| 词条 | Menemsha Pond | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Menemsha Pond | image = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Chilmark, Massachusetts & Aquinnah, Massachusetts | coords = {{coord|41.3375|N|70.7733|W|type:waterbody_region:US-MS|display=inline,title}} | type = Salt Pond | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = United States | length = | width = | area = {{convert|665|acre|ha|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | islands = | cities = }} Menemsha Pond is a salt pond split between the towns of Aquinnah & Chilmark, Massachusetts.[1] At the mouth of the pond, the Menemsha Creek leads into the Menemsha Bight and the Vineyard Sound. Along Menemsha Creek sits the historic sea-side fishing village of Menemsha. Menemsha Pond connects to both Stonewall Pond via Nashaquitsa Pond and to Squibnocket Pond via the Squibnocket Herring Run. Since 1902, Menemsha Pond is a federally recognized Harbor of Refuge.[2] This designation altered the development of both the harbor at Menemsha and the channel into Menemsha Pond. Before the federal designation and redesign of the inlet, the channel was dredged locally to maintain access. HistoryArcheological exploration indicates that indigenous peoples of the Wampanoag tribe have inhabited the shores of Menemsha Pond for approximately 10,000 to 7,500 years.[3] Additionally, the tribe still maintains a presence on the pound with the tribal run hatchery, herring run, and with the tribal members who fish both recreationally and commercially.[4] In his 1969 book, Archaeology of Martha's Vineyard, William A Ritchie excavated and carbon-dated materials found in the shell middens and living sites around the Vineyard including around Menemsha and Sqiudnocket Pond.[5] In 1748 the Menemsha Road was laid out from Menemsha Pond to the common (south) road. In 1890, the Chief of Engineers of the US Army conducted a preliminary examination of Menemsha Bight.
Although no work was done on the bight or creek at that time, this report would be a harbinger. In 1938, all but one building in the town of Menemsha was destroyed during the hurricane of 1938. The strong surf surged through Menemsha and the small barrier beach that separated Menemsha pond and the ocean, washing away the collection of fishing shacks that populated the village. In the aftermath of the hurricane, the Army Corps of Engineers dredged the channel and built jetties on either side, hardening Menemsha's status as a port of refuge. The Menemsha channel would wander and change shape often, until the jetties were built. In fact, the Wampanoag word for the channel to Menemsha Pond is Wawitukq, meaning "the winding, twisting river".[7] The 1938 hurricane also greatly damaged the fishing villages of Lobsterville and Squibnocket, both of whom would never recover. The new dredging of Menemsha harbor, with its added depth and dock space, made it ideal for the newly innovated motor-powered fishing and leisure boats. AdministrationThe pond is dually administered by the towns of Aquinnah and Chilmark. Each town has their own harbormaster.
Fishing & AquacultureMenemsha Pond supports commercial oyster farming. The towns also seed bay scallops, quahogs, and oysters in the pond. In addition, the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head runs a hatchery on the southwest side of the pond. In the past, the hatchery conducted flounder spawning programs. Currently, there are no spawning programs; however, the tribe monitors the adjacent herring run from the hatchery building.[8]
References1. ^{{cite web |title=PondSummary |url=http://mvcommission.org/sites/default/files/docs/PondSummary_0.pdf |publisher=MV Commission}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=OFFICIALS DETERMINE MENEMSHA POND ANCHORING RULES |url=http://newenglandboating.com/officials-determine-menemsha-pond-anchoring-rules/ |website=NewEnglandBoating.com |publisher=New England Boating}} 3. ^{{cite web |last1=Hufstader |first1=Louisa |title=Aquinnah Sites Reveal 10,000 Years of Wampanoag History |url=https://vineyardgazette.com/news/2018/08/19/aquinnah-sites |website=The Vineyard Gazette}} 4. ^{{cite web |last1=Hull |first1=Olivia |title=For Islanders, Ties to Coastal Ponds Run Deep |url=https://vineyardgazette.com/news/2015/08/13/islanders-ties-coastal-ponds-run-deep |website=vineyardgazette.com |publisher=MV Gazette}} 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Ritchie |first1=William A. |title=Archaeology of Martha's Vineyard |date=1969 |location=NY}} 6. ^{{cite book |title=ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY, TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, FOR THE YEAR 1892 |date=1892 |publisher=GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE |location=Washington}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Lobsterville: A History through the Eyes of a Fly Rod (excerpt) |url=http://floggingthewaters.blogspot.com/2016/02/lobsterville-history-through-eyes-of.html |website=Flogging the Waters}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=WINTER FLOUNDER ENHANCEMENT PROJECT |url=http://www.wampnrd.com/flounder.html |website=Natural Resource Department |publisher=Wampanoag Tribe}} 5 : Ponds of Massachusetts|Martha's Vineyard|Chilmark, Massachusetts|Aquinnah, Massachusetts|Aquaculture in the United States |
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