Hughes. Accessed 15th June 2016 21. ^{{Watprn|GAT|2757}}. Cadw SAM: AN096: North Weir and Smoke Tower, Ynys Gorad Goch 22. ^{{Watprn|GAT|7221}}. Cadw SAM: AN138: Coed Mor Fish Weir 23. ^Coed Mor Fish Trap. {{Watprn|coflein|409071}}. 24. ^{{watprn|GAT|1724|title=Fish Trap, Penmon Point}} 25. ^Ynys Castell Fish Trap, {{watprn|coflein| 519355}} 26. ^Mermaid Inn Fish Trap, {{watprn|coflein|518864 }} 27. ^Hedsor Idan Fish Trap, {{watprn|coflein|402467 }} 28. ^Llanidan House Fish Trap, {{watprn|coflein|402463 }} 29. ^Ogwen Weir, {{watprn|coflein|301216}} 30. ^Cegin Weir, {{watprn|coflein|518206 }} 31. ^Gorad Y Gyt, {{watprn|coflein|409033 }} 32. ^Coed Twr, {{watprn|coflein|518862}} 33. ^Felinheli Fish Trap, {{watprn|coflein|518865}} 34. ^Gorad Gwerfai fish trap, {{watprn|coflein|408635}} 3 : Menai Strait|Fishing equipment|Weirs |
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